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VOKS
VOKS (an acronym for the Russian ''Vsesoiuznoe Obshchestvo Kul'turnoi Sviazi s zagranitsei'' — Всесоюзное общество культурной связи с заграницей, All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries), or the Society of Cultural Relations with the Soviet Union, was an entity created by the government of the Soviet Union (USSR) in 1925 to promote international cultural contact between writers, composers, musicians, cinematographers, artists, scientists, educators, and athletes of the USSR with those of other countries. The organization conducted tours and conferences of such cultural workers. Although of Soviet origin, VOKS was in fact an international organization, with parallel national branches around the world, such as the American Society for Cultural Relations with Russia (established 1926) and the Society for Polish-Soviet Friendship (established 1944). VOKS was frequently criticized by Western government officials, publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Kemenov
Vladimir Semyonovich Kemenov (; 2 June 1908 – 14 June 1988) was a Soviet art historian and statesman who headed the VOKS for the USSR in the 1940s. Life and career He was born in Yekaterinoslav (now Dnipro). In 1940, he succeeded Viktor Smirnov as chairman of VOKS ("Vsesoiuznoe Obshchestvo Kul'turnoi Sviazi s zagranitsei" — Всесоюзное общество культурной связи с заграницей — All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries), a propaganda organization created in 1925 and restructured in 1958. VOKS also often served as a convenient 'roof' for operations of both branches of Soviet intelligence, whose residents and operatives used opportunities provided by VOKS to establish and maintain contacts in intellectual, scientific and government circles. These contacts were, for the most part, unaware that they were dealing not with 'cultural representatives' and diplomats, but with intelligence officers. In 1944, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Arosev
Aleksander Yakovlevich Arosev (Russian: Алекса́ндр Я́ковлевич Аро́сев; 25 May (6 June) 1890, Kazan – 10 February 1938, Moscow) was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet diplomat and writer. Biography Arosev was born in to the family of a tailor. His mother was the daughter of the Narodnaya Volya revolutionary Will August Johann Goldschmidt (of German Baltic descent); his father was the son of former serfs. In 1905 he joined the Party of Socialist Revolutionaries and participated in the 1905 Revolution. In 1907, under the influence of his old friend Vyacheslav Skryabin (later Vyacheslav Molotov), he joined the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. After he joined the Bolsheviks, Arosev was repeatedly arrested until he fled abroad in 1909. He then studied at the Faculty of Philosophy in the University of Liège. In 1911 he met Maxim Gorky in Capri and later returned to Moscow and was again arrested. He served his sentence and wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kameneva
Olga Davidovna Kameneva (russian: Ольга Давыдовна Каменева, uk, Ольга Давидiвна Каменева; 1883 – 11 September 1941) (née Bronstein — Бронште́йн) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician. She was the sister of Leon Trotsky and the first wife of Lev Kamenev. Childhood and revolutionary career (1883–1917) Olga Bronstein was born in Yanovka, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine), a small village 15 miles from the nearest post office. She was one of two daughters of a wealthy but illiterate farmer, David Leontyevich Bronstein (or Bronshtein, 1847–1922), a Jewish colonist, and Anna Lvovna (née Zhivotovskaya) (1850–1910). Although the family was of Jewish extraction, they were not religious and the languages spoken at home were Russian and Ukrainian, not Yiddish. Olga Bronstein joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1902 and soon married Lev Kam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph McCarthy
Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. Beginning in 1950, McCarthy became the most visible public face of a period in the United States in which Cold War tensions fueled fears of widespread communist subversion. He is known for alleging that numerous communists and Soviet spies and sympathizers had infiltrated the United States federal government, universities, film industry, and elsewhere. Ultimately, he was censured for refusing to cooperate with, and abusing members of, the committee established to investigate whether or not he should be censured. The term "McCarthyism", coined in 1950 in reference to McCarthy's practices, was soon applied to similar anti-communist activities. Today, the term is used more broadly to mean demagogic, reckless, and unsubstantiated accusations, as well as public attacks on the character or p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olga Kameneva
Olga Davidovna Kameneva (russian: Ольга Давыдовна Каменева, uk, Ольга Давидiвна Каменева; 1883 – 11 September 1941) (née Bronstein — Бронште́йн) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician. She was the sister of Leon Trotsky and the first wife of Lev Kamenev. Childhood and revolutionary career (1883–1917) Olga Bronstein was born in Yanovka, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire (present-day Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine), a small village 15 miles from the nearest post office. She was one of two daughters of a wealthy but illiterate farmer, David Leontyevich Bronstein (or Bronshtein, 1847–1922), a Jewish colonist, and Anna Lvovna (née Zhivotovskaya) (1850–1910). Although the family was of Jewish extraction, they were not religious and the languages spoken at home were Russian and Ukrainian, not Yiddish. Olga Bronstein joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1902 and soon married Lev Kamene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
