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Watam
Marangis a.k.a. Watam is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. Like Bosmun, it shares a number of irregular plural markers with the Lower Sepik languages, supporting the proposal of a Ramu – Lower Sepik language family. It is spoken in the two villages of: *Watam village, Marienberg Rural LLG, East Sepik Province () *Marangis village, Yawar Rural LLG, Madang Province () Pronouns The pronominal system of Watam has a four-way distinction, with there being a paucal In linguistics, grammatical number is a grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more"). English and other languages present number categories of ... ("a few", "more than two") number for pronouns in addition to singular, dual, and plural. : Nouns Nominal plural formatives include: : Verbs Watam verbal conjugation for the verb ''ndo'' ‘to see’: : References {{Ramu–Lower Sepik languages Ottilien langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottilien Languages
The Ottilien or Watam-Awar-Gamay languages languages are a small family of clearly related languages, : Watam– Kaian, Gamei (Mbore), and Bosman–Awar. They are generally classified among the Ramu languages of northern Papua New Guinea. The Ottilien languages are all spoken in Yawar Rural LLG, in locations mostly along the coast of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Watam and Bosman share plural morphology with Lower Sepik (Nor–Pondo), supporting the Ramu – Lower Sepik language-family proposal. The family is named for the mouth of the Ottilien River, now known as the Ramu. Phonemes Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: : : Pronouns Pronouns in proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay (proto-Ottilien) reconstructed by Foley (2005) are: : See also Lower Ramu languages#Pronouns. Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: : Proto-Ottilien A phonological reconstruction of proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay (proto-Ottilien) has been proposed by Foley (2005). ;proto-W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Ramu Languages
The Lower Ramu or Ottilien–Misegian languages consist of two branches in the Ramu language family. They are all spoken in Yawar Rural LLG, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Classification The Lower Ramu languages as classified by Usher and by Foley (2018) are:Timothy Usher, New Guinea WorldLower Ramu River/ref> ;Lower Ramu languages * Ottilien languages ** Watam, Kaian **Gamay ( Borei) ** Bosmun, Awar *Misegian languages (Ruboni languages) ** Mikarew ( Aruamu) ** Sepen, Kirei Lower Ramu as presented in Foley (2018) has been reduced in scope from the classification given in Foley (2005), which is as follows. ;Lower Ramu *Watam-Awar-Gamay (WAG) = Ottilien ** Watam, Kaian **Gamay ** Bosmun, Awar Awar ( ar-at, اعور) is one of the five sons of Iblis, mentioned by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. He is a devil who encourages debauchery. His four brothers are named: Dasim (داسم), Zalambur (زلنبور), Sut In Islamic demonology, Sut (مس ... * Mikarew- Kire (MK) = Misegia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bosmun Language
Bosman (Bosmun, Bosngun) is a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken five villages of Dongan ward, Yawar Rural LLG, Madang Province (). Like Watam, it shares a number of irregular plural markers with the Lower Sepik languages The Lower Sepik a.k.a. Nor–Pondo languages are a small language family of East Sepik Province in northern Papua New Guinea. They were identified as a family by K Laumann in 1951 under the name Nor–Pondo, and included in Donald Laycock's now-d ..., supporting the proposal of a Ramu – Lower Sepik language family. References External links Rosetta Project: Bosmun Swadesh List Ottilien languages Languages of Madang Province Languages of East Sepik Province {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marienberg Rural LLG
Marienberg Rural LLG (also Marienberg Hills Rural LLG) is a local-level government (LLG) of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. The Marienberg languages are spoken in this LLG, as well as various Lower Sepik-Ramu languages and the isolate Tayap. Wards *01. Kasmin 2 ( Buna language speakers) *02. Kasmin 1 ( Buna language speakers) *03. Mansep *04. Ariapan ( Buna language speakers) *05. Boik ( Buna language speakers) *06. Kis *07. Kaup *08. Murik ( Nor language speakers) *09. Darapap *10. Karau *11. Mendam *12. Bin *13. Suk ( Buna language speakers) *14. Imbandomarienberg *15. Mamber *16. Watam ( Marangis language speakers) *17. Kopar ( Kopar language speakers) *18. Mabuk *19. Gapun (Tayap language speakers) *20. Arango *21. Ombos *22. Ormai *23. Jangit *24. Manimong *25. Murken *26. Pokran *27. Jeta *28. Binam *29. Pankin See also * Marienberg, Papua New Guinea * Marienberg Hills *Marienberg languages The Marienberg or Marienberg Hills languages are a branch of the Torric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramu Languages
The Ramu languages are a family of some thirty languages of Northern Papua New Guinea. They were identified as a family by John Z'graggen in 1971 and linked with the Sepik languages by Donald Laycock two years later. Malcolm Ross (2005) classifies them as one branch of a Ramu – Lower Sepik language family. Z'graggen had included the Yuat languages, but that now seems doubtful. With no comprehensive grammar yet available for any of the Ramu languages, the Ramu group remains one of the most poorly documented language groups in the Sepik-Ramu basin. Classification The small families listed below in boldface are clearly valid units. The first five, sometimes classified together as ''Lower Ramu,'' are relatable through lexical data, so their relationship is widely accepted. Languages of the Ottilien family share plural morphology with Nor–Pondo. Late 20th century Laycock (1973) included the Arafundi family, apparently impressionistically, but Arafundi is poorly known. Ross ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramu Language
