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Walther Schubring
Walter Schubring (10 December 1881 – 13 April 1969) was a German Indologist who studied Jain canons written in Prakrit and wrote several major translations. Earlier western works on Jainism had mostly examined later texts in Sanskrit. Schubring was born in Lübeck where his father Julius was headmaster of the Katharineum. He matriculated from the Katharineum in 1900. He discovered a dictionary of Sanskrit in the library of his father which imbued an early interest in oriental languages. He then went to Munich and Strassburg Universities, receiving a doctorate in 1904 under the supervision of Ernst Leumann with a dissertation on the ''Kalpasutra'' (rules for Jain monks). He then worked as a librarian at Berlin and habilitated in 1918 with a monograph on the Mahānisīha-Sutta. In 1920 he succeed Sten Konow as professor at the University of Hamburg. He cataloged Jain texts in European libraries, studied Śvetāmbara Jainism and wrote another work on the teaching of the Jainas in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indology
Indology, also known as South Asian studies, is the academic study of the History of India, history and Culture of India, cultures, Languages of South Asia, languages, and Indian literature, literature of the Indian subcontinent, and as such is a subset of Asian studies. The term ''Indology'' (in German, ''Indologie'') is often associated with German scholarship, and is used more commonly in departmental titles in German and continental European universities than in the anglophone academy. In the Netherlands, the term ''Indologie'' was used to designate the study of Indian history and culture in preparation for colonial service in the Dutch East Indies. Classical Indology majorly includes the linguistic studies of Sanskrit literature, Pāli and Tamil literature, as well as study of Dharmic religions (like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, etc.). Some of the regional specializations under South Asian studies include: * Bengali studies — study of culture and languages of History of Ben ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jainism
Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religions, Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of ''Dharma''), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third ''tirthankara'' Parshvanatha, whom historians date to the 9th century BCE, and the twenty-fourth ''tirthankara'' Mahāvīra, Mahavira, around 600 BCE. Jainism is considered to be an eternal ''dharma'' with the ''tirthankaras'' guiding every time cycle of the Jain cosmology, cosmology. The three main pillars of Jainism are ''Ahimsa in Jainism, ahiṃsā'' (non-violence), ''anekāntavāda'' (non-absolutism), and ''aparigraha'' (asceticism). Jain monks, after positioning themselves in the sublime state of soul consciousness, take five main vows: ''ahiṃsā'' (non-violence), ''satya'' (truth), ''Achourya, asteya'' (not stealing), ''b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prakrit
The Prakrits (; sa, prākṛta; psu, 𑀧𑀸𑀉𑀤, ; pka, ) are a group of vernacular Middle Indo-Aryan languages that were used in the Indian subcontinent from around the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE. The term Prakrit is usually applied to the middle period of Middle Indo-Aryan languages, excluding earlier inscriptions and the later Pali. ''Prākṛta'' literally means "natural", as opposed to ''saṃskṛta'', which literally means "constructed" or "refined". Prakrits were considered the regional spoken (informal) languages of people, and Sanskrit was considered the standardized (formal) language used for literary, official and religious purposes across Indian kingdoms of the subcontinent. Literary registers of Prakrits were also used contemporaneously (predominantly by śramaṇa traditions) alongside Classical Sanskrit of higher social classes. Etymology The dictionary of Monier Monier-Williams (1819–1899), and other modern authors however, interpret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lübeck
Lübeck (; Low German also ), officially the Hanseatic City of Lübeck (german: Hansestadt Lübeck), is a city in Northern Germany. With around 217,000 inhabitants, Lübeck is the second-largest city on the German Baltic coast and in the state of Schleswig-Holstein, after its capital of Kiel, and is the 35th-largest city in Germany. The city lies in Holstein, northeast of Hamburg, on the mouth of the River Trave, which flows into the Bay of Lübeck in the borough of Travemünde, and on the Trave's tributary Wakenitz. The city is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region, and is the southwesternmost city on the Baltic, as well as the closest point of access to the Baltic from Hamburg. The port of Lübeck is the second-largest German Baltic port after the port of Rostock. The city lies in the Northern Low Saxon dialect area of Low German. Lübeck is famous for having been the cradle and the ''de facto'' capital of the Hanseatic League. Its city centre is Germany's most extens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julius Schubring
Johannes Julius Schubring (28 March 1839, Dessau – 5 June 1914) was a German classical scholar, known for his studies on the archaeological topography of Sicily. He was the son of the clergyman Julius Schubring (1806–1889), friend of Felix Mendelssohn, for whom he wrote the librettos of the oratorios ''St. Paul'' and ''Elijah''. From 1857 to 1862 he obtained his education at the universities of Erlangen, Bonn and Göttingen, and afterwards spent several years working as a tutor in Sicily. In 1868 he was appointed head teacher at the Katharineum in Lübeck, where in 1880 he succeeded Johann Friedrich Breier (1813–1880) as director. Thomas Mann portrayed Julius Schubring in his first novel, ''Buddenbrooks'' as the head teacher, Prof. Wulicke. Selected works * ''Achradina. Ein Beitrag zur Stadtgeschichte von Syrakus'', 1865 – Achradina: a contribution to the local history of Syracuse. * ''Sicilische Studien. - Kamikos - Trickala - Caltabellotta'', 1866 – Sicil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katharineum
