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Vitisin A (pyranoanthocyanin)
Vitisin A is a natural phenol found in red wines.Brazilian red wines made from the hybrid grape cultivar Isabel: Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity. Suzana Lucy Nixdorf and Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez, Analytica Chimica Acta, Volume 659, Issues 1-2, 5 February 2010, Pages 208-215, It is a pyranoanthocyanin.Effect of acetaldehyde and several acids on the formation of vitisin A in model wine anthocyanin and colour evolution. Romero C. and Bakker J., International journal of food science & technology, 2000, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 129-140, See also * Phenolic compounds in wine * Vitisin B (pyranoanthocyanin) Vitisin B is a natural phenol found in red wines.Brazilian red wines made from the hybrid grape cultivar Isabel: Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity. Suzana Lucy Nixdorf and Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez, Analytica Chimica Acta, Volume 65 ... References External links Vitisin A on www.phenol-explorer.eu Pyranoanthocyanins {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malvidin
Malvidin is an O-methylated anthocyanidin, the 3',5'-methoxy derivative of delphinidin. As a primary plant pigment, its glycosides are highly abundant in nature. Natural occurrences Malvidin is responsible for the blue color found in petals of the ''Primula'' plants of the ''polyanthus'' group. Blue flowers of the blue pimpernel ('' Anagallis monelli'') have also a higher concentration of malvidin. It is responsible primarily for the color of red wine, ''Vitis vinifera'' being one of its sources. It is also present in other berries, such as blueberries (''Vaccinium corymbosum'') or the saskatoon berries (''Amelanchier alnifolia''). Chemistry Slightly acidic and neutral solutions of malvidin are characteristically of a red color, while basic solutions of malvidin yield a blue color. The breakdown of malvidin releases syringic acid. Use as a marker in archaeology The breakdown of malvidin releases syringic acid as revealed in the examination of jars containing shedeh, a dr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glucoside
A glucoside is a glycoside that is derived from glucose. Glucosides are common in plants, but rare in animals. Glucose is produced when a glucoside is hydrolysed by purely chemical means, or decomposed by fermentation or enzymes. The name was originally given to plant products of this nature, in which the other part of the molecule was, in the greater number of cases, an aromatic aldehydic or phenolic compound (exceptions are Jinigrin and Jalapin or Scammonin). It has now been extended to include synthetic ethers, such as those obtained by acting on alcoholic glucose solutions with hydrochloric acid, and also the polysaccharoses, e.g. cane sugar, which appear to be ethers also. Although glucose is the most common sugar present in glucosides, many are known which yield rhamnose or iso-dulcite; these may be termed pentosides. Much attention has been given to the non-sugar parts (aglyca) of the molecules; the constitutions of many have been determined, and the compounds synthesi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyruvic Acid
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CH3COCOO−, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell. Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation. Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking. Chemistry In 1834, Théophile-Jules Pelouze distilled tartaric acid and isolated glutaric acid and another unknown organic acid. Jöns Jacob Berzelius characterized this other acid the following year and named pyruvic acid because it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyranoanthocyanin
The pyranoanthocyanins are a type of pyranoflavonoids. They are chemical compounds formed in red wines by yeast during fermentation processes or during controlled oxygenation processes during the aging of wine. The different classes of pyranoanthocyanins are carboxypyranoanthocyanins, methylpyranoanthocyanins, pyranoanthocyanin-flavanols, pyranoanthocyanin-phenols, portisins, oxovitisins and pyranoanthocyanin dimers; their general structure includes an additional ring (formed between the OH group at C-5 and the C-4 of the anthocyanin pyranic ring) that may have different substituents linked directly at C-10. Examples * Carboxypyranoanthocyanidins, can be considered markers of microoxygenation techniques * Hydroxyphenyl-pyranoanthocyanins * Vitisin A and B * Pinotins * Portosins (vinylpyranoanthocyanins) Vitisin A type * Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside-pyruvic acid (m/z of +H ion:517, λmax 506 nm) * Cyanidin-3-O-acetylglucoside-pyruvic acid (559 - 507) * Cyanidin-coumar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenolic Compounds In Wine
The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine. These compounds include phenolic acids, stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins, flavanol monomers (catechins) and flavanol polymers ( proanthocyanidins). This large group of natural phenols can be broadly separated into two categories, flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Flavonoids include the anthocyanins and tannins which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of the wine. The non-flavonoids include the stilbenoids such as resveratrol and phenolic acids such as benzoic, caffeic and cinnamic acids. Origin of the phenolic compounds The natural phenols are not evenly distributed within the fruit. Phenolic acids are largely present in the pulp, anthocyanins and stilbenoids in the skin, and other phenols (catechins, proanthocyanidins and flavonols) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitisin B (pyranoanthocyanin)
Vitisin B is a natural phenol found in red wines.Brazilian red wines made from the hybrid grape cultivar Isabel: Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity. Suzana Lucy Nixdorf and Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez, Analytica Chimica Acta, Volume 659, Issues 1-2, 5 February 2010, Pages 208-215, It is a pyranoanthocyanin.Effect of acetaldehyde and several acids on the formation of vitisin A in model wine anthocyanin and colour evolution. Romero C. and Bakker J., International journal of food science & technology, 2000, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 129-140, See also * Phenolic compounds in wine * Vitisin A (pyranoanthocyanin) Vitisin A is a natural phenol found in red wines.Brazilian red wines made from the hybrid grape cultivar Isabel: Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity. Suzana Lucy Nixdorf and Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez, Analytica Chimica Acta, Volume 65 ... References Pyranoanthocyanins Methoxy compounds {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
