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Warsaw Army
The Warszawa Army ( pl, Armia Warszawa) was one of the List of Polish armies in World War II, Polish armies to take part in the Invasion of Poland (1939), Polish Defensive War of 1939. Created on 8 September, eight days after the invasion begun, it was an improvised formation charged with the defence of the Polish Capital (political), capital of Warsaw (Warszawa). Tasks To defend the Polish capital Warsaw in the face of breakthrough by the German forces. Operational history On 3 September 1939 the Minister of the Army (''Min. Spraw Wojskowych''), general Tadeusz Kasprzycki, ordered general Walerian Czuma (the Commander of the Border Guards - ''Straż Graniczna'') to organize a force to defend the city of Warsaw against a German attack. The city had been under constant attack by the Luftwaffe since the early morning of 1 September. Initially the only organized units available to him were four infantry battalions, anti-aircraft artillery and anti-aircraft machine guns detachments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Polish Armies In World War II
The following is a list of Polish Armies during World War II, together with their commanders and brigade and division-sized units. For a more detailed list see: Polish army order of battle in 1939. {, border=0 cellpadding=2 , - , width=10 bgcolor=#bbbbdd, , , Karpaty Army (''Armia Karpaty'')Kazimierz Fabrycy2nd and 3rd Mountain Bdes, 11th Inf.Div, 24th Inf.Div, 38th Inf.Div , - , bgcolor=#bbbbdd, , , Kraków Army (''Armia Kraków'') Antoni Szylling6th, 7th, 21st Mountain, 22nd Mountain, 23rd, 55th Infantry Divisions, 10th Mot., Kraków Cav.Bde., 1st Mountain , - , bgcolor=#bbbbdd, , , Łódź Army (''Armia Łódź'')Juliusz Rómmel, Wiktor Thommée 2nd Legions, 10th, 28th, 30th Infantry Divisions, Wołyńska and Kresowa Cavalry Brigades , - , bgcolor=#bbbbdd, , , Modlin Army (''Armia Modlin'') Emil Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski 8th and 20th Infantry Divisions, Mazowiecka and Nowogródzka Cavalry Brigades, Warsaw BON , - , bgcolor=#bbbbdd, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Armed Forces
The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Siły Zbrojne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, abbreviated ''SZ RP''; popularly called ''Wojsko Polskie'' in Poland, abbreviated ''WP''—roughly, the "Polish Military") are the national armed forces of the Republic of Poland. The name has been used since the early 19th century, but can also be applied to earlier periods. The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland are the Wojska Lądowe ( Polish Land Forces), Marynarka Wojenna ( Polish Navy), Siły Powietrzne ( Polish Air Forces), Wojska Specjalne ( Polish Special Forces) and Wojska Obrony Terytorialnej ( Polish Territorial Defence Force) which are under the command of the Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej ( Ministry of National Defence of Poland). In 2022, Poland ranked 20th in the world in terms of military expenditures and was among the nine NATO member states that have maintained their military spending above the required 2% of annual GDP. In accordance with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Modlin
Modlin Army ( pl, Armia Modlin) was one of the Polish armies that took part in the Polish world war 2 defence of 1939. After heavy casualties in the battle of Mława (September 1–3), the Army was forced to abandon its positions near Warsaw around September 10; eventually it took part in the battle of Tomaszów Mazowiecki (September 21–26) and surrendered afterwards. Tasks Named after Fort Modlin (where its initial headquarters were located), it was officially created on March 23, 1939 with the task of defending the Polish capital of Warsaw and the city of Płock from the north. It took positions near the fortified lines along the border with East Prussia near Mława, and was supposed to retreat in an organized fashion towards the second line of defense towards the Narew and Vistula rivers. Operational history When the Germans invaded on September 1, not all of the planned fortifications had been completed; some of the Army's units (such as the Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juliusz Zulauf
Juliusz Zulauf (August 20, 1891 – May 21, 1943) was a Polish Army brigadier general (''generał brygady''). A recipient of the ''Virtuti Militari'', he fought with distinction during World War I, the Polish-Ukrainian War, the Polish-Soviet War, and the 1939 invasion of Poland. Juliusz Zulauf was born in Lwów, then the capital of Austro-Hungarian Galicia. In 1910, after graduating from a local gymnasium, he joined the Lwów University of Science and Technology. There, at the age of 18, he joined the Związek Walki Czynnej and the Związek Strzelecki. After the outbreak of The Great War, on September 1, 1914, he joined the Polish Legions. In 1915 he was promoted to first lieutenant and then to captain. He commanded a company of infantry in the 2nd Legions Infantry Regiment and then in 5th Infantry Regiment. Wounded in July 1916, during the battle of Opłowa he was taken prisoner of war by the Russians. However, Zulauf managed to escape from captivity and cross the front ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Pomorze
The Pomeranian Army ( pl, Armia Pomorze) was one of the List of Polish armies, Polish armies defending against the 1939 Invasion of Poland. It was officially created on March 23, 1939. Led by Generał dywizji, General dywizji Władysław Bortnowski, it consisted of 5 infantry divisions, 2 National Defense (Poland), National Defence brigades and 1 cavalry brigade. Tasks The Army was tasked to defend Toruń and Bydgoszcz from a possible German attack and to carry out delaying actions in the "Polish Corridor" area. Operational history The Pomorze Army suffered severe losses during the Battle of Tuchola Forest; losing about a third of its strength. In retreat towards Warsaw from September 6, it subordinated itself to Army Poznań and took part in the battle of Bzura (September 9–20). Organization The Army was commanded by General Władysław Bortnowski; his chief of staff was Colonel Ignacy Izdebski. The composition of the Pomorze Army: Maps See also * Polish army order of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Poznań
