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Waldsteinburg
The Waldsteinburg, also called the Red Castle (german: Rotes Schloss) is a ruined castle on the summit of the Großer Waldstein in the Fichtel Mountains of Germany. It is also known as the ''Westburg'' ('west castle') to distinguish it from the older ruins of the '' Ostburg'' ('east castle'). History The aforementioned ''Westburg'', first recorded in 1350, was built to replace the older '' Ostburg'', which no longer met the requirements for a defensive fortification. Its builders and owners were the knights of Sparneck. House of Sparneck For centuries the lords of Sparneck ruled over a territory, which corresponded roughly to the former district of Münchberg. Waldstein Castle was an integral part of the estate of this once powerful family. The most famous member on the Waldstein was Rüdiger von Sparneck (ca. 1300-1364/68), who in 1336 was elected count palatine of Eger. When the King of Bohemia was crowned as Emperor Charles IV, the centre of power of the Holy Roman Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Großer Waldstein
The Großer Waldstein is part of the Waldstein range in the Fichtel Mountains of Germany. It is known primarily for its rock formations caused by spheroidal weathering, its ruined castles and the only remaining bear trap (''Bärenfang'') in the region. Location and description The Großer Waldstein () is a mountain in the northern part of the Fichtel Mountain Horseshoe. Its summit area is covered by mixed forest with old stands of beech and huge rock piles, and the whole area is a designated nature reserve (). Marked hiking trails lead from all points of the compass to the mountain, and public roads run from Weißenstadt or Sparneck to the area of the summit. At the top is a lodging house owned by the Fichtelgebirge Club, the ''Waldsteinhaus'', from which there is an interesting walk around the summit area. The Jean Paul Way also crosses the Großer Waldstein. The Kleiner Waldstein and Hoher Stein are other rock formations on the Bergkopf. At the Großer Wal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sparneck Family
The House of Sparneck was a local noble family in Franconia. The family is known to exist from 1223 to 1744 and was named after the market village of Sparneck. One of their first castles was the Waldsteinburg; further castles were located in Sparneck, Weißdorf, Stockenroth, Uprode near Weißdorf, Stein near Gefrees, Hallerstein (now part of Schwarzenbach an der Saale) and Gattendorf. Their homeland corresponds to the old district of Münchberg, now part of the district of Hof. The family is directly related to the Houses of Bibra, Gravenreuth, Guttenberg, Kotzau, Künsberg, Notthafft, Pappenheim, Reitzenstein and Zedtwitz. As a consequence of supporting the robber baron Thomas von Absberg, they were forced to give up their origin lands and moved to Upper Palatinate, keeping only few fiefs, the so-called ''Afterlehen'', e.g. in Bernstein near Wunsiedel and Dörflas, now a part of Marktredwitz. For two generations they can be found in Libá. At last they owned manor house ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zell Im Fichtelgebirge
Zell im Fichtelgebirge, formerly Zell (official name until July 2007) is a market town in the district of Hof in Bavaria in Germany. Geography The heart of the market parish lies between the towns of Hof and Bayreuth, about 5 km from the B 2 federal road and about 10 km from the A 9 motorway. The River Saale rises on the Waldstein ridge in the Fichtelgebirge The Fichtel MountainsRandlesome, C. et al. (2011). ''Business Cultures in Europe'', 2nd ed., Routledge, Abingdon and New York, p. 52. . (german: Fichtelgebirge, cs, Smrčiny), form a small horseshoe-shaped mountain range in northeastern Bavaria ... near Zell im Fichtelgebirge. The surrounding area may explored on some 30 kilometres of signposted hiking trails. References Hof (district) {{Hofdistrict-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reichstag (Holy Roman Empire)
The Imperial Diet ( la, Dieta Imperii Comitium Imperiale; german: Reichstag) was the deliberative body of the Holy Roman Empire. It was not a legislative body in the contemporary sense; its members envisioned it more like a central forum where it was more important to negotiate than to decide. Its members were the Imperial Estates, divided into three colleges. The diet as a permanent, regularized institution evolved from the ''Hoftage'' (court assemblies) of the Middle Ages. From 1663 until the end of the empire in 1806, it was in permanent session at Regensburg. All Imperial Estates enjoyed immediacy and, therefore, they had no authority above them besides the Holy Roman Emperor himself. While all the estates were entitled to a seat and vote, only the higher temporal and spiritual princes of the College of Princes enjoyed an individual vote (''Virilstimme''), while lesser estates such as imperial counts and imperial abbots, were merely entitled to a collective vote (''Kuriatst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Absberg Family
Absberg was a local noble family in Franconia. History The family received its name from the village of Absberg, today located in the district Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen in Middle Franconia. Famous members of the family were ''Henry IV of Absberg'', Bishop of Regensburg, and Thomas von Absberg, a robber baron who kidnapped important travellers such as royal legates or merchants from Nuremberg or Augsburg. To punish the behaviour of Thomas of Absberg the Swabian League destroyed the family's castle seat in 1523. This was documented in a woodcut Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking. An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts. Areas tha ... by Hans Wandereisen. The family died out in 1647. References * Reinhardt Schmalz: ''Der Fränkische Krieg 1523 und die Schuld der Sparnecker''. In: ''Archiv für die Geschichte von Ober ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Ban
