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Vetulicolian
VetulicoliaThe taxon name, Vetulocolia, is derived from the type genus, ''Vetulicola'', which is a compound Latin word composed of ''vetuli'' "old" and ''cola'' "inhabitant". is a taxon (either phylum or subphylum in rank) encompassing several extinct Cambrian organisms. The vetulicolian body comprises two parts: a voluminous Anatomical terms of location, anterior forebody, tipped with an anteriorly positioned mouth and lined with a row of five round to oval-shaped features on each lateral side, which have been interpreted as gills (or at least openings in the vicinity of the pharynx); and a Posterior (anatomy), posterior section that primitively comprises seven segments and functions as a tail. All vetulicolians lack preserved appendages of any kind, having no legs, feelers or even eyes. The area where the anterior and posterior parts join is constricted. Their affinity has been uncertain; they have been considered to represent Stem-group, stem- and Crown group, crown-group arthr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vetulicolia NT
VetulicoliaThe taxon name, Vetulocolia, is derived from the type genus, '' Vetulicola'', which is a compound Latin word composed of ''vetuli'' "old" and ''cola'' "inhabitant". is a taxon (either phylum or subphylum in rank) encompassing several extinct Cambrian organisms. The vetulicolian body comprises two parts: a voluminous anterior forebody, tipped with an anteriorly positioned mouth and lined with a row of five round to oval-shaped features on each lateral side, which have been interpreted as gills (or at least openings in the vicinity of the pharynx); and a posterior section that primitively comprises seven segments and functions as a tail. All vetulicolians lack preserved appendages of any kind, having no legs, feelers or even eyes. The area where the anterior and posterior parts join is constricted. Their affinity has been uncertain; they have been considered to represent stem- and crown-group arthropods, stem-group vertebrates, and early deuterostomes. The general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vetulicola
''Vetulicola'' is an extinct genus of marine animal from the Cambrian of China. It is the eponymous member of the enigmatic phylum Vetulicolia, which is of uncertain affinities but may belong to the deuterostomes. Description The type species, ''Vetulicola cuneata'' (Hou, 1987) has a body composed of two distinct parts of approximately equal length. The anterior part is rectangular with a carapace-like structure of four rigid cuticular plates, with a large mouth at the front end. The posterior section is slender, strongly cuticularised and placed dorsally. Paired openings connecting the pharynx to the outside run down the sides. These features are interpreted as possible primitive gill slits. ''Vetulicola cuneata'' could be up to 9 cm long. The ''Vetulicola'' are thought to have been swimmers that were either filter feeders or detritivores. Other ''Vetulicola'' species described are ''Vetulicola rectangulata'' (Luo & Hou, 1999), ''V. gantoucunensis'' (Luo et al., 2005) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heteromorphida
Banffidae is an extinct family of vetulicolians that is the only family of the order Banffiata and class Heteromorphida, also known as Banffozoa. It contains the genera ''Banffia'', '' Heteromorphus'', and ''Skeemella''. Banffids differ from vetulicolians of the class Vetulicolida Vetulicolida is one of the two classes of the enigmatic extinct phylum Vetulicolia. It contains one order, Vetulicolata, which is divided into two families, Vetulicolidae and Didazoonidae Didazoonidae is a family of Vetulicolian chordates conta ... in having a posterior body section with numerous segments, rather than the seven-segmented posterior body of vetulicolidans. References {{Vetulicolia Vetulicolia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banffia
''Banffia'' is a genus of animals described from Middle Cambrian fossils. The genus commemorates Banff, Alberta, near where the first fossil specimens were discovered. Its placement in higher taxa is controversial. It is considered to be a member of the enigmatic phylum Vetulicolia. Anatomy ''Banffia constricta'' is known from hundreds of fossils found in the Burgess Shales. It is up to 10 cm in length, and divided equally into anterior and posterior parts. The entire body is twisted in a clockwise spiral, as seen from the front. This is believed to be a secondary adaptation from an initial bilateral condition for a burrowing lifestyle. The anterior section is covered by two carapace-like un-mineralized shells that are fused together. A crown-like structure formed of three concentric circular features surrounds the mouth. An antenna-form structure just posterior to the mouth may be a sensory organ. The posterior section is composed of 40 to 50 segments. The gut is stra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shenzianyuloma
''Shenzianyuloma'' is an extinct genus of vetulicolians, represented by a single species, ''Shenzianyuloma yunnanense'', from the Maotianshan Shale The Maotianshan Shales are a series of Early Cambrian deposits in the Chiungchussu Formation, famous for their '' Konservat Lagerstätten'', deposits known for the exceptional preservation of fossilized organisms or traces. The Maotianshan Shales ... during Stage 3 (518 million years ago) of the Cambrian period. It is notable for having a body shape akin to that of an angelfish. The name of the genus is derived from the Chinese ''shénxiān yú'' (神仙鱼), meaning " angelfish", and an anagram of '' Mola''. References {{Vetulicolia Vetulicolia Maotianshan shales fossils Fossil taxa described in 2019 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vetulicolida
