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Wallaceina
''Wallaceina'' is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. This generic name is a replacement name for ''Proteomonas'' Podlipaev, Frolov et Kolesnikov, 1990 because the latter ''Proteomonas'' was already attributed to a cryptomonad. ''Wallaceina'' is a Patronym (taxonomy)#Naming process, taxonomic patronym honoring the protistologist Franklin G. Wallace, a pioneer in the modern taxonomy of trypanosomatids. ''Wallaceina'' is a Monoxenous development, monoxenous parasite of insects. Other one-host trypanosomatids from hemipteran and dipteran insects have been traditionally placed in genera ''Blastocrithidia'', ''Crithidia'', ''Leptomonas moramango , Leptomonas'', ''Herpetomonas'', and ''Rhynchoidomonas''. ''Wallaceina'' is characterized by Trypanosomatida#Morphologies, endomastigote morphological forms, whereas Trypanosomatida#Morphologies, epimastigotes and Trypanosomatida#Morphologies, opisthomastigotes are features of the genera ''Blasto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallaceina Raviniae
''Wallaceina raviniae'' is a species of Monoxenous development, monoxenous trypanosomatid. It is known to parasitise ''Brachycera'' flies, and was first found in Ecuador. Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of 18S ribosomal RNA and glycosome, glycosomal GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase sequences of trypanosomatid taxa suggest ''Wallaceina raviniae'' be reassigned to the newly proposed genus ''Wallacemonas''. References External links * Parasitic excavates Trypanosomatida Protists described in 2014 {{parasite-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crithidia
''Crithidia'' is a genus of trypanosomatid Euglenozoa. They are parasites that exclusively parasitise arthropods, mainly insects. They pass from host to host as cysts in infective faeces and typically, the parasites develop in the digestive tracts of insects and interact with the intestinal epithelium using their flagellum. They display very low host-specificity and a single parasite can infect a large range of invertebrate hosts. At different points in its life-cycle, it passes through amastigote, promastigote, and epimastigote phases; the last is particularly characteristic, and similar stages in other trypanosomes are often called crithidial. The etymology of the genus name ''Crithidia'' derives from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning "small grain of barley". Species * '' Crithidia bombi'' is perhaps the most well documented species and is the most prevalent parasite of bumblebees, including common species like ''Bombus terrestris'', '' Bombus muscorum'', and ''Bombus ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blastocrithidia
''Blastocrithidia'' is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. It is a monoxenous parasite of heteropteran insects, mainly inhabiting their hindgut and glands. Characteristics In addition to ''Blastocrithidia'', one-host trypanosomatids from hemipteran and dipteran insects have been traditionally placed in genera '' Crithidia'', ''Leptomonas'', '' Herpetomonas'', '' Rhynchoidomonas'', and '' Wallaceina''. ''Blastocrithidia'' is characterized by epimastigote morphological forms, whereas opisthomastigotes and endomastigotes are exclusive features of the genera ''Herpetomonas'' and ''Wallaceina'', respectively. ''Blastocrithidia'' is also able to produce resistant cysts. Systematics The etymology of the genus name ''Blastocrithidia'' derives from the two Ancient Greek words (), meaning "sprout, scion, child or descendant", and (), meaning "small grain of barley". The genus includes the following species. * '' Blastocrithidia c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trypanosomatida
Trypanosomatida is a group of kinetoplastid excavates distinguished by having only a single flagellum. The name is derived from the Greek ''trypano'' (borer) and ''soma'' (body) because of the corkscrew-like motion of some trypanosomatid species. All members are exclusively parasitic, found primarily in insects. A few genera have life-cycles involving a secondary host, which may be a vertebrate, invertebrate or plant. These include several species that cause major diseases in humans. Some trypanosomatida are intracellular parasites, with the important exception of Trypanosoma brucei. Medical importance The three major human diseases caused by trypanosomatids are; African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness, caused by ''Trypanosoma brucei'' and transmitted by tsetse flies), South American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease, caused by '' T. cruzi'' and transmitted by triatomine bugs), and leishmaniasis (a set of trypanosomal diseases caused by various species of ''Leishmania'' trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptomonas Moramango