An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by possessing an army aviation component. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army. In some countries, such as France and China, the term "army", especially in its plural form "armies", has the broader meaning of armed forces as a whole, while retaining the colloquial sense of land forces. To differentiate the colloquial army from the formal concept of military force, the term is qualified, for example in France the land force is called ''Armée de terre'', meaning Land Army, and the air and space force is called ''Armée de l'Air et de l’Espace' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legia Akademicka
The 36th Infantry Regiment of the Academic Legion (Polish ''36 pułk piechoty Legii Akademickiej'', 36pp) was a Polish military unit. Initially made up of students from the University of Warsaw and the Warsaw University of Technology, it fought with distinction in the Polish-Bolshevik War, the Polish Defensive War and in the Warsaw Uprising. The regiment was an all-volunteer force made up of students from Warsaw-based universities on November 11, 1918, that is the day Poland regained her independence. Initially the unit was simply named ''Infantry Regiment of the Academic Legion'' and took part in disarming the Austro-Hungarian and German soldiers remaining on Polish territory. Accepted formally into the Polish Army on December 3, it was renamed the ''36th Infantry Regiment'' and on April 5, 1919, it was allowed to retain its former name as an honorary title. The regiment were sworn on December 13 and on January 4, 1919, it left Warsaw for Lwów, which was then under siege by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Poznan
An army (from Old French ''armee'', itself derived from the Latin verb ''armāre'', meaning "to arm", and related to the Latin noun ''arma'', meaning "arms" or "weapons"), ground force or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by possessing an army aviation component. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army. In some countries, such as France and China, the term "army", especially in its plural form "armies", has the broader meaning of armed forces as a whole, while retaining the colloquial sense of land forces. To differentiate the colloquial army from the formal concept of military force, the term is qualified, for example in France the land force is called ''Armée de terre'', meaning Land Army, and the air and space force is called ''Armée de l'Air et de l’Espace' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tadeusz Kutrzeba
Tadeusz Kutrzeba (15 April 1885 – 8 January 1947) was a general of the army during the Second Polish Republic. He served as a major general in the Polish Army in overall command of Army Poznań during the 1939 German Invasion of Poland. :pl:Tadeusz Kutrzeba Biography Tadeusz Kutrzeba was born in Kraków, a part of Austria-Hungary, since the 1795 partition of Poland. His father was a captain in the Imperial Austrian Army. In 1896, he was admitted to a military school for children in Fischau near Wiener Neustadt. He then continued his studies in the city of Hranice. Kutrzeba completed his secondary education in 1903. He graduated with distinction from the Imperial and Royal Technical Military Academy in Mödling and was commissioned as a second lieutenant, in an explosives ordnance unit. On account of his performance in school, he was given the option of choosing the location of his first posting. He chose to return to his native Kraków where he was posted from 1906 to 1910. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksander Pragłowski
Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander and Aleksandr. Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexandre, Aleks, Aleksa and Sander; feminine forms include Alexandra, Alexandria, and Sasha. Etymology The name ''Alexander'' originates from the (; 'defending men' or 'protector of men'). It is a compound of the verb (; 'to ward off, avert, defend') and the noun (, genitive: , ; meaning 'man'). It is an example of the widespread motif of Greek names expressing "battle-prowess", in this case the ability to withstand or push back an enemy battle line. The earliest attested form of the name, is the Mycenaean Greek feminine anthroponym , , (/ Alexandra/), written in the Linear B syllabic script. Alaksandu, alternatively called ''Alakasandu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kampinos Forest
Kampinos Forest () is a large forest complex located in Masovian Voivodeship, west of Warsaw in Poland. It covers a part of the ancient valley of the Vistula basin, between the Vistula and the Bzura rivers. Once a forest covering 670 km2 of central Poland, it currently covers roughly 240 km2. Kampinos National Park Most of the Kampinos forest is currently protected within Kampinos National Park (''Kampinoski Park Narodowy''). Among the distinctive features of the area is a combination of sandy dunes and marshes, with dense pine and spruce forest. The forest is a Natura 2000 EU Special Protection Area A Special Protection Area (SPA) is a designation under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Under the Directive, Member States of the European Union (EU) have a duty to safeguard the habitats of migratory birds and certa .... See also * * Special Protection Areas in Poland * External links Forests of Poland Geography of Masovian Voivo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Bzura
The Battle of the Bzura (or the Battle of Kutno) was the largest Polish counter-attack of the German invasion of Poland and was fought from 9 to 19 September.''The Second World War: An Illustrated History '', Putnam, 1975, Google Print snippet (p.38)/ref>Sources vary regarding the end date, with some giving 18 September and others 19 September. Brockhaus Multimedial Lexikon gives 19 September 1939 as to the battle's end date. The battle took place west of Warsaw, near the Bzura River. It began as a Polish counter-offensive, which gained initial success, but the Germans outflanked the Polish forces with a concentrated counter-attack. That weakened Polish forces and the Poznań and Pomorze Armies were destroyed. Western Poland was now under German occupation.Zaloga, S.J., ''Poland 1939'', Oxford, Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2002, The battle has been described as "the bloodiest and most bitter battle of the entire Polish campaign". Winston Churchill called the battle an "ever-gloriou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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