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Váli (son Of Odin)
In Norse mythology, Váli (Old Norse: ) is a God and the son of the god Odin and the giantess Rindr. Váli has numerous brothers including Thor, Baldr, and Víðarr. He was born for the sole purpose of avenging Baldr, and does this by killing Höðr, who was an unwitting participant, and binding Loki with the entrails of his son Narfi. Váli grew to full adulthood within one day of his birth, and slew Höðr before going on to Loki. He is prophesied to survive Ragnarök. Longstanding transcription error Váli is referred to as the son of Loki, though this is argued by some historians to be an early transcription error. The mistake arises from a single passage in ''Gylfaginning'' containing the phrase "''Then were taken Loki's sons, Váli and Nari''". However, ''Gylfaginning'' describes Váli as the son of ''Odin'' in two other instances. All other documents found that date from this time refer to Váli only as Odin's son, with the exception of more recent copies of the potenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wali By C
A wali (''wali'' ar, وَلِيّ, '; plural , '), the Arabic word which has been variously translated "master", "authority", "custodian", "protector", is most commonly used by Muslims to indicate an Islamic saint, otherwise referred to by the more literal "friend of God".John Renard, ''Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008); John Renard, ''Tales of God Friends: Islamic Hagiography in Translation'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009), passim. When the Arabic definite article () is added, it refers to one of the names of God in Islam, Allah – (), meaning "the Helper, Friend". In the traditional Islamic understanding of saints, the saint is portrayed as someone "marked by pecialdivine favor ... ndholiness", and who is specifically "chosen by God and endowed with exceptional gifts, such as the ability to work miracles".Radtke, B., "Saint", in: ''Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baldrs Draumar
''Baldrs draumar'' (Old Norse: 'Baldr's dreams') or ''Vegtamskviða'' is an Eddic poem which appears in the manuscript AM 748 I 4to. It describes the myth of Baldr's death consistently with ''Gylfaginning''. Bellows suggest that the poem was composed in the mid 10th century as well as the possibility that the author also composed ''Völuspá'' or at least drew from it, pointing at the similarity of stanza 11 in ''Baldrs draumar'' and stanzas 32-33 in ''Völuspá''. Synopsis and text Baldr has been having nightmares. Odin rides to Hel to investigate. He finds the grave of a ''völva'' and resurrects her. Their conversation follows, where the völva tells Odin about Baldr's fate. In the end Odin asks her a question which reveals his identity and the völva tells him to ride home. Form and date The poem is one of the shortest Eddic poems, consisting of 14 ''fornyrðislag'' stanzas. Some late paper manuscripts contain about five more stanzas, those are thought to be of young origi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Æsir
The Æsir (Old Norse: ) are the gods of the principal pantheon in Norse religion. They include Odin, Frigg, Höðr, Thor, and Baldr. The second Norse pantheon is the Vanir. In Norse mythology, the two pantheons wage war against each other, resulting in a unified pantheon. Unlike the Old English word ''god'' (and the Old Norse word '), Æsir was never converted over to Christian use. Etymology ''Æsir'' is the plural of '' áss'', ''ǫ́ss'' "god". In genitival compounds, it takes the form ', e.g. in ' ("Thor of the Æsir"), besides ' found in : '' ás-brú'' "gods' bridge" (the rainbow), : ' "gods' enclosure", : ' "gods' kin", : ' "gods' leader", : ' "gods' might" (especially of Thor), : ' "divine wrath" etc. : ' "national god" (') is a title of Thor, as is : ' "almighty god", while it is Odin who is "the" '. There is also Old East Norse dialectal : *''ās-ækia'' (OWN: *''áss-ekja''), i.e. "god ride" (Thor riding in his wagon), resulting in the modern Swedish word : '' ås ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ursula Dronke
__NOTOC__ Ursula Miriam Dronke (née Brown, 3 November 1920 – 8 March 2012Heather O'Donoghue"Ursula Dronke obituary: Inspirational teacher of Old Norse literature specialising in the sagas and poetry of medieval Iceland" ''The Guardian'' 25 March 2012.) was a medievalist and former Vigfússon Reader in Old Norse at the University of Oxford and an Emeritus Fellow of Linacre College. She also taught at the University of Munich and in the Faculty of Modern and Medieval Languages at Cambridge University. Biography Born in Sunderland and raised in Newcastle upon Tyne, where her father was a lecturer at Newcastle University, Ursula Brown began her studies as an undergraduate at the University of Tours in 1939, returning to England and enrolling in Somerville College, University of Oxford, after the outbreak of war. She then worked for the Board of Trade until 1946, when she returned to Somerville as a graduate student in Old Norse and beginning in 1950 was a fellow and tutor in Engl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hauksbók
Hauksbók (; 'Book of Haukr'), Reykjavík, Stofnun Árna Magnússonar AM 371 4to, AM 544 4to and AM 675 4to, is an Icelandic manuscript, now in three parts but originally one, dating from the 14th century. It was created by the Icelander Haukr Erlendsson. It is now fragmentary, with significant portions being lost, but is the first surviving witness to many of the texts it contains (although in most cases Haukr is known to have been copying from earlier, lost manuscripts). Among these are the section on mathematics called '' Algorismus'' and the text of '' Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks''. Composition Hauksbók is associated with an Icelandic lawspeaker named Haukr Erlendsson: although the work of several scribes, the vast majority is in Haukr's hand. Palaeographical evidence allowed Professor Stefán Karlsson, director of the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, to date the manuscript to between 1302 and 1310. As long back as it is possible to trace the manuscript it h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berserker