''Leptomonas moramango'' is a species of monoxenous trypanosomatid. It is known to parasitise ''Brachycera The Brachycera are a suborder of the order Diptera. It is a major suborder consisting of around 120 families. Their most distinguishing characteristic is reduced antenna segmentation. Description A summary of the main physical characteristics i ...'' flies, and was first found in Madagascar. References Further reading * External links * Parasitic excavates Parasites of Diptera Trypanosomatida {{parasite-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoxenous Development
Monoxenous development, or monoxeny, characterizes a parasite whose development is restricted to a single host species. The etymology of the terms monoxeny / monoxenous derives from the two ancient Greek words (), meaning "unique", and (), meaning "foreign". In a monoxenous life cycle, the parasitic species may be strictly host specific (using only a single host species, such as gregarines) or not (e.g. ''Eimeria'', ''Coccidia Coccidia (Coccidiasina) are a subclass of microscopic, spore-forming, single-celled obligate intracellular parasites belonging to the apicomplexan class Conoidasida. As obligate intracellular parasites, they must live and reproduce within an a ...''). References External links xeno-, xen- word info Parasitism {{parasite-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemipteran
Hemiptera (; ) is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, bed bugs, and shield bugs. They range in size from to around , and share a common arrangement of piercing-sucking mouthparts. The name "true bugs" is often limited to the suborder Heteroptera. Entomologists reserve the term ''bug'' for Hemiptera or Heteroptera,Gilbert Waldbauer. ''The Handy Bug Answer Book.'' Visible Ink, 1998p. 1. which does not include other arthropods or insects of other orders such as ants, bees, beetles, or butterflies. In some variations of English, all terrestrial arthropods (including non-insect arachnids, and myriapods) also fall under the colloquial understanding of ''bug''. Many insects with "bug" in their common name, especially in American English, belong to other orders; for example, the lovebug is a fly and the Maybug and ladybug are beetles. The term is also occas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dipteran
Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced mechanosensory organs known as halteres, which act as high-speed sensors of rotational movement and allow dipterans to perform advanced aerobatics. Diptera is a large order containing an estimated 1,000,000 species including horse-flies, crane flies, hoverflies and others, although only about 125,000 species have been described. Flies have a mobile head, with a pair of large compound eyes, and mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking (mosquitoes, black flies and robber flies), or for lapping and sucking in the other groups. Their wing arrangement gives them great maneuverability in flight, and claws and pads on their feet enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Flies undergo complete metamorphosis; the eggs are often laid on the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patronym (taxonomy)
A species description is a formal description of a newly discovered species, usually in the form of a scientific paper. Its purpose is to give a clear description of a new species of organism and explain how it differs from species that have been described previously or are related. In order for species to be validly described, they need to follow guidelines established over time. Zoological naming requires adherence to the ICZN code, plants, the ICN, viruses ICTV, and so on. The species description often contains photographs or other illustrations of type material along with a note on where they are deposited. The publication in which the species is described gives the new species a formal scientific name. Some 1.9 million species have been identified and described, out of some 8.7 million that may actually exist. Millions more have become extinct throughout the existence of life on Earth. Naming process A name of a new species becomes valid (available in zoolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptomonad
The cryptomonads (or cryptophytes) are a group of algae, most of which have plastids. They are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats. Each cell is around 10–50 μm in size and flattened in shape, with an anterior groove or pocket. At the edge of the pocket there are typically two slightly unequal flagella. Some may exhibit mixotrophy. Characteristics Cryptomonads are distinguished by the presence of characteristic extrusomes called ejectosomes, which consist of two connected spiral ribbons held under tension. If the cells are irritated either by mechanical, chemical or light stress, they discharge, propelling the cell in a zig-zag course away from the disturbance. Large ejectosomes, visible under the light microscope, are associated with the pocket; smaller ones occur underneath the periplast, the cryptophyte-specific cell surrounding. Except for the class ''Goniomonadea'', which lacks plastids entirely, and ''Cryptomonas paramecium'' (previo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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