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Water Fluoridation In Australia
Australia is one of many countries that have water fluoridation programs currently operating (see Water fluoridation by country). As of March 2012, artificially fluoridated drinking water is provided for 70% or more of the population in all states and territories. The acceptance of the benefits of water fluoridation occurred in Australia in December 1953, roughly two years after acceptance in the United States. Many of Australia's drinking water supplies subsequently began fluoridation in the 1960s and 1970s. By 1984 almost 66% of the Australian population had access to fluoridated drinking water, represented by 850 towns and cities.Commonwealth Department of Health, Fluoridation of Water: A Collection. 9; Commonwealth Department of Health, Fluoridation of Water in Australia 1984 (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1985), 13. Some areas within Australia have natural fluoride levels in the groundwater, which was estimated in 1991 to provide drinking water to approxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Fluoridation In Australia By Postcode In 1964-1977 And 2012
Water (chemical formula ) is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent). It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food, energy or organic micronutrients. Its chemical formula, H2O, indicates that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, connected by covalent bonds. The hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygen atom at an angle of 104.45°. "Water" is also the name of the liquid state of H2O at standard temperature and pressure. A number of natural states of water exist. It forms precipitation in the form of rain and aerosols in the form of fog. Clouds consist of suspended droplets of water and ice, its solid state. When finely divided, crystalline ice may precipitate in the form of snow. The gaseous state of water is steam or water vapor. Water covers ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byron Shire
Byron Shire is a local government area located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. The shire is located adjacent to the ''Coral Sea'' about south of the Queensland border. The shire, administered from the town of Mullumbimby, covers an area of , and has existed as a local government entity since 1906. The shire was named for Cape Byron, itself named by Captain James Cook in May 1770 in honour of Vice-Admiral John Byron. Michael Lyon was first elected Mayor to fill a casual vacancy on Thursday 13 May 2021 and then popularly elected at the Council elections on December 4, 2021. History Byron Shire was created on 7 March 1906 under the as one of 134 local government areas in regional New South Wales. On 16 May 1906, a temporary council of five members was appointed to administer it, and elections were held in November. On 4 December, the council convened for the first time with William Baker as its inaugural president. William Baker was born in Great ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wakool Shire
Wakool Shire was a local government area in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire was located between the Murray River and the Murrumbidgee River and adjacent to the Sturt Highway. Towns in the Shire are Barham, Moulamein, Tooleybuc, Wakool and Koraleigh. The last mayor of Wakool Shire was Clr. Neil Gorey, an unaligned politician. Amalgamation A 2015 review of local government boundaries by the NSW Government Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal recommended that the Wakool Shire merge with the Murray Shire to form a new council with an area of and support a population of approximately 11,500. Wakool Shire was abolished on 12 May 2016 and along with neighbouring Murray Shire, the area was included in the Murray River Council local government area. Council Composition and election method At the time of dissolution, Wakool Shire Council was composed of six councillors elected proportionally as three separate wards Ward may refer to: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Hunter Shire
The Upper Hunter Shire is a local government area in the Upper Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire was formed in May 2004 from the Scone Shire and parts of Murrurundi and Merriwa shires. The Mayor of the Upper Hunter Shire Council is Cr. Maurice Collison, following the sudden resignation of Wayne Bedggood as Mayor and as a Councillor on 9 June 2020. No reason has been given for the sudden resignation. Council's General Manager is Greg McDonald Towns The towns of the Upper Hunter are Scone, Parkville, Aberdeen, Murrurundi, and Merriwa, as well as several villages, including Bunnan, Gundy, Moonan Flat, Ellerston, Wingen, Blandford and Cassilis. Of the towns, only Aberdeen on the Shire's southeastern border is situated on the Hunter River. Heritage listings The Upper Hunter Shire has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: * Ardglen, Main Northern railway: Ardglen Tunnel * Merriwa, Bow Street: Colonial Cottage Museum * Murrurundi, Main North ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narromine Shire
Narromine Shire is a local government area in the Orana region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is located adjacent to the Mitchell Highway and the Main Western railway line. It was formed on 1 January 1981 from the amalgamation of the Municipality of Narromine and Timbrebongie Shire resulting from the ''Local Government Areas Amalgamation Act 1980''. Schedule 1. Narromine Shire includes the towns of Narromine, Trangie and Tomingley. The mayor of Narromine Shire Council is Cr. Craig Davies, an independent politician. Demographics Council Current composition and election method Narromine Shire Council is composed of nine councillors elected proportionally as a single ward. All councillors are elected for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narrandera Shire
Narrandera Shire is a local government area in the Riverina region of south-western New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is located adjacent to the Sturt and Newell Highways. The present Narrandera Shire was formed on 1 January 1960 by an amalgamation of the previous Narrandera Municipality and Yanko Shire. The first Narrandera Municipality was incorporated on 18 March 1885. Narrandera Shire is a large shire in the geographical centre of the Riverina, with over of roads within its boundaries. The Shire includes the town of Narrandera and the villages of Grong Grong, Binya and Barellan. The mayor of Narrandera Shire is Cr. Neville Kschenka, an independent politician. Council Current composition and election method Narrandera Shire Council is composed of nine councillors elected proportionally as a single ward. All councillors are elected for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narrabri Shire
