|
Wakatobi National Park
Wakatobi National Park is a marine national park in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The name of Wakatobi is a portmanteau of the four main Tukangbesi Islands: Wangi-wangi, Kaledupa, Tomia, and Binongko.Lestari Hutan Indonesia Since 2005 the park is listed as a tentative . Location and topography Wakatobi National Park is located south-east of Sulawesi, between 05°12’-06°10’S and 123°20’-124°39’E, between the to the north-east and the |
Wakatobi Regency
Wakatobi Regency is a group of ''ca.'' 150 islands forming an administrative regency located in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The four largest islands are Wangi-wangi, Kaledupa, Binongko and Tomia. The capital of the regency is located on Wangi-wangi Island, and was established by virtue of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 29 of 2003 dated 18 December 2003. The regency has an area of 473.62 square kilometres and had a population of 92,922 at the 2010 Census and 111,402 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 113,122. Wakatobi is also the name of a national park established in 1996, with a total area of 1.39 million hectares that consists of marine biodiversity hotspot known as Wallacea and coral reefs, which condition and scale occupy one of the highest priorities of marine conservation in Indonesia. The Wakatobi Islands are a part of the Coral Triangle, which contains one of the richest marine biodiversity on earth. History of Region Before becoming ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Sea
The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, translit=Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; or ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ''Phiom Enhah'' or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ ''Phiom ǹšari''; Tigrinya: ቀይሕ ባሕሪ ''Qeyih Bahri''; ) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. Its connection to the ocean is in the south, through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. To its north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal). It is underlain by the Red Sea Rift, which is part of the Great Rift Valley. The Red Sea has a surface area of roughly 438,000 km2 (169,100 mi2), is about 2250 km (1398 mi) long, and — at its widest point — 355 km (220.6 mi) wide. It has an average depth of 490 m (1,608 ft), and in the central ''Suakin Trough'' it reaches its maximum depth of . The Red Sea also has exten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubastraea
''Tubastraea'', also known as sun coral or sun polyps, is a genus of coral in the phylum Cnidaria. It is a cup coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. Description ''Sun corals'' belong to a group of corals known as large-polyp stony corals. This means that while they produce a hard skeleton, they do not build reefs. Different species have polyps in a variety of colors, including yellow, orange, and shades of black. Feeding Unlike most shallow water corals, ''Sun corals'' are not photosynthetic. ''Tubastraea'' do not host zooxanthellae, the symbiotic algae that provides energy to the coral via photosynthesis. Instead, they are heterotrophic, and extend long tentacles at night to catch passing zooplankton; their large polyp size allows them to take relatively large zooplankton. Habitat ''Tubastraea coccinea'' was first documented in 1943 on Caribbean reefs in Curaçao and Puerto Rico. ''T. coccinea'' is an invasive species that was documented to have spread as far north as the Flori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euphyllia Glabrescens
''Euphyllia glabrescens'' is a species of large-polyped stony coral belonging to the family Caryophylliidae. Its common name is the torch coral due to its long sweeper tentacles tipped with potent cnidocytes. It is a commonly kept species in the marine aquarium hobby, particularly specimens from Indonesia and Fiji, who fulfilled annual export quotas of 28,000 and 6,000 pieces, respectively, in 2005. Description ''Euphyllia glabrescens'' is a colonial coral with a phaceloid formation of corallites 20-30 millimeters (0.8 - 1.2 inches) in diameter and spaced 15-30 millimeters (0.6 - 1.2 inches) apart. Walls are thin, with sharp edges. Polyps have large tubular tentacles with knob-like tips. It can be a number of colors, and is often bicolored with contrasting tentacles and polyp tips. File:Euphyllia glabrescens (Hard coral) with polyps extended.jpg, Green, yellow tipped File:Euphyllia glabrescens Hulhudhoo.JPG, Beige, green tipped File:Euphyllia glabrescens.jpg, Beige, white tippe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platygyra
''Platygyra'' is a genus of stony corals in the family Merulinidae. Species The following species are currently recognized: *'' Platygyra acuta'' Veron, 2002 *''Platygyra carnosus ''Platygyra'' is a genus (biology), genus of Scleractinia, stony corals in the family (biology), family Merulinidae. Species The following species are currently recognized: *''Platygyra acuta'' Veron, 2002 *''Platygyra carnosus'' Veron, 2002 * ...'' Veron, 2002 *'' Platygyra contorta'' Veron, 1990 *'' Platygyra crosslandi'' (Matthai, 1928) *'' Platygyra daedalea'' (Ellis & Solander, 1786) *'' Platygyra lamellina'' (Ehrenberg, 1834) *'' Platygyra pini'' Chevalier, 1975 *'' Platygyra ryukyuensis'' Yabe & Sugiyama, 1935 *'' Platygyra sinensis'' (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) *'' Platygyra verweyi'' Wijsman-Best, 1976 *'' Platygyra yaeyamaensis'' (Eguchi & Shirai, 1977) References External links * * Merulinidae Scleractinia genera Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg {{scler ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merulina
''Merulina'' is a genus of stony corals in the family Merulinidae. Members of this genus are native to the Indo-Pacific region and their ranges extend from the Red Sea through the Indian Ocean as far as Japan and the southern central Pacific Ocean. ''Merulina ampliata'' is the type species. Characteristics Colonies can be laminar, foliose, columnar or arborescent, and can adopt all of these forms in a single colony. On laminar plates, valleys radiate from the centre, becoming contorted on branching structures. Species The following species are currently recognized by the World Register of Marine Species : *''Merulina ampliata'' (Ellis & Solander, 1786) *†''Merulina isseli'' (Prever, 1922) *''Merulina rotunda'' Nemenzo, 1959 *''Merulina scabricula'' Dana, 1846 *''Merulina scheeri'' Head, 1983 *''Merulina triangularis ''Merulina'' is a genus of stony corals in the family Merulinidae. Members of this genus are native to the Indo-Pacific region and their ranges extend fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lobophyllia
