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WINB
WINB is a brokered Christian shortwave radio station licensed to Red Lion, Pennsylvania, in the United States. WINB began broadcasting in October 1962, making it the oldest private shortwave radio station in the United States that is still in operation. In the 1960s, the station was notable for its criticism of American domestic and foreign policy A State (polity), state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterall ..., leading to the government freezing the expansion of private shortwave radio transmission schedules for several years. References External linksWINB's official websiteWINB's listing on the FCC's website

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1962 In Radio
The year 1962 in radio involved some significant events. __TOC__ Events *May 19 – XHDL-FM begins broadcasting on 98.5 FM in Mexico City under the name XELA-FM. * July – After its first few months on the air with a community format, KHAK (98.1 FM) in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, takes up a country music format at the station, a format that has remained intact to this day. *July 1 – KRSI-FM in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, signs on the air as KRSI-FM. *October 2 – KUAC, Fairbanks, first FM Station, begins broadcasting at 104.7, with the morning Show ''AM'' on October 3. * December – KLOU 103.3 in St. Louis, Missouri, begins broadcasting as KMOX-FM. No dates *In Sweden, Sveriges Radio begins trial broadcasts in preparation for the establishment of a third national channel – P3 – as an alternative to commercial pirate radio. * KRZY in Dallas, Texas, becomes KPCN and flips to a country music format. Debuts *October 13 – ''Svensktoppen'', a weekly record chart, is launched by Sv ...
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Red Lion, Pennsylvania
Red Lion (Pennsylvania Dutch: ''Rot Leeb'') is a borough in York County, Pennsylvania, settled in 1852 and incorporated on January 16, 1880. The population was 6,506 at the 2020 census. History Red Lion, settled in 1852, was named after one of the first pubs in town, the Red Lion Tavern. The town was a main stop along the old Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad, known locally as the "Ma & Pa" Railroad. That railroad ran from York County to Baltimore, Maryland. Red Lion was once famous for the many brands of cigars made there. The town produced millions of cigars per month, about 10% of the cigars made in the United States. The town raises a cigar every New Year's Eve. It was also known nationwide for its furniture industry, with several large factories producing ornate, hand crafted furniture for over 100 years. The furniture industry has mostly shifted to kitchen cabinet production and retail store fixtures over the last 40 years. ''Note:'' This includes The Consumers Cigar B ...
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Christian Radio
Christian radio is a Christian media radio format that focus on programming with a Christian message. Many such broadcasters play contemporary Christian music, though many programs include sermons, radio dramas, as well as news and talk programming covering popular culture, economic, and political topics from a Christian perspective. Business models Brokered programming is a significant portion of most U.S. Christian radio stations' revenue, with stations regularly selling blocks of airtime to evangelists seeking an audience. Another revenue stream is solicitation of donations, either to the evangelists who buy the air time or to the stations or their owners themselves. In order to further encourage donations, certain evangelists may emphasize the prosperity gospel, in which they preach that tithing and donations to the ministry will result in financial blessings from God. Others may have special days of the year dedicated to fundraising, similar to many NPR stations. Althou ...
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Watt
The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. The watt is named after James Watt (1736–1819), an 18th-century Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved the Newcomen engine with his own steam engine in 1776. Watt's invention was fundamental for the Industrial Revolution. Overview When an object's velocity is held constant at one metre per second against a constant opposing force of one newton, the rate at which work is done is one watt. : \mathrm In terms of electromagnetism, one watt is the rate at which electrical work is performed when a current of one ampere (A) flows across an electrical potential difference of one volt (V), meaning the watt is equivalent to the volt-ampere (the latter unit, however, is used for a different quantity from the real power of an electrical circuit). : ...
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Shortwave Radio
Shortwave radio is radio transmission using shortwave (SW) radio frequencies. There is no official definition of the band, but the range always includes all of the high frequency band (HF), which extends from 3 to 30 MHz (100 to 10 metres); above the medium frequency band (MF), to the bottom of the VHF band. Radio waves in the shortwave band can be reflected or refracted from a layer of electrically charged atoms in the atmosphere called the ionosphere. Therefore, short waves directed at an angle into the sky can be reflected back to Earth at great distances, beyond the horizon. This is called skywave or "skip" propagation. Thus shortwave radio can be used for communication over very long distances, in contrast to radio waves of higher frequency, which travel in straight lines ( line-of-sight propagation) and are limited by the visual horizon, about 64 km (40 miles). Shortwave broadcasts of radio programs played an important role in the early days of radi ...
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Radio Station
Radio broadcasting is transmission of audio (sound), sometimes with related metadata, by radio waves to radio receivers belonging to a public audience. In terrestrial radio broadcasting the radio waves are broadcast by a land-based radio station, while in satellite radio the radio waves are broadcast by a satellite in Earth orbit. To receive the content the listener must have a broadcast radio receiver (''radio''). Stations are often affiliated with a radio network which provides content in a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both. Radio stations broadcast with several different types of modulation: AM radio stations transmit in AM ( amplitude modulation), FM radio stations transmit in FM (frequency modulation), which are older analog audio standards, while newer digital radio stations transmit in several digital audio standards: DAB (digital audio broadcasting), HD radio, DRM ( Digital Radio Mondiale). Television broadcasting ...
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United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ...
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Foreign Policy
A State (polity), state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through multilateralism, multilateral platforms.Foreign policy
''Encyclopedia Britannica'' (published January 30, 2020).
The ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' notes that a government's foreign policy may be influenced by "domestic considerations, the policies or behaviour of other states, or plans to advance specific geopolitical designs."