In the Old Norse written corpus, berserker were those who were said to have fought in a trance-like fury, a characteristic which later gave rise to the modern English word '' berserk'' (meaning "furiously violent or out of control"). Berserkers are attested to in numerous Old Norse sources. Etymology The Old Norse form of the word was (plural ). It likely means "bear-shirt" (compare the Middle English word ', meaning 'shirt'), "someone who wears a coat made out of a bear's skin". Thirteenth-century historian Snorri Sturluson interpreted the meaning as "bare-shirt", that is to say that the warriors went into battle without armour, but that view has largely been abandoned. Early beginnings It is proposed by some authors that the northern warrior tradition originated from hunting magic. Three main animal cults appeared: the bear, the wolf, and the wild boar. The bas relief carvings on Trajan's column in Rome depict scenes of Trajan's conquest of Dacia in 101–106 AD. The sce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulfhednar
In the Old Norse written corpus, berserker were those who were said to have fought in a trance-like fury, a characteristic which later gave rise to the modern English word '' berserk'' (meaning "furiously violent or out of control"). Berserkers are attested to in numerous Old Norse sources. Etymology The Old Norse form of the word was (plural ). It likely means "bear-shirt" (compare the Middle English word ', meaning 'shirt'), "someone who wears a coat made out of a bear's skin". Thirteenth-century historian Snorri Sturluson interpreted the meaning as "bare-shirt", that is to say that the warriors went into battle without armour, but that view has largely been abandoned. Early beginnings It is proposed by some authors that the northern warrior tradition originated from hunting magic. Three main animal cults appeared: the bear, the wolf, and the wild boar. The bas relief carvings on Trajan's column in Rome depict scenes of Trajan's conquest of Dacia in 101–106 AD. The scene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beowa
Beowa, Beaw, Bēow , Beo or Bedwig is a figure in Anglo-Saxon paganism associated with barley and agriculture. The figure is attested in the Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies as they were extended in the age of Alfred, where Beowa is inserted as the son of Scyld and the grandson of Sceafa, in lineages carried back to Adam. Connections have been proposed between the figure of Beowa and the hero Beowulf of the poem of the same name and English folk song figure John Barleycorn. Etymology ''Beoƿ'' is an Old English word for barley. In the Anglo-Saxon genealogies, Beoƿa is the son or grandson of Sceafa, the Old English word for sheaf. The noun ''beoƿ'' has an Old Norse parallel in ''Bygg'', the word for "grain." Related comparisons have been made between the figure of Beoƿ and Byggvir, attested in the ''Prose Edda'' as a servant of the god Freyr.Alexander (2002:28). Theories Some scholars posit a connection between the mythical figure of Beowa and the legendary Beowulf. As the two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gesta Danorum
''Gesta Danorum'' ("Deeds of the Danes") is a patriotic work of Danish history, by the 12th-century author Saxo Grammaticus ("Saxo the Literate", literally "the Grammarian"). It is the most ambitious literary undertaking of medieval Denmark and is an essential source for the nation's early history. It is also one of the oldest known written documents about the history of Estonia and Latvia. Consisting of sixteen books written in Latin on the invitation of Archbishop Absalon, ''Gesta Danorum'' describes Danish history and to some degree Scandinavian history in general, from prehistory to the late 12th century. In addition, ''Gesta Danorum'' offers singular reflections on European affairs in the High Middle Ages from a unique Scandinavian perspective, supplementing what has been handed down by historians from Western and Southern Europe. Books The sixteen books, in prose with an occasional excursion into poetry, can be categorized into two parts: Books 1–9, which deal with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Váli (son Of Loki)
In some versions of Norse mythology, Váli was one of the unlucky sons of Loki. He is mentioned in the ''Gylfaginning'' section of Snorri Sturluson's ''Prose Edda'', chapter 50. After the death of Baldr, the Æsir chase down and capture Loki; in this version it is an unnamed god rather than Váli, son of Loki, who binds Loki with his son's entrails: Váli, son of Loki, is otherwise unknown. A variant version in the ''Hauksbók'' manuscript of stanza 34 of "Völuspá" refers to this event; it begins: "Þá kná Vála , vígbǫnd snúa", usually amended to the nominative ''Váli'' in order to provide a subject for the verb; in Ursula Dronke's translation in her edition of the poem, "Then did Váli , slaughter bonds twist".Ursula Dronke (ed. and trans.), ''The Poetic Edda'' Volume II: ''Mythological Poems'', Oxford: Oxford University/Clarendon, 1997, repr. 2001, p. 76 This presumably refers to Váli, son of Óðinn, who was begotten to avenge Baldr's death, and thus it is not un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Móði And Magni
In Norse mythology, Móði (Old Norse: ; anglicized Módi or Mothi) and Magni are the sons of Thor. Their names translate to "Wrath" and "Mighty," respectively. Rudolf Simek states that, along with Thor's daughter Þrúðr ("Strength"), they embody their father's features. Móði and Magni's descent from Thor is attested by the kennings "Móði's father" (''faðir Móða'', in ''Hymiskviða'', 34) and "Magni's father" (''faðir Magna'', in ''Þórsdrápa'' and ''Hárbarðsljóð'', 53). Snorri Sturluson confirms it (''Gylfaginning'', 53, ''Skáldskaparmál'', 4). According to ''Skáldskaparmál'' (17) Magni is the son of Thor and the Jötunn Járnsaxa. ''Poetic Edda'' The two brothers are mentioned among the survivors of Ragnarök in the ''Poetic Edda'' ''Vafþrúðnismál'': ''Prose Edda'' Apart from his role after Ragnarök, there is nothing we know about Móði but, in the ''Prose Edda'' book ''Skáldskaparmál'', Magni plays a role in the myth of Thor's battle with the giant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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