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Vida (Occitan Literary Form)
''Vida'' () is the usual term for a brief prose biography, written in Old Occitan, of a troubadour or trobairitz. The word ''vida'' means "life" in Occitan languages; they are short prose biographies of the troubadours, and they are found in some chansonniers, along with the works of the author they describe. Vidas are notoriously unreliable: Mouzat, while complaining that some scholars still believe them, says they represent the authors as "ridiculous bohemians, and picaresque heroes"; Alfred Jeanroy calls them "the ancestors of modern novels". Most often, they are not based on independent sources, and their information is deduced from literal readings of details of the poems. Most of the ''vidas'' were composed in Italy, many by Uc de Saint Circ. Additionally, some individual poems are accompanied by ''razo A ''razo'' (, literally "cause", "reason") was a short piece of Occitan prose detailing the circumstances of a troubadour composition. A ''razo'' normally introduced an in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnaut De Meruoill
Arnaut de Mareuil (''fl.'' late 12th century) was a troubadour, composing lyric poetry in the Occitan language. Twenty-five, perhaps twenty-nine, of his songs, all ''cansos'', survive, six with music. According to Hermann Oelsner's contribution to the 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', Arnaut de Mareuil surpassed his more famous contemporary Arnaut Daniel in "elegant simplicity of form and delicacy of sentiment". This runs against the consensus of both past and modern scholars: Dante, Petrarch, Pound and Eliot, who were familiar with both authors and consistently proclaim Daniel's supremacy His name indicates that he came from Mareuil-sur-Belle in Périgord. He is said to have been a "clerk" from a poor family who eventually became a jongleur; he settled at the courts of Toulouse and then Béziers. He apparently loved the countess Azalais, daughter of Raymond V of Toulouse, married to Roger II Trencavel, and Arnaut's surviving poems may be seen as a sequence (lyric cycle) tell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castelloza
Na Castelloza (fl. early 13th century) was a noblewoman and trobairitz from Auvergne. Life According to her later ''vida'', Castelloza was the wife of Turc de Mairona, probably the lord of Meyronne.''Vidas'', p. 26. Turc's ancestors had participated in a Crusade around 1210 or 1220, which was the origin of his name (meaning " Turk"). She was reputed to have been in love with Arman de Brion, a member of the house of Bréon and of greater social rank than her, about whom she wrote several songs. Her ''vida'' records her to have been "very gay", "very learned", and "very beautiful". Only three—perhaps four if recent scholarship is accepted—of her songs (all ''cansos'') survive, all without music. This, however, makes her at least the second most prolific of trobairitz in terms of surviving works: only Beatriz de Dia certainly has more, with four ''cansos'' to her name. The subject of all her poems is courtly love. Compared with Beatriz de Dia, Castelloza is a more conse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cadenet (troubadour)
Cadenet (c. 1160 – c. 1235) was a Provençal troubadour (''trobador'') who lived and wrote at the court of Raymond VI of Toulouse and eventually made a reputation in Spain. Of his twenty-five surviving songs, twenty-one (or twenty-three) are ''cansos'', with one ''alba'', one ''partimen'', one ''pastorela'', and one religious piece represented. Two of his melodies survive. Life During Cadenet's childhood Raymond V of Toulouse and Bertrand I of Forcalquier went to war over the Vaucluse. Cadenet's father was killed in battle fighting for the count of Forcalquier and the castle of Cadenet was destroyed. Cadenet was taken captive or as a hostage to the court of Toulouse, where he became known after his birthplace, a term which also mean "juniper grove" (''cade'' is Occitan for " juniper"). He rose to prominence in the court under the patronage of several prominent families with close connections to the Cathar movement. According to his late thirteenth-century '' vida'', ''. . . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blacatz
Blacatz, known in French genealogy as Blacas de Blacas III (1165–1237), was the feudal lord of Aups and a troubadour. Sordello composed a lament (''planh'') on his death, inviting the kings of his time to share and eat the heart of Blacatz and thus acquire a portion of his courage. He was the father of the troubadour Blacasset. References *Renat Nelli Renat Nelli (), who was born in Carcassonne, Aude in 1906 and died in 1982, was one of the major Occitan writers of the 20th century. In Vichy France, Nelli joined the French Resistance and in 1945 was one of the co-founders of the Institut d'Es ..., ''Ecrivains anticonformistes du moyen-âge occitan''. Paris, 1977. {{DEFAULTSORT:Blacatz 1165 births 1236 deaths People from Var (department) 13th-century French troubadours 12th-century French troubadours ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blacasset
Blacasset, Blacassetz, Blacssetz, or Blachessetz ( fl. 1233–1242Aubrey, 23.) was a Provençal troubadour of the noble family of the Blacas, lords of Aulps, in the Empire. He was probably a son of the troubadour Blacatz, as his ''vida'' alleges, though this has come into doubt.Egan, 23. He was also distantly related to Charles I of Naples and Raymond Berengar IV of Provence. According to his ''vida'', he was like his father in merit, good deeds, and munificence, and also reputed to be a good lover. "Blacasset" is a diminutive of his father's name ( la, Blacacius). A document of 1238 (two years after his father's death) mentions three sons of the elder Blacatz, two of which were named Blacacius. Blacasset was not a professional troubadour, but, like his father, an amateur. Eleven of his works survive, three ''sirventes'', four ''cansos'', and four ''coblas'', including one single-stanza ''canso'' with a melody in F major, '. This song was appended to a manuscript of the ''ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertran Del Pojet
