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Vigo Ordnance Plant
The Vigo Ordnance Plant, also known as the Vigo Chemical Plant or simply Vigo Plant, was a United States Army facility built in 1942 to produce conventional weapons. In 1944 it was converted to produce biological agents for the U.S. bio-weapons program. The plant never produced any bio-weapons before the end of World War II but did produce 8000 pounds of an anthrax simulant. The plant was transferred to Pfizer after the war; the company operated it until announcing its closure in 2008. Location The Vigo Ordnance Plant was located on of a more than government-owned tract and cost $21 million to build. The facility was constructed in the Honey Creek Township in Vigo County, Indiana. The plant was located about six miles (10 km) south of Terre Haute. The area surrounding the plant was flat, covered with cornfields and dotted by hog farms. The site of the former Vigo Plant is south of Interstate 70 near Highway 41 and Indiana State Highways 150 and 63. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terre Haute Ordnance Depot
The Terre Haute Ordnance Depot was a World War II-era U.S. supply depot located in Terre Haute, Indiana. History Construction on the Terre Haute Ordnance Depot began on June 4, 1942. It was one of two ordnance depots activated in Vigo County, Indiana that year. The depot was completed on December 4, 1942 at a cost of $5.6 million. Terre Haute Ordnance Depot was located on east of Fruitridge Avenue in Terre Haute, Indiana.McCormick, Mike. ''Terre Haute: Queen City of the Wabash'',Google Books, Arcadia Publishing, 2005, pp. 129-130, (). Mission The Terre Haute Ordnance Depot was mostly a warehouse complex engaged in various activities. The work at Terre Haute included storing spare parts, repairing transport vehicles, and shipping supplies to other military installations. See also *Vigo Ordnance Plant The Vigo Ordnance Plant, also known as the Vigo Chemical Plant or simply Vigo Plant, was a United States Army facility built in 1942 to produce conventional weapons. In 1944 it was c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New York Review Of Books
''The New York Review of Books'' (or ''NYREV'' or ''NYRB'') is a semi-monthly magazine with articles on literature, culture, economics, science and current affairs. Published in New York City, it is inspired by the idea that the discussion of important books is an indispensable literary activity. ''Esquire'' called it "the premier literary-intellectual magazine in the English language." In 1970, writer Tom Wolfe described it as "the chief theoretical organ of Radical Chic". The ''Review'' publishes long-form reviews and essays, often by well-known writers, original poetry, and has letters and personals advertising sections that had attracted critical comment. In 1979 the magazine founded the ''London Review of Books'', which soon became independent. In 1990 it founded an Italian edition, ''la Rivista dei Libri'', published until 2010. The ''Review'' has a book publishing division, established in 1999, called New York Review Books, which publishes reprints of classics, as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillemin, Jeanne
Jeanne Harley Guillemin (March 6, 1943 - November 15, 2019) was an American medical anthropologist and author, who for 25 years taught at Boston College as a Professor of Sociology and for over ten years was a senior fellow in the Security Studies Program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She was an authority on biological weapons and published four books on the topic. Biography Born (March 6, 1943) Jean Elizabeth Garrigan in Brooklyn, New York City, she was raised in Rutherford, New Jersey and received a bachelor's degree (1968) in social psychology from Harvard University. In 1973, she completed a PhD in sociology and anthropology at Brandeis University. She taught at Boston College from 1972 until 2005. While at Boston College, Guillemin did extensive research on hospital technology and medical ethics, receiving fellowships to work on the U.S. Senate Finance Committee staff and at the Hastings Center for the Study of Ethics. She was also co-head of the National Librar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tributyl Phosphate
Tributyl phosphate, known commonly as TBP, is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2O)3PO. This colourless, odorless liquid finds some applications as an extractant and a plasticizer. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with ''n''-butanol. Production Tributyl phosphate is manufactured by reaction of phosphoryl chloride with ''n''-butanol. : POCl3 + 3 C4H9OH → PO(OC4H9)3 + 3 HCl Production is estimated at 3,000–5,000 tonnes worldwide. Use TBP is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. It forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complexes are soluble in organic solvents as well as supercritical CO2. The major uses of TBP in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare-earth metals from their ores. TBP finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid ( Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with the molecular formula . It is a colorless, odorless and viscous liquid that is miscible with water. Pure sulfuric acid does not exist naturally on Earth due to its strong affinity to water vapor; it is hygroscopic and readily absorbs water vapor from the air. Concentrated sulfuric acid is highly corrosive towards other materials, from rocks to metals, since it is an oxidant with powerful dehydrating properties. Phosphorus pentoxide is a notable exception in that it is not dehydrated by sulfuric acid, but to the contrary dehydrates sulfuric acid to sulfur trioxide. Upon addition of sulfuric acid to water, a considerable amount of heat is released; thus the reverse procedure of adding water to the acid should not be performed since the heat released may boi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corrosive Substance
