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Verrières Viaduct
The Verrières Viaduct is a curved 720-metre concrete autoroute box girder bridge in the south of France, which at one point was briefly the highest bridge in France; it is almost 500 feet tall. History Design It would be the highest bridge in France. It has a concrete road deck, built on steel girders. The concrete piers are from 40 metres to 140 metres in height. Société d'études techniques et économiques (SETEC) carried out design work for the shape of the road deck. P3 pier would be the highest at 141.36m. Construction In August 1999, construction began of the steel deck structure on-site. In January 2002, the bridge deck was incrementally launched from one side. The bridge was too high to be built with a crane. 6,200 tonnes of steel were built, with 22,000 cubic metres of concrete for the five concrete piers. Groupe Razel built the concrete piers. The steelwork was built by Société d'études R. Foucault et Associés (SERF) of Cergy in Paris (Île-de-France The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A75 Autoroute
The A75 is an '' autoroute'' (motorway) in France. Known also as ''la Méridienne'', it is a developmental project aiming to speed up, and reduce the cost of car travel from Paris to the south of France. Apart from the Millau Viaduct, it is free for the entire between Clermont-Ferrand and Béziers. It was not due to be finished until spring 2011, but was fully opened in December 2010. South of St. Flour there are views of the Garabit viaduct. A large portion of the A75 is also part of the European route E11. Engineering achievements The building of a motorway across the Massif Central, in itself, poses engineering challenges. Much of the motorway runs at an altitude in excess of with in excess of . The greatest engineering challenge was the Millau Viaduct, which carries the road over the Tarn. It was constructed under a government contract with the Eiffage group, effective for 75 years. Eiffage collects tolls at agreed rates making this the only tolled part of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incremental Launch
Incremental launch is a method in civil engineering of building a complete Deck (bridge), bridge deck from one abutment of the bridge only, manufacturing the Superstructure#Bridges, superstructure of the bridge by sections to the other side. In current applications, the method is highly mechanised and uses pre-stressed concrete. History The first bridge to have been incrementally launched appears to have been the Waldshut–Koblenz Rhine Bridge, a wrought iron lattice truss bridge, lattice truss railway bridge, completed in 1859. The second incrementally launched bridge was the Rhine Bridge, Kehl, Rhine Bridge, a railway bridge that spanned the Upper Rhine between Kehl, Germany and Strasbourg, France, completed in 1861 and subsequently destroyed and rebuilt on several occasions. The first incrementally launched concrete bridge was the Span (architecture), span box girder bridge over the Caronà River, completed in 1964. The second incrementally launched concrete bridge was ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transport In Occitania (administrative Region)
Transport (in British English) or transportation (in American English) is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land (rail and road), water, cable, pipelines, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport enables human trade, which is essential for the development of civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of both fixed installations, including roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fuel docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for the interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Means of transport are any of the different kinds of transport facilities used to carry people or cargo. They may include vehicles, riding animals, and pack animals. Vehicles may includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concrete Bridges In France
Concrete is a composite material composed of construction aggregate, aggregate bound together with a fluid cement that curing (chemistry), cures to a solid over time. It is the second-most-used substance (after water), the most–widely used building material, and the most-manufactured material in the world. When aggregate is mixed with dry Portland cement and water, the mixture forms a fluid slurry that can be poured and molded into shape. The cement reacts with the water through a process called hydration, which hardens it after several hours to form a solid matrix that binds the materials together into a durable stone-like material with various uses. This time allows concrete to not only be cast in forms, but also to have a variety of tooled processes performed. The hydration process is exothermic process, exothermic, which means that room temperature, ambient temperature plays a significant role in how long it takes concrete to set. Often, additives (such as pozzolans or su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures In Aveyron
