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Vneshposyltorg
The All-Union Association Vneshposyltorg (All-Union Foreign Mail Order Trade Association) was an organization in the Soviet Union which handled trade in imported goods for hard currency. It was mostly known for its Beryozka chain of shops. Vneshposyltorg sold consumer goods to foreigners with optional delivery within Soviet territory. This gave foreigners the opportunity to send gifts to their friends and relatives in the Soviet Union. In 1984, forwarding of parcels from foreign firms to Soviet addresses was cancelled. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the introduction of the conversion of rubles into hard currency, the organization lost its importance and was privatized. In 1992 it was merged with ''Vostokintorg'' to create ''Vneshintorg''."Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2003", ,p. 344/ref> See also *Vneshtorgbank VTB Bank (; formerly known as ''Vneshtorgbank'', , lit. 'International Trade Bank') is a Russian majority state-owned bank headquart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beryozka (Russian Retail Store)
Beriozka (Russian: , lit. ''"little birch tree"'') was the overall name applied to two chains of state-run retail stores in the Soviet Union that sold goods in exchange for foreign currency. Beriozkas sold luxury goods such as chocolate and caviar that were often unavailable or unaffordable in traditional Soviet markets and shops. In English-language advertisements and signs, the spelling was always "Beriozka" rather than the more conventional transliteration "Beryozka." Beryozka existed between 1964 and 1990 up to the point of the Soviet Union dissolution. Background Since 1921 up until 1927 during the New Economic Policy trading of foreign currency in Soviet Union was legal. In 1927 however the trade was outlawed. It became illegal to possess and trade foreign currencies (unless specified by the law otherwise) with a punishment up to six month of imprisonment (the events were reflected in ''The Golden Calf'' movie). Businessmen that were often referred as NEPmen during t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk ( Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hard Currency
In macroeconomics, hard currency, safe-haven currency, or strong currency is any globally traded currency that serves as a reliable and stable store of value. Factors contributing to a currency's ''hard'' status might include the stability and reliability of the respective state's legal and bureaucratic institutions, level of corruption, long-term stability of its purchasing power, the associated country's political and fiscal condition and outlook, and the policy posture of the issuing central bank. Safe haven currency is defined as a currency which behaves like a hedge for a reference portfolio of risky assets conditional on movements in global risk aversion. Conversely, a weak or soft currency is one which is expected to fluctuate erratically or depreciate against other currencies. Softness is typically the result of weak legal institutions and/or political or fiscal instability. History The paper currencies of some developed countries have earned recognition as hard curr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruble
The ruble (American English) or rouble (Commonwealth English) (; rus, рубль, p=rublʲ) is the currency unit of Belarus and Russia. Historically, it was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union. , currencies named ''ruble'' in circulation include the Belarusian ruble (BYN, Rbl) in Belarus and the Russian ruble (RUB, ₽) in Russia. Additionally, the Transnistrian ruble is used in Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway province of Moldova. These currencies are subdivided into one hundred Kopek, kopeks. No kopek is currently formally subdivided, although denga, ''denga'' (½ kopek) and polushka, ''polushka'' (½ denga, thus ¼ kopek) were minted until the 19th century. Historically, the grivna, ruble and denga were used in Russia as measurements of weight. In 1704, as a result of monetary reforms by Peter the Great, the ruble became the first Decimalisation, decimal currency. The silver ruble was used until 1897 and the gold ruble was used until 1917. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vneshtorgbank
VTB Bank (; formerly known as ''Vneshtorgbank'', , lit. 'International Trade Bank') is a Russian majority state-owned bank headquartered in various federal districts of Russia; its legal address is registered in St. Petersburg; as of 2022 company's capital stock was mostly owned by three Russian agencies. VTB Bank and its subsidiaries form a leading Russian financial group – VTB Group uniting VTB banks located in different countries and offering a wide range of corporate banking services and products in Russia, CIS, Europe, Asia, Africa, and the U.S. VTB was ranked 446th on the FT Global 500 2012, The ''Financial Times''’ annual snapshot of the world's largest companies. It climbed to 210th in the ranking of the 500 largest companies in Europe, the FT Europe 500 2014, and to 127th in the FT Emerging 500 2014, the list of the 500 largest companies on the world's emerging markets. History VTB Bank was founded as Vneshtorgbank in 1990 with the support of the Russian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Service Companies Of The Soviet Union
Service may refer to: Activities * Administrative service, a required part of the workload of university faculty * Civil service, the body of employees of a government * Community service, volunteer service for the benefit of a community or a punishment that may be imposed by a court * Fan service, a Japanese term referring to something which is specifically designed to entertain fans * Military service, serving in a country's armed forces * Feudal service, see Feudal land tenure in England * Public service, services carried out with the aim of providing a public good * Selfless service, a service which is performed without any expectation of result or award. Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Service'' (album), a 1983 album by Yellow Magic Orchestra * ''Service'' (film), a 2008 film * ''Service'' (play), a 1932 play by British writer Dodie Smith * Service (record label), a Swedish record label * "Service" (''The Walking Dead''), a 2016 television episode of ''The Walking De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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