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Verrières Viaduct
The Verrières Viaduct is a curved 720-metre concrete autoroute box girder bridge in the south of France, which at one point was briefly the highest bridge in France; it is almost 500 feet tall. History Design It would be the highest bridge in France. It has a concrete road deck, built on steel girders. The concrete piers are from 40 metres to 140 metres in height. Société d'études techniques et économiques (SETEC) carried out design work for the shape of the road deck. P3 pier would be the highest at 141.36m. Construction In August 1999, construction began of the steel deck structure on-site. In January 2002, the bridge deck was incrementally launched from one side. The bridge was too high to be built with a crane. 6,200 tonnes of steel were built, with 22,000 cubic metres of concrete for the five concrete piers. Groupe Razel built the concrete piers. The steelwork was built by Société d'études R. Foucault et Associés (SERF) of Cergy in Paris (Île-de-France , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A75 Autoroute
The A75 is an '' autoroute'' (motorway) in France. Known also as ''la Méridienne'', it is a developmental project with the aim of speeding up and reducing the cost of car travel from Paris southwards, and apart from the Millau Viaduct, it is entirely free for the between Clermont-Ferrand and Béziers. It was due for completion in spring 2011,"A75: Le point sur les travaux entre Pézenas et Béziers", ''Midi Libre'', 16 June 2008, p 3 but was fully open in December 2010. South of St. Flour there are excellent views of the Garabit viaduct. A large portion of the A75 is also part of the European route E11. Engineering achievements The building of a motorway across the Massif Central is, in itself, a formidable achievement. Much of the motorway runs at an altitude in excess of 800 m (2600 ft) with 50 km in excess of 1000 m (3250 ft). The single most impressive feature is undoubtedly the Millau Viaduct, which carries the road over the Tarn. It was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incremental Launch
Incremental launch is a method in civil engineering of building a complete Deck (bridge), bridge deck from one abutment of the bridge only, manufacturing the Superstructure#Bridges, superstructure of the bridge by sections to the other side. In current applications, the method is highly mechanised and uses pre-stressed concrete. History The first bridge to have been incrementally launched appears to have been the Waldshut–Koblenz Rhine Bridge, a wrought iron lattice truss bridge, lattice truss railway bridge, completed in 1859. The second incrementally launched bridge was the Rhine Bridge, Kehl, Rhine Bridge, a railway bridge that spanned the Upper Rhine between Kehl, Germany and Strasbourg, France, completed in 1861 and subsequently destroyed and rebuilt on several occasions. The first incrementally launched concrete bridge was the Span (architecture), span box girder bridge over the Caroní River, completed in 1964. The second incrementally launched concrete bridge was ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transport In Occitania (administrative Region)
Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land (rail and road), water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport enables human trade, which is essential for the development of civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of both fixed installations, including roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Means of transport are any of the different kinds of transport facilities used to carry people or cargo. They may include vehicles, riding animals, and pack animals. Vehicles may incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concrete Bridges In France
Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most widely used building material. Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminum combined. Globally, the ready-mix concrete industry, the largest segment of the concrete market, is projected to exceed $600 billion in revenue by 2025. This widespread use results in a number of environmental impacts. Most notably, the production process for cement produces large volumes of greenhouse gas emissions, leading to net 8% of global emissions. Other environmental concerns include widespread illegal sand mining, impacts on the surrounding environment such as increased surface runoff or urban heat island effect, and potential public health implications from toxic ingredients. Significant research and development is b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
