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Vivara
Vivara is a satellite islet of Procida, one of the three main islands in the Gulf of Naples. (The other two are Ischia and Capri.) Geography Vivara flanks Procida to the south-west and is connected to it by a bridge. Vivara is a crescent-shaped remnant ridge of an ancient volcanic crater, part of the Phlegraean Fields. It is now a nature reserve of , established under D.M. 24.06.02. In 1905, Giuseppe De Lorenzo described it thus: History Archaeological digs have uncovered fragments of Mycenaean/ Late Helladic pottery together with Proto-Apennine and Apennine material, pointing to a Middle Bronze Age trading site ( emporium). Surveys around the coast, have established sunken coastal installations, pointing to extensive fishing and trading facilities, now up to 18m below the waterline. It is assumed that the lowest of these installations predate the Avellino eruption of Vesuvius, while some of the later ones may be associated with the Late Helladic material found elsewhere arou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Procida
Procida (; nap, Proceta ) is one of the Flegrean Islands off the coast of Naples in southern Italy. The island is between Cape Miseno and the island of Ischia. With its tiny satellite island of Vivara, it is a ''comune'' of the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the region of Campania. Etymology The island derives its name from the Latin name ''Prochyta''. Προχύτη/Prochýtē means 'poured out' in Ancient Greek. According to another theory, ''Prochyta'' comes from the Ancient Greek verb ''prokeitai'', meaning 'it lies forth', because of the appearance of the island seen from the sea. Geography Procida is located between Capo Miseno and the island of Ischia. It is less than . Its coastlines, very jagged, are . The ''Terra Murata'' hill is the highest point on the island (). Geologically, Procida was created by the eruption of four volcanoes, now dormant and submerged. History Ancient history Some Mycenaean Greek objects from the 16th to 15th centuries BCE have been f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Islands Of Italy
This is a list of islands of Italy. There are over 400 islands in Italy, including islands in the Mediterranean Sea (including the marginal seas: Adriatic Sea, Ionian Sea, Libyan Sea, Ligurian Sea, Sea of Sardinia, Tyrrhenian Sea, and inland islands in lakes and rivers. The largest island is Sicily with an area of . The outlying islands of Italy make up an official region of Insular Italy with an area of . Insular Italy Italy has a coastline and border of on the Mediterranean Sea. The following sections list the islands by coastal region, major island, lagoon, or archipelago. Calabria Islands off the coast of Calabria include: * - *Cirella - * Coreca Reefs - * Isola di Dino (uninhabited) - *Formiche Skerries - *Galea Skerries - *Galera Skerries - *Godano Skerry - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - *, * - *, * - * - * Scorzone Skerry - *, *, * - * - Campanian Archipelago Islands in the Campanian Archipelago include: *Flegrean Isles **Capri - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlegraean Fields
The Phlegraean Fields ( it, Campi Flegrei ; nap, Campe Flegree, from Ancient Greek 'to burn') is a large region of supervolcanic calderas situated to the west of Naples, Italy. It was declared a regional park in 2003. The area of the caldera consists of 24 craters and volcanic edifices; most of them lie under water. Hydrothermal activity can be observed at Lucrino, Agnano and the town of Pozzuoli. There are also effusive gaseous manifestations in the Solfatara crater, the mythological home of the Roman god of fire, Vulcan. This area is monitored by the Vesuvius Observatory. It is considered a supervolcano. The area also features bradyseismic phenomena, which are most evident at the Macellum of Pozzuoli (misidentified as a temple of Serapis): bands of boreholes left by marine molluscs on marble columns show that the level of the site in relation to sea level has varied. Geological phases Three geological phases or periods are recognised and distinguished. * The Fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volcanoes Of Italy
The volcanism of Italy is due chiefly to the presence, a short distance to the south, of the boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate. Italy is a volcanically active country, containing the only active volcanoes in mainland Europe (while volcanic islands are also present in Greece, in the volcanic arc of the southern Aegean). The lava erupted by Italy's volcanoes is thought to result from the subduction and melting of one plate below another. Three main clusters of volcanism exist: a line of volcanic centres running northwest along the central part of the Italian mainland (see: Campanian volcanic arc); a cluster northeast of Sicily in the Aeolian Islands; and a cluster southwest of Sicily around the island of Pantelleria, in the Mediterranean's Strait of Sicily. Sardinia has had a totally separate geological history from that of the rest of Italy, where several cycles of volcanic activity occurred, the last of which ended at the beginning of the Pleistocen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Helladic
Helladic chronology is a relative dating system used in archaeology and art history. It complements the Minoan chronology scheme devised by Sir Arthur Evans for the categorisation of Bronze Age artefacts from the Minoan civilization within a historical framework. Whereas Minoan chronology is specific to Crete, the cultural and geographical scope of Helladic chronology is mainland Greece during the same timespan (c.3200–c.1050). Similarly, a Cycladic chronology system is used for artifacts found in the Aegean islands. Archaeological evidence has shown that, broadly, civilisation developed concurrently across the whole region and so the three schemes complement each other chronologically. They are grouped together as "Aegean" in terms such as Aegean art and, rather more controversially, Aegean civilization. The systems derive primarily from changes in the style of pottery, which is a benchmark for relative dating of associated artifacts such as tools and weapons. On the basi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campanian Volcanic Arc
