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Voima (1952 Icebreaker)
''Voima'' is a Finnish state-owned icebreaker. Built by Wärtsilä Hietalahti shipyard in Helsinki in 1954, she was the first icebreaker in the world to be equipped with two bow propellers and generated widespread publicity that helped the Finnish shipbuilding industry to become the world leader in icebreaker design. ''Voima'' was extensively refitted in 1978–1979. , she is the oldest and smallest state-owned icebreaker in service in Finland. Originally, ''Voima'' was scheduled to be replaced by a new icebreaker by the winter of 2015–16. However, in 2016 it was decided to extend her operational lifetime by at least ten years with another refit. Development and construction In the Moscow Armistice, signed on 19 September 1944, Finland agreed to pay war reparations of US$300 million to the Soviet Union. The war reparations, paid in the form of ships and machinery over six years, included the newest steam-powered state-owned icebreakers ''Voima'' and ''Jääkarhu''. This l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voima 2011
Voima may refer to: Transport * Two Finnish icebreakers: ** ''Voima'' (1924) ** ''Voima'' (1952) Publications * ''Voima'' (newspaper), Finnish newspaper * ''Nuori Voima'', Finnish magazine published by Nuoren Voiman Liitto * '' Pohjan Voima'', newspaper of the Lapua Movement Companies * Imatran Voima a Finnish state-owned power company, now part of Fortum * Pohjolan Voima, a Finnish power company * Teollisuuden Voima, a Finnish power company Others * Imatran Voima (band), a Finnish electro music duo * Voima (book) Voima may refer to: Transport * Two Finnish icebreakers: ** ''Voima'' (1924) ** ''Voima'' (1952) Publications * ''Voima'' (newspaper), Finnish newspaper * ''Nuori Voima'', Finnish magazine published by Nuoren Voiman Liitto * '' Pohjan Voima' ..., a fantasy fiction novel by C. Dale Brittain {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnish War Reparations To The Soviet Union
War reparations of Finland to the Soviet Union were originally worth US$300,000,000 at 1938 prices (equivalent to US$ in ). Finland agreed to pay the reparations in the Moscow Armistice signed on 19 September 1944. The protocol to determine more precisely the war reparations to the Soviet Union was signed in December 1944, by the prime minister Juho Kusti Paasikivi and the chairman of the Allied Control Commission for controlling the Moscow Armistice in Helsinki, Andrei Zhdanov. Finland was originally obliged to pay $300,000,000 in gold to be paid in the form of ships and machinery, over six years. The Soviet Union agreed to prolong the payment period from six to eight years in late 1945. In summer 1948 the sum was cut to $226,500,000 (equivalent to US$ in ). The last dispatched train of the deliveries paying the war reparations crossed the border between Finland and the Soviet Union on 18 September 1952, in Vainikkala railway border station. Approximately 340,000 railroad carload ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnish Government
sv, Finlands statsråd , border = , image = File:Finnish Government logo.png , image_size = 250 , caption = , date = , state = Republic of Finland , polity = , country = , address = Government PalaceSnellmaninkatu 1 A, Helsinki, Finland , leader_title = Prime Minister of Finland , appointed = President of Finland , budget = €55.8 billion (2018) , main_organ = Prime Minister's Office , ministries = 12 (list) , responsible = Parliament of Finland , url government.fi The Finnish Government (; ; ) is the executive branch and cabinet of Finland, which directs the politics of Finland and is the main source of legislation proposed to the Parliament. The Government has collective ministerial responsibility and represents Finland in the Council of the European Union. In the incumbent Marin Cabinet, the Government comprises 19 m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voima Bow Propellers
Voima may refer to: Transport * Two Finnish icebreakers: ** ''Voima'' (1924) ** ''Voima'' (1952) Publications * ''Voima'' (newspaper), Finnish newspaper * ''Nuori Voima'', Finnish magazine published by Nuoren Voiman Liitto * '' Pohjan Voima'', newspaper of the Lapua Movement Companies * Imatran Voima a Finnish state-owned power company, now part of Fortum * Pohjolan Voima, a Finnish power company * Teollisuuden Voima, a Finnish power company Others * Imatran Voima (band), a Finnish electro music duo * Voima (book) Voima may refer to: Transport * Two Finnish icebreakers: ** ''Voima'' (1924) ** ''Voima'' (1952) Publications * ''Voima'' (newspaper), Finnish newspaper * ''Nuori Voima'', Finnish magazine published by Nuoren Voiman Liitto * '' Pohjan Voima' ..., a fantasy fiction novel by C. Dale Brittain {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turku
Turku ( ; ; sv, Åbo, ) is a city and former capital on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River, in the region of Finland Proper (''Varsinais-Suomi'') and the former Turku and Pori Province (''Turun ja Porin lääni''; 1634–1997). The region was originally called Suomi (Finland), which later became the name for the whole country. As of 31 March 2021, the population of Turku was 194,244 making it the sixth largest city in Finland after Helsinki, Espoo, Tampere, Vantaa and Oulu. There were 281,108 inhabitants living in the Turku Central Locality, ranking it as the third largest urban area in Finland after the Capital Region area and Tampere Central Locality. The city is officially bilingual as percent of its population identify Swedish as a mother-tongue. It is unknown when Turku gained city rights. The Pope Gregory IX first mentioned the town ''Aboa'' in his ''Bulla'' in 1229 and the year is now used as the foundation year of Turku. Turku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanko, Finland
Hanko (; sv, Hangö) is a port town and municipality on the south coast of Finland, west of Helsinki. Its current population is (). The town is bilingual, with a majority being Finnish speakers and a strong minority being Swedish speakers (). The skyline of Hanko is dominated by the church and the water tower. Both of them received their current appearance after World War II, as their predecessors were either damaged or destroyed by the Soviet Armed Forces. Geography The Hanko Peninsula, on which the city is located, is the southernmost tip of continental Finland. The soil is a sandy moraine, and vegetation consists mainly of pine and low shrubs, mostly ''Calluna''. Hanko is known for its beautiful archipelago. The town has a coastline of approximately , of which are sandy beaches. There are also over 90 small islands and islets within the city limits. Climate Hanko has a humid continental climate (Köppen ''Dfb''), similar to other locations in southern Finland with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archipelago Sea