Narrabri Shire is a local government area in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is located adjacent to the Namoi River and the Newell and Kamilaroi Highways. It was formed on 1 January 1981 from the amalgamation of the Municipality of Narrabri and Namoi Shire resulting from the ''Local Government Areas Amalgamation Act 1980''. Schedule 1. The mayor of Narrabri Shire Council is Cr. Ron Campbell, who is an Independent. Towns and localities The seat of Council and major town in the Shire is Narrabri. Other towns, villages and localities in the Shire include Baan Baa, Bellata, Boggabri, Edgeroi, Gwabegar, Pilliga, and Wee Waa. Heritage listings The Narrabri Shire has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: * Narrabri, Bowen Street: Narrabri Gaol and Residence Demographics At the , there were people in the Narrabri local government area, of these 50.1 per cent were male and 49.9 per cent were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murrumbidgee Council
Murrumbidgee Council is a local government area in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. This area was formed in 2016 from the merger of the Murrumbidgee Shire with the neighbouring Jerilderie Shire. The combined area comprises and covers the urban areas of Coleambally, Darlington Point and Jerilderie and the surrounding cropping and pastoral areas. At the time of its establishment, the estimated population of the area was 4,047. The inaugural Mayor of Murrumbidgee Council is former Jerilderie Shire councillor Ruth McRae, elected on 21 September 2017. Cr McRae was elected as Mayor for the second term on 24 September 2019. Demographics Heritage listings The Murrumbidgee Council has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: * Darlington Point, Warangesda: Warangesda Aboriginal Mission * Jerilderie, Nowranie Street: Jerilderie railway station Council Murrumbidgee Council has nine Councillors, with three councillors elected proportionally from three wards - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liverpool Plains Shire
Liverpool Plains Shire is a local government area located in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire was formed on 17 March 2004 by the amalgamation of Quirindi Shire with parts of Parry, Murrurundi and Gunnedah shires. The Mayor of Liverpool Plains Shire Council is Cr. Doug Hawkins OAM. Main towns The main town and Council seat is located in Quirindi. Other towns and villages in the Shire include Ardglen, Blackville, Caroona, Currabubula, Premer, Spring Ridge, Wallabadah, Werris Creek, and Willow Tree. Heritage listings The Liverpool Plains Shire has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: * Pine Ridge, Windy Road: Windy Station Woolshed * Quirindi, Main Northern railway: Quirindi railway station * Warrah Creek, Merriwa-Murrurundi Road: East Warrah Woolshed * Werris Creek, Main Northern railway: Werris Creek railway station Demographics At the , there were people in the Liverpool Plains Shire local government area, of these 50.4 p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerilderie Shire
Jerilderie Shire was a local government area in the Riverina region of southern New South Wales, Australia. The Shire was located adjacent to the Newell Highway. The Shire was declared in 1918 after the amalgamation of the former Municipality of Jerilderie (1889 – 1918) and Wunnamurra Shire (1906 – 1918). It was dissolved in 2016 after its amalgamation with Murrumbidgee Shire to create Murrumbidgee Council At the time of dissolution, Jerilderie Shire was the second smallest local government area in New South Wales, in terms of population. The final mayor of Jerilderie Shire was Cr. Ruth McRae, an unaligned politician. The seat of the council was located in Jerilderie, the only significant town in the Shire. Amalgamation A 2015 review of local government boundaries by the NSW Government Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal recommended that the Jerilderie Shire merge adjoining councils. The government considered three proposals. The first proposal was a merger bet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwydir Shire
Gwydir Shire is a local government area located in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. The northern boundary of the Shire is located adjacent to the border between New South Wales and Queensland. The Shire was established on 17 March 2004, when the Yallaroi, Bingara, and a northern portion of the Barraba shires were merged. The seat of the Council is located in the major centre of the area in the town of Bingara. Other major towns include Warialda. The Mayor of the Gwydir Shire Council is Cr. John Coulton, who is unaligned with any political party. Towns and localities The towns of Gwydir Shire include Warialda and Bingara, and the villages/localities include Back Creek, Bangheet, Caroda, Cobbadah, Coolatai, Copeton, Crooble, Croppa Creek, Dinoga, Elcombe, Gineroi, Gravesend, Gulf Creek, Gundamulda, North Star, Pallal, Riverview, Upper Bingara, Upper Horton, Warialda Rail, Yagobe, and Yallaroi. The locality of Myall Creek is split between Gwy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gunnedah Shire
Gunnedah Shire is a local government area in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is located adjacent to the Liverpool Plains in the Namoi River valley and is traversed by the Oxley Highway and the Kamilaroi Highway. The Shire was established in 1980 from the amalgamation of the Municipality of Gunnedah and Liverpool Plains Shire. It includes the town of Gunnedah and surrounding villages of Curlewis, Breeza, Carroll, Mullaley, Emerald Hill, Tambar Springs and Kelvin. The Mayor of Gunnedah Shire Council is Cr. Jamie Chaffey, who is unaligned with any political party. Geography The Gunnedah Shire is situated on the Liverpool Plains between the Nandewar and Great Dividing Ranges, with the tallest hills being above sea level. The climate is hot in summer, mild in winter and dry, although heavy rain in catchment areas occasionally cause flooding of the Namoi River. Major floods cut transport links to Gunnedah, briefly isolating it from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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