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Vienna Document
The Vienna Document is a series of agreements on confidence and security-building measures between the states of Europe, starting in 1990, with subsequent updates in 1992, 1994, 1999 and 2011. The Vienna Document 2011 was adopted by 57 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) participating states, including the states of Central Asia and Russia (for its territory west of the Ural Mountains). It described its ''zone of application'' (ZOA) as "the whole of Europe, as well as the adjoining sea area and air space". Creation The Vienna Document was first adopted in 1990 as a combination of confidence and security-building measure (CSBMs) from the 1975 Helsinki Accords and the 1986 Stockholm Document. The Vienna Document on CSBMs and the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) were seen as parallel peace process components. Updates 1990s The Vienna Document was updated in 1992, 1994,1999 and 2011. 2000s The Vienna Document was seen as a low priority in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confidence-building Measures
Confidence-building measures (CBMs) or confidence- and security-building measures (CSBMs) are actions taken to reduce fear of attack by both (or more) parties in a situation of conflict. The term is most often used in the context of armed conflict, but is similar in logic to that of trust and interpersonal communication used to reduce conflictual situations among human individuals. History Embassies and people to people contacts Confidence-building measures between sovereign states for many centuries included the existence of and increased activities by embassies, which are state institutions geographically located inside the territory of other states, staffed by people expected to have extremely good interpersonal skills who can explain and resolve misunderstandings due to differences in language and culture which are incorrectly perceived as threatening, or encourage local knowledge of a foreign culture by funding artistic and cultural activities. A much more grassroots form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OSCE
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization with observer status at the United Nations. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, promotion of human rights, freedom of the press, and free and fair elections. It employs around 3,460 people, mostly in its field operations but also in its secretariat in Vienna, Austria, and its institutions. It has its origins in the mid-1975 Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland. The OSCE is concerned with early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management, and post-conflict rehabilitation. Most of its 57 participating countries are in Europe, but there are a few members present in Asia and North America. The participating states cover much of the land area of the Northern Hemisphere. It was created during the Cold War era as a forum for discussion between the Western Bloc and Eastern Bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defense Treaty Ready Inspection Readiness Program
The Defense Treaty Ready Inspection Readiness Program (DTIRP) is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) security preparedness and outreach program designed to provide security education and awareness concerning the operational activities associated with arms control implementation. DTIRP uses specially trained personnel, analyses, and educational activities to provide arms control implementation advice and assistance to facilities subject to on-site inspection activities and observation overflights. The authority for the DTIRP outreach program is provided by Department of Defense Instruction 5205.10, Department of Defense Treaty Inspection Readiness Program (DTIRP). This Directive states the purpose of the DTIRP outreach program as being to ensure the continued protection of Department of Defense programs, operations, and activities by providing security preparedness education, assistance, and advice concerning the wide range of operational activities associated with implementi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global Exchange Of Military Information
Global Exchange of Military Information is an arms control annual exchange of information sponsored by the Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe. Under this agreement, all participating states exchange information about all of their military forces throughout the world. This exchange differs from that under the Vienna Document in that it is not limited to forces in Europe, that is, between the Atlantic and the Urals. The information that is exchanged includes: * Location and personnel strength of general staff. * Command organizations, chain of command A command hierarchy is a group of people who carry out orders based on others' authority within the group. It can be viewed as part of a power structure, in which it is usually seen as the most vulnerable and also the most powerful part. Milit ..., location, and personnel strength. * Total authorized personnel strength of armed forces. * Total holdings of weapon systems by category and subcategory, and their lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael R
Michael may refer to: People * Michael (given name), a given name * Michael (surname), including a list of people with the surname Michael Given name "Michael" * Michael (archangel), ''first'' of God's archangels in the Jewish, Christian and Islamic religions * Michael (bishop elect), English 13th-century Bishop of Hereford elect * Michael (Khoroshy) (1885–1977), cleric of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada * Michael Donnellan (1915–1985), Irish-born London fashion designer, often referred to simply as "Michael" * Michael (footballer, born 1982), Brazilian footballer * Michael (footballer, born 1983), Brazilian footballer * Michael (footballer, born 1993), Brazilian footballer * Michael (footballer, born February 1996), Brazilian footballer * Michael (footballer, born March 1996), Brazilian footballer * Michael (footballer, born 1999), Brazilian footballer Rulers =Byzantine emperors= *Michael I Rangabe (d. 844), married the daughter of Emperor Nikephoros I * Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktor Khrenin