Bertran del Pojet ( fl. 1222) was a Provençal castellan and troubadour of the latter half of the thirteenth century, a period of Angevin rule in Provence and Italy. He was born in Puget, near Nice, and lived most of his life in Teunes, the region around Toulon.Egan, 22–23. He first appears in documents in September 1222. His '' vida'' records that he was a valiant and generous knight and a skilled soldier. His ''cansos'' and ''sirventes'' were well-esteemed. Only two works of his survive, a ''sirventes'' and a ''tenso''. Nonetheless, they were well-known.Vitaglione, 9. Bertran's ''tenso'' with an anonymous trobairitz, "Bona dompna, d'una re quieus deman", has been translated into English by Frank Chambers and Carol Jane Nappholz. Both his poems were first edited and published (in Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertran De Born Lo Filhs
Bertran de Born (; 1179 – 1233), called lo Filhs (, "the Son"), was a Limousin knight and troubadour. He wrote two ''sirventes'' and has three other works attributed to him. He participated in the wars of John Lackland in France. He was a son of the famous troubadour Bertran de Born and his first wife, Raimonda, born shortly after their marriage in 1179. His full brother was Itier and his half brothers were Bertran and Constantin, sons of his father's second marriage, to Felipa, in 1192. Since the younger Bertran would have only been fourteen at the time of the troubadour's activity, the ''filhs'' of the '' chansonniers'' must be the eldest son. Bertran and his brother Itier were dubbed sometime before 1192. The ''sirventes'' "Quan voi lo temps renovelar", written in 1206 in the style of his father, is attributed to "Bertran de Born" in the ''chansonniers,'' but since the elder Bertran had retired to the monastery of Dalon in 1197, this reference must be to his son. The ''sir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertran De Born
Bertran de Born (; 1140s – by 1215) was a baron from the Limousin in France, and one of the major Occitan troubadours of the 12th-13th century. He composed love songs (cansos) but was better known for his political songs (sirventes). He was involved in revolts against Richard I and then Phillip II. He married twice and had five children. In his final years, he became a monk. Early life Bertran de Born was the eldest son of Bertran de Born, lord of Hautefort (Occitan: ''Autafòrt''), and his wife Ermengardis. He had two younger brothers, Constantine and Itier. His father died in 1178, and Bertran succeeded him as lord of Hautefort. By this time, he was already married to his first wife, Raimonda, and had two sons. Hautefort lies at the border between the Limousin and Périgord. As a result, Bertran became involved in the conflicts of the sons of Henry II Plantagenet. He was also fighting for control of Hautefort. According to the feudal custom of his region, he was not t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertran D'Alamanon
Bertran d'Alamanon, also spelled de Lamanon or d'Alamano ( fl. 1229–1266), was a Provençal knight and troubadour, and an official, diplomat, and ambassador of the court of the Count of Provence. Twenty-two of his works survive, mainly provocative ''tensos'' and ''sirventes'', many dealing with Crusading themes. Life Bertran's ''vida'' is one of the shortest of the troubadours' at only twenty-seven words in one manuscript: Among the reliable points in this short biography is that he was from Lamanon, in modern Eyguières. He is described as the son of a lord of Brugières, which could refer to localities in Castres, Uzès, or Toulouse. Bertran appears with some frequency in documents of the period, however, so his scant ''vida'' is not a major handicap. He is first attested serving Raymond Berengar IV of Provence in 1235. He continued to serve his successor, Charles I, until at least 1260, when he last appears in documents. He is sometimes assumed to have accompanied Charles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernart De Ventadorn
Bernart de Ventadorn (also Bernard de Ventadour or Bernat del Ventadorn; – ) was a French poet-composer troubadour of the classical age of troubadour poetry. Generally regarded as the most important troubadour in both poetry and music, his 18 extant melodies of 45 known poems in total is the most to survive from any 12th-century troubadour. He is remembered for his mastery as well as popularization of the ''trobar leu'' style, and for his prolific ''cançons'', which helped define the genre and establish the "classical" form of courtly love poetry, to be imitated and reproduced throughout the remaining century and a half of troubadour activity. Now thought of as "the Master Singer," he developed the '' cançons'' into a more formalized style which allowed for sudden turns. Bernart was known for being able to portray his women as divine agents in one moment and then, in a sudden twist, as Eve – the cause of man's initial sin. This dichotomy in his work is portrayed in a "gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertolome Zorzi
Bertolome Zorzi ( la, Bartolomeus Gorgis; fl. 1266–1273) was a Venetian nobleman, merchant, and troubadour. Like all Lombard troubadours, he composed in the Occitan language. Eighteen of his works survive. According to his ''vida'', while travelling with a large band of merchants to Byzantium, they were captured by the Republic of Genoa, which was then at war with that of Venice, and taken prisoner to Genoa.Egan, 15. There Zorzi composed many songs from prison and even collaborated on some ''tensos'' with Bonifaci Calvo, a native Genoese troubadour. In response to a ''sirventes'' in which Bonifaci blamed the Genoese for allowing the Venetians to gain the upper hand and insult them, Zorzi composed the ''sirventes'' ''Molt me sui fort d'un chant merveillatz'' ("I was very much surprised by a song") justifying Venice. The response convinced Bonifaci and the two became friends.Egan, 16. Upon the release of the prisoners when Venice and Genoa came to terms of peace (about s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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