The Campanian volcanic arc is a volcanic arc that consists of a number of active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes in the Campania region of Italy. The Campanian volcanic arc centers on the bay of Naples and includes: * Mount Vesuvius: an active volcano that last erupted in 1944. * Phlegraean Fields: a huge, ancient caldera containing the western area of Naples. The area is a collection of numerous extinct craters that are evidence of ancient eruptions; however, also included in this area is Solfatara, a shallow volcanic crater still emitting jets of sulfur fumes and, thus, still active. * Ischia: an island 20 kilometres west of Naples, it last erupted in 1302. * Palinuro, Vavilev, Marsili, and Magnaghi: undersea extinct or dormant volcanoes south of Vesuvius. The last three were discovered in the 1950s and bear the names of the geologists who discovered them. Palinuro was known earlier. , there was some concern about the state of "dormancy" of Marsili, which is 3,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islands Of Campania
An island (or isle) is an isolated piece of habitat that is surrounded by a dramatically different habitat, such as water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. Sedimentary islands in the Ganges delta are called chars. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands, such as the Philippines, is referred to as an archipelago. There are two main types of islands in the sea: continental and oceanic. There are also artificial islands, which are man-made. Etymology The word ''island'' derives from Middle English ''iland'', from Old English ''igland'' (from ''ig'' or ''ieg'', similarly meaning 'island' when used independently, and -land carrying its contemporary meaning; cf. Dutch ''eiland'' ("island"), German ''Eiland'' ("small island")). However, the spelling of the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avellino Eruption
The Avellino eruption of Mount Vesuvius refers to a Vesuvian eruption in 1995 BC. It is estimated to have had a Volcanic Explosivity Index, VEI of 6, making it larger and more catastrophic than Vesuvius's more famous and well-documented Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, 79 AD eruption. It is the source of the Avellino pumice ( it, Pomici di Avellino) deposits extensively found in the comune of Avellino in Campania. Characteristics of the eruption The "assessment of volcanological factors" in one scientific study reconstructs a minimum eruption time of 3 hours in which an initial explosion raised a column of ash and deposited about 0.32 km3 of white pumice ("the white pumice phase"), while a second, more intense explosion raised a column to depositing 1.25 km3 of grey pumice ("the grey pumice phase"). These pumices appearing in Apulian pottery can be used to establish the relative chronology of pottery phases. A 2008 study of the Lithology, lithofacies (deposits ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emporium (antiquity)
An emporium refers to a trading post, factory, or market of Classical antiquity, derived from the grc, ἐμπόριον, (empórion), which becomes la, emporium. The plural is ''emporia'' in both languages, although in Greek the plural undergoes a semantic shift to mean "merchandise". ''Emporium'' is a term that has also been used to describe the centres of heightened trade during the Early Middle Ages. ''Emporia'' varied greatly in their level of activity. Some seem to have functioned much like the permanent European trading colonies in China, India and Japan in the early modern period or those of the mediaeval Italian maritime republics in the Levant. Others were probably annual events for a few days or weeks like the medieval Champagne fairs or modern trade fairs. Examples Famous ''emporia'' include: Elim, where Hatshepsut kept her Red Sea fleet; Elat, where Thebes was supplied with mortuary materials, linen, bitumen, naphtha, frankincense, myrrh and carved stone am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age system proposed in 1836 by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen for classifying and studying ancient societies and history. An ancient civilization is deemed to be part of the Bronze Age because it either produced bronze by smelting its own copper and alloying it with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or traded other items for bronze from production areas elsewhere. Bronze is harder and more durable than the other metals available at the time, allowing Bronze Age civilizations to gain a technological advantage. While terrestrial iron is naturally abundant, the higher temperature required for smelting, , in addition to the greater difficulty of working with the metal, placed it out of reach of common use until the end of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyrrhenian Sea
The Tyrrhenian Sea (; it, Mar Tirreno , french: Mer Tyrrhénienne , sc, Mare Tirrenu, co, Mari Tirrenu, scn, Mari Tirrenu, nap, Mare Tirreno) is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy. It is named for the Tyrrhenian people identified with the Etruscans of Italy. Geography The sea is bounded by the islands of Corsica and Sardinia (to the west), the Italian Peninsula (regions of Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, Basilicata, and Calabria) to the north and east, and the island of Sicily (to the south). The Tyrrhenian Sea also includes a number of smaller islands like Capri, Elba, Ischia, and Ustica. The maximum depth of the sea is . The Tyrrhenian Sea is situated near where the African and Eurasian Plates meet; therefore mountain chains and active volcanoes such as Mount Marsili are found in its depths. The eight Aeolian Islands and Ustica are located in the southern part of the sea, north of Sicily. Extent The International Hydrographic Organization defin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycenae
Mycenae ( ; grc, Μυκῆναι or , ''Mykē̂nai'' or ''Mykḗnē'') is an archaeological site near Mykines in Argolis, north-eastern Peloponnese, Greece. It is located about south-west of Athens; north of Argos; and south of Corinth. The site is inland from the Saronic Gulf and built upon a hill rising above sea level. In the second millennium BC, Mycenae was one of the major centres of Greek civilization, a military stronghold which dominated much of southern Greece, Crete, the Cyclades and parts of southwest Anatolia. The period of Greek history from about 1600 BC to about 1100 BC is called Mycenaean in reference to Mycenae. At its peak in 1350 BC, the citadel and lower town had a population of 30,000 and an area of 32 hectares. The first correct identification of Mycenae in modern literature was during a survey conducted by Francesco Grimani, commissioned by the Provveditore Generale of the Kingdom of the Morea in 1700, who used Pausanias's description of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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