Viktor Gennadievich Khrenin ( be, Віктар Генадзевіч Хрэнін, russian: Виктор Геннадиевич Хренин) is a senior leader in the Belarusian Armed Forces and the current Minister of Defense. Lieutenant General (2020). Life and career He was born on 1 August 1971 in Navahrudak, a town in the Grodno Region. His father, Gennady Khrenin, was a Soviet Army Colonel in Reserve from the Penza Oblast. He graduated in 1988 from the Minsk Suvorov Military School. After graduating from the Omsk-based Frunze Higher Combined Arms Command School in 1992, he served as a platoon commander and later a battalion commander in the 6th Guards Kiev-Berlin Mechanised Brigade. After graduating from the Military Academy of Belarus in 2005, Khrenin served as a senior officer in the operational department of the headquarters of the Western Operational Command. After leaving this post, he took a number of leadership positions that climaxed when he became the commander ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Defence (Belarus)
The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Belarus (russian: Министерство обороны Республики Беларусь; be, Мiнiстэрства абароны Рэспублікі Беларусь) is the government organisation that is charged with the duties of raising and maintaining the Armed Forces of Belarus. The formation of the ministry began in March 1992, after the events of 1991 in which the Soviet Union had effectively dissolved. The ministry was formed on the basis of the former Headquarters of the Soviet Army's Belorussian Military District. Seven officers have served as Minister of Defence of Belarus: Petr Chaus, Pavel Kozlovskii, Anatoly Kostenko, Leonid Maltsev (1995–96), Colonel General Alexander Chumakov, a Russian officer, (1996–2001), Yuriy Zhadobin (2009–2014), Andrei Ravkov (2014–2020), and Viktor Khrenin (2020–present). The ministry is part of the Security Council of Belarus, interdepartmental meeting with a mandate to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oleksii Reznikov
Oleksii Yuriyovych Reznikov (; born 18 June 1966) is a Ukrainian lawyer and politician who has served as the List of Ministers of Defense (Ukraine), Minister of Defence of Ukraine since 4 November 2021. Reznikov previously has served in several other positions in the government of Ukraine; First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine, Deputy Prime Minister, Ministry of Temporarily Occupied Territories and IDPs, Minister for Reintegration of the Temporarily Occupied Territories of Ukraine, deputy head of the Kyiv City State Administration from 2016 to 2018, and deputy mayor-secretary of the Kyiv City Council from June 2014Oleksiy Reznikov elected as Kiev City Council Secretary Interfax-Ukraine (19 June 2014) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Defence (Ukraine)
{{unsourced, date=February 2021 A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is an often-used name for the part of a government responsible for matters of defence, found in states where the government is divided into ministries or departments. Such a department usually includes all branches of the military, and is usually controlled by a defence minister, minister of defence, or secretary of defense. Historically, such departments were referred to as a Ministry of War or Department of War, although such departments generally had authority only over the army of a country, with a separate department governing other military branches. Prior to World War II, most "Ministries of War" were Army ministries, while the Navy and the Air Force, if it existed as a separate branch, had their own departments. As late as 1953, for example, the Soviet Union had a "Ministry of War" alongside a "Ministry of the Navy". The tendency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Gryzlov
Boris Vyacheslavovich Gryzlov (also spelled Grizlov; russian: Борис Вячеславович Грызлов, ; born December 15, 1950), is a Russian politician. He was Interior Minister from 2001 to 2003 and Speaker of the State Duma (the lower house of parliament) from 2003 to 2011. Boris Gryzlov is a close ally of President Vladimir Putin. Early career Gryzlov was born in Vladivostok but was raised in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg). He graduated from the Leningrad Electrical Institute of Communications in 1973 and worked as a radio engineer. From 1977 to 1996, he worked his way up from being an engineer to division director in the Elektronpribor plant. He was not a public figure before 1999. In October 1999, he became head of the St Petersburg regional branch of Sergey Shoygu's Unity party, and in December 1999, he was elected to the State Duma running on the Unity party ticket. In January 2000, he was elected chairman of the Unity faction in the Duma. Interior Minister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Resolve 2022
Union Resolve 2022 (russian: Союзная решимость — 2022) were joint military exercises between the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (, ), commonly referred to as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military forces of Russia. In terms of active-duty personnel, they are the world's fifth-largest military force, with at least two m ... and the Republic of Belarus, which were held from February 10 to 20, 2022. References {{2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 2022 in Belarus 2022 in Russia 2022 in military history Belarusian military exercises Belarus–Russia relations Military exercises involving Russia February 2022 events in Europe February 2022 events in Russia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artis Pabriks
Artis Pabriks (born 22 March 1966) is a Latvian politician. Since January 2019 he has been the Minister for Defence and Deputy Prime Minister of Latvia. From 2014 to 2018, he was a Member of the European Parliament. Early life and career After completing his mandatory two-year stint in the Soviet Army, Pabriks obtained a degree in history from the University of Latvia in 1992 and, on a Danish-financed grant,Gary Peach (October 23, 2013)Artis Pabriks – Tolerant fighter''European Voice''. completed his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Aarhus in 1996. After finishing his Ph.D. on minorities in Europe, he became the rector of the Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences, a newly founded regional college located in Valmiera. He has co-authored one book: ''Latvia: Challenge of Change'' (2001), which was subsequently re-published together with volumes on Lithuania and Estonia under the title ''The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania'' (2002). Both were published ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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