''Lobophyllia'', commonly called lobed brain coral or lobo coral, is a genus of large polyp stony corals. Members of this genus are sometimes found in reef aquarium A reef aquarium or reef tank is a marine aquarium that prominently displays live corals and other marine invertebrates as well as fish that play a role in maintaining the tropical coral reef environment. A reef aquarium requires appropriatel ...s. Species This genus includes the following species: * '' Lobophyllia agaricia'' (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) * '' Lobophyllia corymbosa'' (Forskal, 1775) * '' Lobophyllia costata'' (Dana, 1846) * '' Lobophyllia dentata'' Veron, 2000 * '' Lobophyllia diminuta'' Veron, 1985 * '' Lobophyllia erythraea'' (Klunzinger, 1879) * '' Lobophyllia flabelliformis'' Veron, 2002 * '' Lobophyllia grandis'' Latypov, 2006 * '' Lobophyllia hassi'' (Pillai & Scheer, 1976) * '' Lobophyllia hataii'' Yabe, Sugiyama & Eguchi, 1936 * '' Lobophyllia hemprichii'' (Ehrenberg, 1834) * '' Loboph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungia
''Fungia'' is a genus of corals in the family Fungiidae. It is monotypic with the single species ''Fungia fungites'', which is found growing on reefs in the Indo-Pacific. Taxonomy Until 2015, the genus ''Fungia'' had more than 30 species, but based on recent studies it has now been reduced to a single species.Hoeksema, B. (2015). Fungia Lamarck, 1801. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206375. World Marine Species Register. Retrieved on October 19, 2016. Description Corals of ''Fungia fungites'' are mostly solitary, some attaining in diameter. The juveniles attach themselves to rock but larger individuals detach themselves and become free living. They are found in various bright colours including white, pink, red, purple, blue and yellow and are popular with keepers of reef aquariums. The discs are either round or oval and the central mouth, which is surrounded by tentacles, may be a slit. The polyp sit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavona Cactus
''Pavona cactus'', the cactus coral, potato chip coral or leaf coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Agariciidae. This coral is found in shallow waters on reefs and in lagoons in tropical parts of the Indo-Pacific region. Description Colonies of this species have vertical, irregular, two-sided fronds about tall and not more than thick. The corallites housing the polyps are very shallow and form widely separated rows parallel to the margins of the fronds. The bases of these fronds may be dead while the upper parts are still alive supported by the skeletal tissue below. The fronds may be clustered together in a supercolony formed from one or more individual colonies and extending for several metres (yards) across the seabed. This is a zooxanthellate species of coral, with symbiotic microscopic algae living in its tissues. It is an olive green or a brownish colour. Distribution ''Pavona cactus'' is found in the tropical Indo-Pacific, its range extending from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acropora
''Acropora'' is a genus of small polyp stony coral in the phylum Cnidaria. Some of its species are known as table coral, elkhorn coral, and staghorn coral. Over 149 species are described. ''Acropora'' species are some of the major reef corals responsible for building the immense calcium carbonate substructure that supports the thin living skin of a reef. Anatomy and distribution Depending on the species and location, ''Acropora'' species may grow as plates or slender or broad branches. Like other corals, ''Acropora'' corals are colonies of individual polyps, which are about 2 mm across and share tissue and a nerve net. The polyps can withdraw back into the coral in response to movement or disturbance by potential predators, but when undisturbed, they protrude slightly. The polyps typically extend further at night to help capture plankton and organic matter from the water. The species are distributed in the Indo-Pacific (over 100 species) and Caribbean (3 species). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coral
Corals are marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically form compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Coral species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton. A coral "group" is a colony of very many genetically identical polyps. Each polyp is a sac-like animal typically only a few millimeters in diameter and a few centimeters in height. A set of tentacles surround a central mouth opening. Each polyp excretes an exoskeleton near the base. Over many generations, the colony thus creates a skeleton characteristic of the species which can measure up to several meters in size. Individual colonies grow by asexual reproduction of polyps. Corals also breed sexually by spawning: polyps of the same species release gametes simultaneously overnight, often around a full moon. Fertilized eggs form planulae, a mobile early form of the coral polyp which, when m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atoll
An atoll () is a ring-shaped island, including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon partially or completely. There may be coral islands or cays on the rim. Atolls are located in warm tropical or subtropical oceans and seas where corals can grow. Most of the approximately 440 atolls in the world are in the Pacific Ocean. Two different, well-cited models, the subsidence and antecedent karst models, have been used to explain the development of atolls.Droxler, A.W. and Jorry, S.J., 2021. ''The Origin of Modern Atolls: Challenging Darwin's Deeply Ingrained Theory.'' ''Annual Review of Marine Science'', 13, pp.537-573. According to Charles Darwin's ''subsidence model'', the formation of an atoll is explained by the subsidence of a volcanic island around which a coral fringing reef has formed. Over geologic time, the volcanic island becomes extinct and eroded as it subsides completely beneath the surface of the ocean. As the volcanic island subsides, the coral fringing reef becomes a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