The Ramu languages are a family of some thirty languages of Northern Papua New Guinea. They were identified as a family by John Z'graggen in 1971 and linked with the Sepik languages by Donald Laycock two years later. Malcolm Ross (2005) classifies them as one branch of a Ramu – Lower Sepik language family. Z'graggen had included the Yuat languages, but that now seems doubtful. With no comprehensive grammar yet available for any of the Ramu languages, the Ramu group remains one of the most poorly documented language groups in the Sepik-Ramu basin. Classification The small families listed below in boldface are clearly valid units. The first five, sometimes classified together as ''Lower Ramu,'' are relatable through lexical data, so their relationship is widely accepted. Languages of the Ottilien family share plural morphology with Nor–Pondo. Late 20th century Laycock (1973) included the Arafundi family, apparently impressionistically, but Arafundi is poorly known. Ross ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madang Province
Madang is a province of Papua New Guinea. The province is on the northern coast of mainland Papua New Guinea and has many of the country's highest peaks, active volcanoes and its biggest mix of languages. The capital is the town of Madang. Districts and LLGs Each province in Papua New Guinea has one or more districts, and each district has one or more Local Level Government (LLG) areas. For census purposes, the LLG areas are subdivided into wards and those into census units. Education Tertiary educational institutions in Madang Province include: *Madang Technical College *Madang Marine Time College *Madang Teachers College *Divine Word University (DWU) is a national university and a leading tertiary institution in Papua New Guinea. Formerly Divine Word Institute, it was established by an Act of Parliament in 1980 and was established as a University in 1996. DWU It is ecumenical, coeducational and privately governed with government support. Provincial leaders The provin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sago
Sago () is a starch extracted from the pith, or spongy core tissue, of various tropical palm stems, especially those of ''Metroxylon sagu''. It is a major staple food for the lowland peoples of New Guinea and the Maluku Islands, where it is called ''saksak'', ''rabia'' and ''sagu''. The largest supply of sago comes from Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia. Large quantities of sago are sent to Europe and North America for cooking purposes. It is traditionally cooked and eaten in various forms, such as rolled into balls, mixed with boiling water to form a glue-like paste ( papeda), or as a pancake. Sago is often produced commercially in the form of "pearls" (small rounded starch aggregates, partly gelatinized by heating). Sago pearls can be boiled with water or milk and sugar to make a sweet sago pudding. Sago pearls are similar in appearance to the pearled starches of other origin, e.g. cassava starch (tapioca) and potato starch. They may be used interchang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandicoot
Bandicoots are a group of more than 20 species of small to medium-sized, terrestrial, largely nocturnal marsupial omnivores in the order Peramelemorphia. They are endemic to the Australia–New Guinea region, including the Bismarck Archipelago to the east and Seram and Halmahera to the west. Etymology The bandicoot is a member of the order Peramelemorphia, and the word "bandicoot" is often used informally to refer to any peramelemorph, such as the bilby. The term originally referred to the unrelated Indian bandicoot rat from the Telugu word ''pandikokku'' (పందికొక్కు). Characteristics Bandicoots have V-shaped faces, ending with their prominent noses similar to probosces. These noses make them, along with bilbies, similar in appearance to elephant shrews and extinct leptictids, and they are distantly related to both mammal groups. With their well-attuned snouts and sharp claws, bandicoot are fossorial diggers. They have small but fine teeth that allow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paucal
In linguistics, grammatical number is a grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more"). English and other languages present number categories of singular or plural, both of which are cited by using the hash sign (#) or by the numero signs "No." and "Nos." respectively. Some languages also have a dual, trial and paucal number or other arrangements. The count distinctions typically, but not always, correspond to the actual count of the referents of the marked noun or pronoun. The word "number" is also used in linguistics to describe the distinction between certain grammatical aspects that indicate the number of times an event occurs, such as the semelfactive aspect, the iterative aspect, etc. For that use of the term, see "Grammatical aspect". Overview Most languages of the world have formal means to express differences of number. One widespread distinction, found in English and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yawar Rural LLG
Yawar Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. The Lower Ramu languages (Ottilien–Misegian) are all spoken in this LLG. Wards *01. Marangis ( Marangis language speakers) *02. Kaiyan (Kaian language speakers) *03. Boroi ( Mbore language speakers) *04. Buliva *05. Daiden *06. Dongan ( Bosmun language speakers) *07. Awar ( Awar language speakers) *08. Nubia *09. Birap *10. Rugusak *11. Ambu *13. Sepa ( Sepen language speakers) *14. Rugasak *15. Banag *16. Giri Tung (Giri language speakers) *17. Damangap *18. Kumnung *19. Minung *20. Kuarak *21. Mikarew ( Mikarew language speakers) *22. Abegini *23. Dinam Adui *24. Apengan *25. Ariangon *26. Amba Arep *27. Aringen Gun *28. Dimuk Sirin *29. Giar Wazamb *30. Andeamarup *31. Duapmung *32. Andarum *33. Ingamuk *34. Barit *35. Kayoma *36. Bang Wokam (Gorovu language Gorovu is a nearly extinct Ramu language of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in the two villages of: *Bangapela village, Bang Wokam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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