History

The idea of long-term management of relationships followed the development of professional diplomatic corps that managed diplomacy. In the 18th century, due to extreme turbulence in History of Europe# ...
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Christian Radio Stations In Pennsylvania
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ (title), Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term ''mashiach'' (מָשִׁיחַ) (usually rendered as ''messiah'' in English). While there are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict, they are united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance. The term ''Christian'' used as an adjective is descriptive of anything associated with Christianity or Christian churches, or in a proverbial sense "all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like." It does not have a meaning of 'of Christ' or 'related or pertaining to Christ'. According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. T ...
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Radio Stations In Pennsylvania
The following is a list of FCC-licensed radio stations in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, which can be sorted by their call signs, frequencies, cities of license, licensees, and programming formats. List of radio stations Defunct * KYW-FM * WASP * WBEM * WBGI * WBYN * WDNR * WFBM-LP * WFTE * WGEV * WHYU-LP * WHZN * WISL * WJMW * WKVR-FM * WKZV * WLOG * WNAP * WNCC * WOYL * WPAM * WPLY * WQLE * WQDD-LP * WRDD * WSAJ * WTAC * WVSL * WWSM * WYBF * WZSK * WZUM * WZZE References {{Navboxes , title = Pennsylvania radio station regional navigation boxes , list = {{Allentown Radio {{Altoona Radio {{Bedford Radio {{Binghamton Radio {{Elmira-Corning Radio {{Erie Radio {{Hagerstown-Chambersburg-Waynesboro Radio {{Harrisburg Radio {{Indiana Radio {{Jamestown NY Radio {{Johnstown Radio {{Lancaster Radio {{Lewistown Radio {{Meadville-Franklin Radio {{Northern PA Radio {{Olean Radio {{Philadelphia Radio {{Pittsburgh Radio {{Punxsutawney Radio {{Reading Radio {{S ...
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Shortwave Radio Stations In The United States
Shortwave radio is radio transmission using shortwave (SW) radio frequencies. There is no official definition of the band, but the range always includes all of the High frequency, high frequency band (HF), which extends from 3 to 30 MHz (100 to 10 metres); above the Medium frequency, medium frequency band (MF), to the bottom of the Very high frequency, VHF band. Radio waves in the shortwave band can be reflected or refracted from a layer of electrically charged atoms in the atmosphere called the ionosphere. Therefore, short waves directed at an angle into the sky can be reflected back to Earth at great distances, beyond the horizon. This is called skywave or "skip" radio propagation, propagation. Thus shortwave radio can be used for communication over very long distances, in contrast to radio waves of higher frequency, which travel in straight lines (line-of-sight propagation) and are limited by the visual horizon, about 64 km (40 miles). Shortwave broadcasts ...
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