A building or edifice is an enclosed Structure#Load-bearing, structure with a roof, walls and window, windows, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for numerous factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, monument, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the concept, see ''Nonbuilding structure'' for contrast. Buildings serve several societal needs – occupancy, primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical separation of the :Human habitats, human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) from the ''outside'' (a place that may be harsh and harmful at times). buildings have been objects or canvasses of much architecture, artistic expression. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bridges Completed In 2002
A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or railway) without blocking the path underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it. The earliest bridges were likely made with fallen trees and stepping stones. The Neolithic people built boardwalk bridges across marshland. The Arkadiko Bridge, dating from the 13th century BC, in the Peloponnese is one of the oldest arch bridges in existence and use. Etymology The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' traces the origin of the word ''bridge' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Box Girder Bridges In France
A box (plural: boxes) is a container with rigid sides used for the storage or transportation of its contents. Most boxes have flat, parallel, rectangular sides (typically rectangular prisms). Boxes can be very small (like a matchbox) or very large (like a shipping box for furniture) and can be used for a variety of purposes, from functional to decorative. Boxes may be made of a variety of materials, both durable (such as wood and metal) and non-durable (such as corrugated fiberboard and paperboard). Corrugated metal boxes are commonly used as shipping containers. Boxes may be closed and shut with flaps, doors, or a separate lid. They can be secured shut with adhesives, tapes, string, or more decorative or elaborately functional mechanisms, such as catches, clasps or locks. Packaging Several types of boxes are used in packaging and storage. * A corrugated box is a shipping container made from corrugated fiberboard, most commonly used to transport products from a wareho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ÃŽle-de-France
The ÃŽle-de-France (; ; ) is the most populous of the eighteen regions of France, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 residents on 1 January 2023. Centered on the capital Paris, it is located in the north-central part of the country and often called the Paris Region (, ). ÃŽle-de-France is densely populated and retains a prime economic position on the national stage, and it covers , about 2% of Metropolitan France, metropolitan French territory. Its 2017 population was nearly one-fifth of the national total. The region is made up of eight administrative Departments of France, departments: Paris, Essonne, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Seine-et-Marne, Val-de-Marne, Val-d'Oise and Yvelines. It was created as the "District of the Paris Region" in 1961. In 1976, when its status was aligned with the French administrative regions created in 1972, it was renamed after the historic province of ÃŽle-de-France. Residents are sometimes referred to as ''Franciliens'', an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cergy
Cergy () is a commune in the French department of Val-d'Oise, to the northwest of Paris. It is located from the centre of Paris, in the "new town" of Cergy-Pontoise, created in the 1960s, of which it is the central and most populated commune. Although neighbouring Pontoise is the official '' préfecture'' (capital) of the Val-d'Oise ''département'', the ''préfecture'' building and administration, as well as the department council (''conseil général''), are located inside the commune of Cergy, which is regarded as the ''de facto'' capital of Val-d'Oise. The ''sous-préfecture'' building and administration, on the other hand, are located inside the commune of Pontoise. Name The name Cergy comes from Medieval Latin ''Sergiacum'', meaning "estate of Sergius", a Gallo-Roman landowner. Administration Cergy is the chief town of two cantons: Cergy-1 and Cergy-2. Twin towns and sister cities * Columbia, Maryland, United States. * Erkrath, Germany. * Liaoyang, People's Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Société D'études Techniques Et économiques
Setec is the fifth largest French engineering and consulting group, involved in infrastructure and transport systems, planning, economics, waste, project, telecommunication, water, energy, geotechnical and environmental management. Setec was created in 1957 as an acronym of the French ''Société d'Études Techniques et ÉConomiques'', which means "technical and economical design company". Its headquarters are located in Paris, near the Seine. From the 1960s, the company began to organise into different subsidiaries and to develop its international business. In 2012, it acquired the American MWH's Brazilian subsidiary. This new company is called setec hidrobrasileira. Key figures Main projets The main projects that setec contributed are for example : * the Channel Tunnel, * the Millau Viaduct, * the LGV Rhin-Rhône and LGV Est * the Peking opera Peking opera, or Beijing opera (), is the most dominant form of Chinese opera, which combines instrumental music, vocal performa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