Vetulicolida is one of the two classes of the enigmatic extinct phylum Vetulicolia. It contains one order, Vetulicolata, which is divided into two families, Vetulicolidae and Didazoonidae Didazoonidae is a family of Vetulicolian chordates containing the species ''Didazoon haoae'' and ''Pomatrum ventralis''. Their fossils are from the Maotianshan shales Cambrian Lagerstätte A Lagerstätte (, from ''Lager'' 'storage, lair' '' .... References {{Paleo-deuterostome-stub Vetulicolia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Didazoonidae
Didazoonidae is a family of Vetulicolian chordates containing the species ''Didazoon haoae'' and ''Pomatrum ventralis''. Their fossils are from the Maotianshan shales Cambrian Lagerstätte A Lagerstätte (, from ''Lager'' 'storage, lair' '' Stätte'' 'place'; plural ''Lagerstätten'') is a sedimentary deposit that exhibits extraordinary fossils with exceptional preservation—sometimes including preserved soft tissues. These for .... References Vetulicolia Prehistoric chordate families Cambrian first appearances Cambrian extinctions {{chordate-stub Animal families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chordate
A chordate () is an animal of the phylum Chordata (). All chordates possess, at some point during their larval or adult stages, five synapomorphies, or primary physical characteristics, that distinguish them from all the other taxa. These five synapomorphies include a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, endostyle or thyroid, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail. The name “chordate” comes from the first of these synapomorphies, the notochord, which plays a significant role in chordate structure and movement. Chordates are also Bilateral symmetry, bilaterally symmetric, have a coelom, possess a circulatory system, and exhibit Metameric, metameric segmentation. In addition to the morphological characteristics used to define chordates, analysis of genome sequences has identified two conserved signature indels (CSIs) in their proteins: cyclophilin-like protein and mitochondrial inner membrane protease ATP23, which are exclusively shared by all vertebrates, tunicates and cep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunicate
A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata (). It is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords (including vertebrates). The subphylum was at one time called Urochordata, and the term urochordates is still sometimes used for these animals. They are the only chordates that have lost their myomeric segmentation, with the possible exception of the 'seriation of the gill slits'. Some tunicates live as solitary individuals, but others replicate by budding and become colonies, each unit being known as a zooid. They are marine filter feeders with a water-filled, sac-like body structure and two tubular openings, known as siphons, through which they draw in and expel water. During their respiration and feeding, they take in water through the incurrent (or inhalant) siphon and expel the filtered water through the excurrent (or exhalant) siphon. Most adult tunicates are sessile, immobile and perman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saccorhytus
''Saccorhytus'' (from Latin ''saccus'' "bag" and Ancient Greek ῥύτις ''rhytis'' "wrinkle") is an extinct genus of animal possibly belonging to the superphylum Ecdysozoa, and it is represented by a single species, ''Saccorhytus coronarius'' (from Latin attributive ''coronarius'' "f acrown"). The organism lived approximately 540 million years ago in the Fortunian stage of the Cambrian Period. Initially proposed as a deuterostome, which would make it the oldest known species of this superphylum, it has since been determined to belong to a group called the ecdysozoans. Fossils of the species were first discovered in the Kuanchuanpu Formation of Shaanxi province of China by a team of scientists from the United Kingdom, China and Germany, and the findings were first published in January 2017. Description ''Saccorhytus'' was only about a millimetre (1.3 mm) in size and is characterised by its globular or hemispherical body with a prominent mouth. Its body was covered b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecdysozoa
Ecdysozoa () is a group of protostome animals, including Arthropoda (insects, chelicerata, crustaceans, and myriapods), Nematoda, and several smaller phyla. They were first defined by Aguinaldo ''et al.'' in 1997, based mainly on phylogenetic trees constructed using 18S ribosomal RNA genes. A large study in 2008 by Dunn ''et al.'' strongly supported the Ecdysozoa as a clade, that is, a group consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants. The group is also supported by morphological characters, and includes all animals that grow by ecdysis, moulting their cuticle. The group was initially contested by a significant minority of biologists. Some argued for groupings based on more traditional taxonomic techniques, while others contested the interpretation of the molecular data. Etymology The name ''Ecdysozoa'' stems etymologically . Characteristics The most notable characteristic shared by ecdysozoans is a three-layered cuticle (four in Tardigrada) composed of orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pomatrum
''Pomatrum'' is an extinct vetulicolian, the senior synonym of ''Xidazoon''; the latter taxon was described by Shu, et al. (1999) based on fossils found in the Qiongzhusi (Chiungchussu) Formation, Yu'anshan Member (Eoredlichia zone), Lower Cambrian, Haikou, ( Kunming), about 50 km west of Chengjiang, China. It has been likened to the chordate '' Pipiscius''. The fossils show that the body of the animal was divided into two parts. The anterior part of the body is moderately inflated, with a prominent mouth circlet. It has faint transverse divisions towards the front, but is otherwise smooth. The mouth circlet consists of about 30 plates divided into inner and outer regions. The anterior section has five structures on each side, which are interpreted as gills. A dark region running close to the ventral and posterior margins is interpreted as an endostyle. The condition of the anterior portion of the fossils suggests that it was thin-walled, i.e., that the anterior portion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