A corrosive substance is one that will damage or destroy other substances with which it comes into contact by means of a chemical reaction. Etymology The word ''corrosive'' is derived from the Latin verb ''corrodere'', which means ''to gnaw'', indicating how these substances seem to "gnaw" their way through flesh or other materials. Chemical terms The word ''corrosive'' refers to any chemical that will dissolve the structure of an object. They can be acids, oxidizers, or bases. When they come in contact with a surface, the surface deteriorates. The deterioration can happen in minutes, e.g. concentrated hydrochloric acid spilled on skin; or slowly over days or years, e.g. the rusting of iron in a bridge. Sometimes the word ''caustic'' is used as a synonym for ''corrosive'' when referring to the effect on living tissues. At low concentrations, a corrosive substance is called an ''irritant'', and its effect on living tissue is called irritation. At high concentrations, a corro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillus Globigii
''Bacillus'' (Latin "stick") is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum ''Bacillota'', with 266 named species. The term is also used to describe the shape (rod) of other so-shaped bacteria; and the plural ''Bacilli'' is the name of the class of bacteria to which this genus belongs. ''Bacillus'' species can be either obligate aerobes which are dependent on oxygen, or facultative anaerobes which can survive in the absence of oxygen. Cultured ''Bacillus'' species test positive for the enzyme catalase if oxygen has been used or is present. ''Bacillus'' can reduce themselves to oval endospores and can remain in this dormant state for years. The endospore of one species from Morocco is reported to have survived being heated to 420 °C. Endospore formation is usually triggered by a lack of nutrients: the bacterium divides within its cell wall, and one side then engulfs the other. They are not true spores (i.e., not an offspring). Endospore format ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ira Baldwin
Ira Lawrence Baldwin (August 20, 1895 – August 9, 1999) was the founder and director emeritus of the Wisconsin Academy Foundation. He began teaching bacteriology at the University of Wisconsin in 1927 and a few years later moved into what became a career in administration. He held positions as chair of the Department of Bacteriology, dean of the Graduate School, dean and director of the College of Agriculture, university vice president for academic affairs, and special assistant to the president. He was also involved in programs for agricultural development both in the United States and abroad. Ira Baldwin wrote a hostile review of Rachel Carson's ''Silent Spring'', titled "Chemicals and Pests," in the journal ''Science''. Biography Early life and education Ira Baldwin was born in 1895 on a 40-acre farm in Indiana. In his youth, he earned money to attend college by selling ducks and husking corn. He served state-side as a second lieutenant in an artillery unit. Baldwin attend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regis, Ed
Edward Regis, Jr (born 1944) — known as Ed Regis — is an American philosopher, educator and author. He specializes in books and articles about science, philosophy and intelligence. His topics have included nanotechnology, transhumanism and biological warfare. His articles have appeared in several scientific magazines, including ''Scientific American'', '' Harper's Magazine'', ''Wired'', ''Discover'', ''The New York Times'', ''Journal of Philosophy'', ''Ethics'' and the '' American Philosophical Quarterly''. Personal Regis was born in 1944. He received a Ph.D in Philosophy from New York University. Regis and his wife live in the mountains near Camp David, in Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to .... Works Editor * * Original works * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M33 Cluster Bomb
M33, M-33, or M.33 may refer to: * M-33 (Michigan highway), a state highway in Michigan * M33 cluster bomb, a Cold War-era U.S. biological cluster bomb * HMS ''M33'', an ''M29''-class monitor warship of the Royal Navy * M33 helmet, used by the Italian Army in World War II * Macchi M.33, an Italian racing flying boat of 1925 * Miles M.33 Monitor, a 1944 twin engined British target tug aircraft * Mike Tempesta (aka M.33), a rock guitarist * Messier 33, or Triangulum Galaxy, a galaxy in the Local Group of galaxies * M33 (gene) * M33 (Cape Town), a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa * M33 (Johannesburg), a Metropolitan Route in Johannesburg, South Africa * M33 (Pretoria), a Metropolitan Route in Pretoria, South Africa * M33 (Durban), a Metropolitan Route in Durban, South Africa * Samsung Galaxy M33 5G The Samsung Galaxy M33 5G is an Android-based smartphone produced by Samsung. This phone announced on 04 March 2022. References Android (operating system) devices ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cluster Bomb
A cluster munition is a form of air-dropped or ground-launched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller submunitions. Commonly, this is a cluster bomb that ejects explosive bomblets that are designed to kill personnel and destroy vehicles. Other cluster munitions are designed to destroy runways or electric power transmission lines, disperse chemical or biological weapons, or to scatter land mines. Some submunition-based weapons can disperse non-munitions, such as leaflets. Because cluster bombs release many small bomblets over a wide area, they pose risks to civilians both during attacks and afterwards. Unexploded bomblets can kill or maim civilians and/or unintended targets long after a conflict has ended, and are costly to locate and remove. Cluster munitions are prohibited for those nations that ratified the Convention on Cluster Munitions, adopted in Dublin, Ireland, in May 2008. The Convention entered into force and became binding international law upon ratifyi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
