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Volvo B8R
The Volvo B8R is a 7.7-litre engined coach and intercity bus chassis manufactured by Volvo since 2013 for Euro VI markets. It was designed as a replacement for the B7R and the B9R. In 2017, Euro III and V versions were launched worldwide with engine outputs at 250 and 330 hp. The 250-hp version is marketed in Brazil as the Volvo B250R. Throughout Europe the B8R is most commonly available as the Volvo 8900, but can also be found in the Volvo 9500 and some versions of Volvo 9700, and from independent bus builders. It is also available as a low-entry bus chassis, known as Volvo B8RLE. In the Philippines, Volvo Buses launched the B8R in August 2018. It is the first B8R in the Philippine market to be imported from Borås, Sweden. The locally-assembled B8R (for both automatic and manual transmission variants) bus chassis kits in Subic at the Autodelta plant from the third quarter of 2019. Powertrain Engines D8K, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volvo 9700
The Volvo 9700 is a range of coaches manufactured by Volvo. It was introduced in 2001 as a replacement for the Carrus Star and Vector/Regal models. There are three main models in different heights; 9700S (3.42 m), 9700H (3.61 m) and 9700HD (3.73 m). The 9700S is only available in the Nordic countries. In addition there is the stripped down 9500 and the 9900 with theater seating. The coaches come in a variety of lengths up to 15 metres, depending on models and markets. Volvo 9700 is currently sold in most of Europe and North America (including Canada, United States and Mexico). In 2015, the Volvo 9800 was launched as a replacement for the Mexican market, followed by the double-decker 9800DD in March 2018. First generation (2001–07) Carrus had for many years great success in the Nordic countries with the Star model range descending from the Delta Star and also the Vector/Regal model range from Ajokki. After Carrus was acquired by Volvo in 1998 the models also came available in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voith DIWA
The Voith DIWA automotive transmission was designed by Voith primarily for city-buses and suburban buses. The transmission utilizes a Differential-Wandler (Converter) or DIWA which replaces two gears which would be used on a conventional transmission. Voith has designed many variations and generations of the Voith DIWA. History Evaluation DIWA (D851/D854/D854G) *Three/four front speed, four-speed G version (for example, Metroliner D854G), add a set of 1.36:1 reduction gear to the output *Three-stage throttle sensor (there are two switches on the inside), the throttle depth corresponding to each stage needs to be manually adjusted *The shifting speed is divided into four stages with the same force (three-stage throttle + kickdown) *The hydraulic retarder will go out when the vehicle speed is too low, and it will turn a gear at the same time. *All oil valves are on-off, and the force of biting the clutch is controlled by adjusting the working/o of a gearbox. DIWA 2 (D851.2/D8 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vehicles Introduced In 2013
A vehicle (from la, vehiculum) is a machine that transports people or cargo. Vehicles include wagons, bicycles, motor vehicles (motorcycles, cars, trucks, buses, mobility scooters for disabled people), railed vehicles (trains, trams), watercraft (ships, boats, underwater vehicles), amphibious vehicles (screw-propelled vehicles, hovercraft), aircraft (airplanes, helicopters, aerostats) and spacecraft.Halsey, William D. (Editorial Director): ''MacMillan Contemporary Dictionary'', page 1106. MacMillan Publishing, 1979. Land vehicles are classified broadly by what is used to apply steering and drive forces against the ground: wheeled, tracked, railed or skied. ISO 3833-1977 is the standard, also internationally used in legislation, for road vehicles types, terms and definitions. History * The oldest boats found by archaeological excavation are logboats, with the oldest logboat found, the Pesse canoe found in a bog in the Netherlands, being carbon dated to 8040 - 7510 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manual Transmission
A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle transmission (mechanics), transmission system, where gear changes require the driver to manually select the gears by operating a gear stick and clutch (which is usually a foot pedal for cars or a hand lever for motorcycles). Early automobiles used ''sliding-mesh'' manual transmissions with up to three forward gear ratios. Since the 1950s, ''constant-mesh'' manual transmissions have become increasingly commonplace and the number of forward ratios has increased to 5-speed and 6-speed manual transmissions for current vehicles. The alternative to a manual transmission is an automatic transmission; common types of automatic transmissions are the Automatic transmission#Hydraulic automatic transmissions, hydraulic automatic transmission (AT), and the continuously variable transmissio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voith
The Voith Group is a German manufacturer of machines for the pulp and paper industry, technical equipment for hydropower plants and drive and braking systems. The family-owned company, which operates worldwide and has its headquarters in Heidenheim an der Brenz, was founded in 1867. Company history Laying the foundations for industrial paper production In 1825, Johann Matthäus Voith took over his father's locksmith's workshop in Heidenheim with five employees, mainly carrying out repairs to water wheels and paper mills. Around 1830 in Heidenheim, there were about 600 people working in 15 factories, mostly textile factories that had been established by wealthy merchants and publishers. The necessary maintenance and repair of the expensive machinery offered a source of income to several workshops, particularly the locksmiths and metalworkers in what was still a small town at the time. In 1830, Johann Matthäus Voith and his workshop were involved in the construction of a pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automatic Transmission
An automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated to auto or AT) is a multi-speed transmission used in internal combustion engine-based motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions. It typically includes a transmission, axle, and differential in one integrated assembly, thus technically becoming a transaxle. The most common type of automatic transmission is the hydraulic automatic, which uses a planetary gearset, hydraulic controls, and a torque converter. Other types of automatic transmissions include continuously variable transmissions (CVT), automated manual transmissions (AMT), and dual-clutch transmissions (DCT). An electronic automatic transmission (EAT) may also be called an electronically controlled transmission (ECT), or electronic automatic transaxle (EATX). A hydraulic automatic transmission may also colloquially called a " slushbox" or simply a "torque converter", although the latter term c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cubic Centimetre
A cubic centimetre (or cubic centimeter in US English) (SI unit symbol: cm3; non-SI abbreviations: cc and ccm) is a commonly used unit of volume that corresponds to the volume of a cube that measures 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm. One cubic centimetre corresponds to a volume of one millilitre. The mass of one cubic centimetre of water at 3.98 °C (the temperature at which it attains its maximum density) is almost equal to one gram. In internal combustion engines, "cc" refers to the total volume of its engine displacement in cubic centimetres. The displacement can be calculated using the formula :d = \times b^2 \times s \times n where is engine displacement, is the bore of the cylinders, is length of the stroke and is the number of cylinders. Conversions *1 millilitre = 1 cm3 *1 litre = 1000 cm3 *1 cubic inch = . Unicode character The "cubic centimetre" symbol is encoded by Unicode at code point . See also * Cubic inch The cubic inch (symb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volvo B8RLE
The Volvo B8RLE is a 7.7-litre-engined low-entry bus chassis manufactured by Volvo since 2013 for Euro VI markets. It was designed as a replacement for the B7RLE and the B9RLE. The right-hand drive version was launched in November 2014.Volvo unveils first B8RLE Bus & Coach Buyer 14 November 2014 Initially available in two- and tri-axle variants, the version of the B8RLE called the B8RLEA is available in since late 2014. In 2017, Euro III ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volvo 9500
The Volvo 9700 is a range of coaches manufactured by Volvo. It was introduced in 2001 as a replacement for the Carrus Star and Vector/Regal models. There are three main models in different heights; 9700S (3.42 m), 9700H (3.61 m) and 9700HD (3.73 m). The 9700S is only available in the Nordic countries. In addition there is the stripped down 9500 and the 9900 with theater seating. The coaches come in a variety of lengths up to 15 metres, depending on models and markets. Volvo 9700 is currently sold in most of Europe and North America (including Canada, United States and Mexico). In 2015, the Volvo 9800 was launched as a replacement for the Mexican market, followed by the double-decker 9800DD in March 2018. First generation (2001–07) Carrus had for many years great success in the Nordic countries with the Star model range descending from the Delta Star and also the Vector/Regal model range from Ajokki. After Carrus was acquired by Volvo in 1998 the models also came available in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volvo 8900
The Volvo 8900 is a single-decker city bus and intercity bus, first introduced in 2010 as a cross-breed successor to both the aluminium body 8500 and the stainless steel body 8700, taking advantage of both techniques. It is available both with 860 mm step-entrance floor and as the low-entry Volvo 8900LE. History The Volvo 8500 built by Volvo Säffle in early May 2010 received a new front facelift. Two months later Volvo officially announced the new 8900 model. The front was the same as the facelifted 8500, but the rest of the bus was new. The 8500 from Säffle would be out of production by summer 2011, while the Wrocław-built 8700 would be gone by new-year 2012. As the B12B/ B12BLE chassis also would be gone by 2012, and the B8R/ B8RLE was still not ready, Volvo had to come up with a solution for the tri-axle versions. Because at that time B12B/B12BLE was the only tri-axle chassis offered for city and intercity buses. So with the introduction of 8900/8900LE, Volvo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euro VI
The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a series of European Union directives staging the progressive introduction of increasingly stringent standards. , the standards do not include non-exhaust emissions such as particulates from tyres and brakes. Details of Euro 7 have been postponed to 12 October 2022. Background In the European Union, emissions of nitrogen oxides (), total hydrocarbon (THC), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) are regulated for most vehicle types, including cars, trucks (lorries), locomotives, tractors and similar machinery, barges, but excluding seagoing ships and aeroplanes. For each vehicle type, different standards apply. Compliance is determined by running the engine at a standardised test cycle. Non-comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZF EcoLife
The ZF EcoLife transmission is a 6 speed planetary transmission for medium capacity applications with rapid speed variation, such as city buses and diesel commuter rail, designed by ZF Friedrichshafen. It features boosted operating economy, longer service life, and higher temperature resistance for operation with Euro 5-6 compatible engines, compared to ZF Ecomat. It also boasts an integral retarder, longer operational intervals between oil changes, higher torque capacity, and "Dynamic, topography-dependent drive program selection" among others. History The ZF Ecolife has been in manufacturing since 2007, parallel to the ZF Ecomat until 2016. The difference between Ecolife and Ecomat in structure mainly lies in the design of the planetary gear set - the connection method between the three-wave gear set and other gear sets has changed, so that the clutches at the front end of the planetary gear set are reduced from three to two; The spur gear was changed to a helical gear, which si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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