The imperial ban (german: Reichsacht) was a form of outlawry in the Holy Roman Empire. At different times, it could be declared by the Holy Roman Emperor, by the Imperial Diet, or by courts like the League of the Holy Court (''Vehmgericht'') or the ''Reichskammergericht''. People under imperial ban, known as ''Geächtete'' (from about the 17th century, colloquially also as ''Vogelfreie'', lit. "free as a bird"), lost all their rights and possessions. They were legally considered dead, and anyone was allowed to rob, injure, or kill them without legal consequences. The imperial ban automatically followed the excommunication of a person, as well as extending to anyone offering help to a person under the imperial ban. Those banned could reverse the ban by submitting to the legal authority. The ''Aberacht'', a stronger version of the imperial ban, could not be reversed. The imperial ban was sometimes imposed on whole Imperial Estates. In that case, other estates could attack and seek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V, french: Charles Quint, it, Carlo V, nl, Karel V, ca, Carles V, la, Carolus V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain (Crown of Castile, Castile and Crown of Aragon, Aragon) from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555. He was heir to and then head of the rising House of Habsburg during the first half of the 16th century, his dominions in Europe included the Holy Roman Empire, extending from Kingdom of Germany, Germany to Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire), northern Italy with direct rule over the Austrian hereditary lands and the Burgundian Low Countries, and Habsburg Spain, Spain with its southern Italy, southern Italian possessions of Kingdom of Naples, Naples, Kingdom of Sicily, Sicily, and Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia. He oversaw both the continuation of the long-lasting Spanish colonization of the Americas and the short-live ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swabian League
The Swabian League (''Schwäbischer Bund'') was a mutual defence and peace keeping association of Imperial State, Imperial Estates – free Imperial cities, prelates, principalities and knights – principally in the territory of the early medieval stem duchy of Duchy of Swabia, Swabia established on 14 February 1488. The religious revolution of the Protestant Reformation divided its members, and the Swabian League disbanded in 1534. History The Swabian League was established in 1488 at the behest of Emperor Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick III of Habsburg and supported as well by Bertold von Henneberg-Römhild, Bertold von Henneberg-Römhild, archbishop of Mainz, whose conciliar rather than monarchic view of the ''Reich'' often put him at odds with Frederick's successor Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian. The Swabian League cooperated towards the keeping of the imperial peace and at least in the beginning curbing the expansionist History of Bavaria, Bavaria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Oettingen
The House of Oettingen was a high-rank noble Franconian and Swabian family. It ruled various estates that composed the County of Oettingen between the 12th century and the beginning of the 19th century. In 1674 the house was raised to the rank of prince for the first time. Despite the extinction of their lands following the German mediatisation of 1806, the family retained their titles and still have representatives today. Origins The Oettingen family traces its descent back to ''Fridericus comes'', documented in 987, and his father Sieghard V. (''Sigehardus comes in pago Riezzin'' - Sieghard, Count in Riesgau) from the Sieghardinger family , documented in 1007. These are also considered to be the ancestors of the Staufers . The Oettingen family was first mentioned in 1147 with ''Ludovicus comes de Otingen'', a relative of the Imperial House of Hohenstaufen who was granted the county surrounding the Imperial city of Nördlingen as a fief, possibly with his brother ''Chuno comes d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hahnenkamm (Altmühltal)
Hahnenkamm (means "comb") may refer to *Hahnenkamm (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft), a federation of municipalities in Bavaria, Germany * Hahnenkamm, Greenland, a mountain in the Stauning Alps, Greenland *Hahnenkamm, Kitzbühel The Hahnenkamm is a mountain in Europe, directly southwest of Kitzbühel in the Kitzbühel Alps of Austria. The elevation of its summit is above sea level. The Hahnenkamm (''German'': rooster's comb) is part of the ski resort of Kitzbühel, an ..., a mountain in Tyrol, Austria * Hahnenkamm, Reutte, another mountain in Tyrol, Austria * Hahnenkamm, Spessart, a mountain in the Spessart, Germany {{disambig, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merchant
A merchant is a person who trades in commodities produced by other people, especially one who trades with foreign countries. Historically, a merchant is anyone who is involved in business or trade. Merchants have operated for as long as industry, commerce, and trade have existed. In 16th-century Europe, two different terms for merchants emerged: referred to local traders (such as bakers and grocers) and ( nl, koopman) referred to merchants who operated on a global stage, importing and exporting goods over vast distances and offering added-value services such as credit and finance. The status of the merchant has varied during different periods of history and among different societies. In modern times, the term ''merchant'' has occasionally been used to refer to a businessperson or someone undertaking activities (commercial or industrial) for the purpose of generating profit, cash flow, sales, and revenue using a combination of human, financial, intellectual and physical capit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franconia
Franconia (german: Franken, ; Franconian dialect: ''Franggn'' ; bar, Frankn) is a region of Germany, characterised by its culture and Franconian dialect (German: ''Fränkisch''). The three administrative regions of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia (largest cities, respectively: Würzburg, Nuremberg and Bamberg) in the State of Bavaria are part of the cultural region of Franconia, as are the adjacent Franconian-speaking South Thuringia, south of the Rennsteig ridge (largest city: Suhl), Heilbronn-Franconia (largest city: Schwäbisch Hall) in the state of Baden-Württemberg, and small parts of the state of Hesse. Those parts of the Vogtland lying in the state of Saxony (largest city: Plauen) are sometimes regarded as Franconian as well, because the Vogtlandian dialects are mostly East Franconian. The inhabitants of Saxon Vogtland, however, mostly do not consider themselves as Franconian. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Hessian-speaking parts of Lower Franconia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