The Katharineum zu Lübeck is a humanistic gymnasium founded 1531 in the Hanseatic city Lübeck, Germany. In 2006 the 475th anniversary of this Latin school was celebrated with several events. The school uses the buildings of a former Franciscan monastery next to Saint Catherine Church, which was extended in the 1880s. At the Katharineum it is possible to choose Latin as the first foreign language. In year nine it is also possible to choose ancient Greek as the third foreign language. Thomas Mann, himself a student of the Katharineum, thought of this school when describing the school ''Hanno'' went to in the Buddenbrooks. Mann, who as a bad student had to resit two years, made it clear that he disliked the Katharineum by describing both the school and the teachers with strong sarcasm. His brother Heinrich Mann described the school and one infamous teacher in Professor Unrat. Notable students Image:Stamp of Germany.Werner von Siemens,1992.jpg, Werner von Siemens Ernst Wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Leumann
Ernst Leumann (11 April 1859 – 24 April 1931) was a Swiss jainologist, pioneer of the research of Jainism and Turkestan languages whose work is in consideration even today. Career His studies on linguistics in Zürich and Geneva and of Sanskrit in Leipzig and Berlin were followed by his doctorate in 1881 in Strasbourg. His dissertation was (''Etymological Dictionary of the Sanskrit Language''). 1882–84 working on ''Sanskrit-English Dictionary'' in Oxford.Monier-Williams: Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1899 1884 Professor in Frauenfeld (Schweiz). 1884 Professor of Sanskrit at University Strasbourg. In 1909–10 he was dean. 1919 became honorary professor in Freiburg.Ernst Leumann had to leave Strasbourg after WW1 when Strasbourg became French territory again Publications Author *Beziehungen der Jaina-Literatur zu anderen Literaturkreisen Indiens (Relations of Jain literature to other literature of India) *Übersicht über die Āvaśyaka-Literatur Gl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sten Konow
Sten Konow. Sten Konow (17 April 1867 – 29 June 1948) was a Norwegian Indologist. He was professor of Indic philology at the Christiania University, Oslo, from 1910, moving to Hamburg University in 1914, where he was professor for Indian history and culture. He returned to Oslo as professor for Indian languages and history in 1919. He was a specialist on the Tibeto-Burmese languages. Konow was born in Sør-Aurdal in Oppland where his father Wollert Otto Konow (1833–95) was a parish priest married to Henrikka Christiane Johanne Molde Wolff (1841–1927). Konow studied art, graduating from Lillehammer in 1884. He then studied in Kristiania before movingt to Halle and worked in the Oslo University library for some time. In 1890 he collated a Norwegian lexicon. He returned to studies in Indian philology at the University of Halle under Richard Pischel and received a doctorate in 1893 with studies on the Sāmavidhānabrāhmana. He worked in Berlin from 1894 to 1896 and returne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank-Richard Hamm
Frank-Richard Hamm (8 October 1920 — 11 November 1973) was a 20th-century Indologist and Tibetologist. Frank-Richard Hamm was born on 8 October 1920 in Königsberg. His family moved to Hamburg two years later where he graduated from the Kirchenpauer Gymnasium in 1939. From shortly after beginning university in 1940 until 1945 he served in the military. He completed his undergraduate studies in 1948. From 1948 to 1952 he was a tutor of Indology at Hamburg, and from 1952 to 1954 he was a member of the International Academy of Indian Culture in Nagpur, India. He worked as an academic in Hamburg, Berlin, and Bonn, where he remained as a professor from 1965 until his death. His works were devoted to Jainism Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of ''Dharma''), with the first in the current time cycle bein ..., the transmission of Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Dumont
Louis Charles Jean Dumont (11 August 1911 – 19 November 1998) was a French anthropologist. Dumont was born in Thessaloniki, in the Salonica Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. He taught at Oxford University during the 1950s, and was then director of the ''École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales'' (EHESS) in Paris. A specialist on the cultures and societies of India, Dumont also studied western social philosophy and ideologies. Works His works include '' Homo Hierarchicus: Essai sur le système des castes'' (1966), ''From Mandeville to Marx: The Genesis and Triumph of Economic Ideology'' (1977) and ''Essais sur l'individualisme: Une perspective anthropologique sur l'idéologie moderne'' (1983), in which he contrasts holism with individualism. Dumont died, aged 87, in Paris. See also *Alliance theory The alliance theory, also known as the general theory of exchanges, is a structuralist method of studying kinship relations. It finds its origins in Claude Lévi-Straus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Lüders
Heinrich Lüders (25 June 1869 in Lübeck – 7 May 1943 in Badenweiler) was a German Orientalist and Indologist known for his epigraphical analysis of the Sanskrit Turfan fragmentary manuscripts. Biography From 1888 to 1894, he studied at the universities of Munich and Göttingen, and afterwards worked as an assistant curator and librarian in the Indian Institute at Oxford University. In 1898, he became an associate professor at Göttingen, then five years later relocated to Rostock, where in 1905 he was named professor of Indo-European linguistics and Sanskrit. In 1909, he was appointed professor of ancient Indian languages and literature at the University of Berlin, where in 1931–32 he served as academic rector. In 1935, he retired from teaching and devoted himself entirely to research.Lüders, Heinrich Catalogus Professorum Rostochien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI) is located in Pune, Maharashtra, India. It was founded on 6 July 1917 and named after Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar (1837–1925), long regarded as the founder of Indology (Orientalism) in India. The institute is well known for its collection of old Sanskrit and Prakrit manuscripts. The institute This institute is of a public trust registered under Act XXI of 1860. Initially, the institute received an annual grant of 3,000 rupees from the government of Bombay. Presently, it is partially supported by annual grants from the government of Maharashtra. The institute also receives grants from the government of India and the University Grants Commission for specific research projects. The institute has one of the largest collections of rare books and manuscripts in South Asia, consisting of over 125,000 books and 29,510 manuscripts. The institute publishes a journal, ''Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute'', four time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