The Archipelago Sea ( fi, Saaristomeri, sv, Skärgårdshavet) is a part of the Baltic Sea between the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland and the Sea of Åland, within Finnish territorial waters. By some definitions it contains the largest archipelago in the world by the number of islands, although many of the islands are very small and tightly clustered. The larger islands are inhabited and connected by ferries and bridges. Åland, including the largest islands of the region, forms an autonomous region within Finland. The rest of the islands are part of the region of Southwest Finland. The Archipelago Sea is a significant tourist destination. ''The Guardians journalist Tristan Parker wrote an article praising the Turku Archipelago on July 29, 2021, mentioning that "nowhere has the gentle magic of the smaller islands – or their wildlife." Geography and geology The Archipelago Sea covers a roughly triangular area with the cities of Mariehamn, Uusikaupunki, and Hanko a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apu (1899 Icebreaker)
''Apu'' was a Finnish state-owned steam-powered icebreaker built by Howaldtswerke in Kiel, Germany, in 1899. Initially owned by a private shipping company founded by shipowners from the Finnish city of Turku and known as ''Avance'', she was later purchased by the Finnish Board of Navigation and her name was translated into Finnish. ''Apu'' remained in service until 1959, when she was replaced by the new diesel-electric ''Murtaja''. Construction When the winter navigation committee appointed by the Senate of Finland in 1895 decided that the state-owned icebreakers would assist merchant ships only to the port of Hanko during the winter, the shipowners from Turku did not lose their faith in year-round traffic to their hometown. In 1898 they founded a joint shipping company, Isbrytare Aktiebolaget Avance (Icebreaker Company Avance), to order and maintain an icebreaker that would be used to maintain year-round traffic to the port of Turku. The new company was partially funded by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murtaja (1890 Icebreaker)
''Murtaja'' was a Finnish state-owned steam-powered icebreaker. Built in 1890 by Bergsunds Mekaniska Verkstads AB in Stockholm, Sweden, she was the first state-owned icebreaker of Finland and one of the first purpose-built icebreakers in the world.Jones, S. A history of icebreaking ships. Ocean Sovereignty, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2008. Page 55. ''Murtaja'' remained in service for 68 years until she was decommissioned and broken up in 1958 after having been replaced by the diesel-electric ''Karhu''. Background The history of winter navigation in Finland dates back to the 17th century when mail was carried year-round between Turku, Finland and Grisslehamn, Sweden, over the Sea of Åland. During the winter season, the postmen used ice boats, strengthened sleigh-boats that were pushed over the ice until it gave in under the weight of the boat. Once in water, the men began rocking the boat back and forth until it slowly began to break the ice and proceed towards open water. The mail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Mine
A naval mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to damage or destroy surface ships or submarines. Unlike depth charges, mines are deposited and left to wait until they are triggered by the approach of, or contact with, any vessel or a particular vessel type, akin to anti-infantry vs. anti-vehicle mines. Naval mines can be used offensively, to hamper enemy shipping movements or lock vessels into a harbour; or defensively, to protect friendly vessels and create "safe" zones. Mines allow the minelaying force commander to concentrate warships or defensive assets in mine-free areas giving the adversary three choices: undertake an expensive and time-consuming minesweeping effort, accept the casualties of challenging the minefield, or use the unmined waters where the greatest concentration of enemy firepower will be encountered. Although international law requires signatory nations to declare mined areas, precise locations remain secret; and non-complying individ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sisu (1938 Icebreaker)
''Sisu'' was a Finland, Finnish state-owned icebreaker. Built in 1939 at Wärtsilä Hietalahti shipyard, Hietalahti Shipyard in Helsinki, she was one of the world's first diesel-electric icebreakers. In addition to icebreaking duties, she served as a submarine tender for the Finnish Navy during the summer months until the end of the Continuation War. In 1975, ''Sisu'' was handed over to the Finnish Navy and renamed ''Louhi''. She was decommissioned in 1986 and sold for scrap. Development and construction While the economic growth stagnated in Finland in the early 1930s following the Great Depression, international trade began to recover relatively soon and in particular the export of forest products from the ports in the Bothnian Bay was growing. Already in 1932, a delegation from Northern Ostrobothnia submitted a proposal for the construction of a new state-owned icebreaker. In 1935, another large delegation of politicians and representatives from coastal cities proposed expa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jääkarhu (icebreaker)
''Jääkarhu'' was a Finnish and later Soviet steam-powered icebreaker. Built in 1926 by P. Smit Jr. Shipbuilding and Machine Factory in Rotterdam, Netherlands, she was the last and largest steam-powered state-owned icebreaker of Finland. After two decades of successful service, ''Jääkarhu'' was handed over to the Soviet Union as war reparation in 1945 and renamed ''Sibiryakov''. She remained in service until the 1970s and was broken up in 1972. Background and construction When the Treaty of Tartu was signed on 14 October 1920, Finland agreed to return the Russian icebreakers that the Finnish White Guard had seized during the Civil War in 1918. As a result, the largest and most powerful state-owned icebreaker of Finland at that time, ''Wäinämöinen'', was handed over to Estonia in 1922. Since both the size of the ships calling at the Finnish winter ports and the amount of exported goods, especially forest products, had increased considerably since the First World War, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
