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Variation (game)
House rules are unofficial modifications to official game rules adopted by individual groups of players. House rules may include the removal or alteration of existing rules, or the addition of new rules. Such modifications are common in Board game, board games such as Monopoly (game), ''Monopoly'' and Role-playing game, role-playing games such as ''Dungeons & Dragons''. Board games ''Monopoly (game), Monopoly'' is frequently played with Monopoly_(game)#House_rules, slightly different rules to those provided by the manufacturers, to the extent that, according to a reviewer at ''Computer Gaming World,'' "virtually no-one plays the game with the rules as written". Some video game versions of ''Monopoly'' have options where popular house rules can be enabled. In 2014, Hasbro, the publisher of ''Monopoly'', used a Facebook poll to determine the five most popular house rules, then released a "House Rules Edition" of the game incorporating those rules. Role-playing games In role-playi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monopoly Free Parking
A monopoly (from Greek language, Greek and ) is a market in which one person or company is the only supplier of a particular good or service. A monopoly is characterized by a lack of economic Competition (economics), competition to produce a particular thing, a lack of viable substitute goods, and the possibility of a high monopoly price well above the seller's marginal cost that leads to a high monopoly profit. The verb ''monopolise'' or ''monopolize'' refers to the ''process'' by which a company gains the ability to raise prices or exclude competitors. In economics, a monopoly is a single seller. In law, a monopoly is a business entity that has significant market power, that is, the power to charge Monopoly price, overly high prices, which is associated with unfair price raises. Although monopolies may be big businesses, size is not a characteristic of a monopoly. A small business may still have the power to raise prices in a small industry (or market). A monopoly may als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avalon Hill
Avalon Hill Games Inc. is a game company that publishes wargames and strategic board games. It has also published miniature wargaming rules, role-playing games and sports simulations. It is a subsidiary of Hasbro, and operates under the company's "Hasbro Gaming" division. Avalon Hill introduced many of the concepts of modern recreational wargaming, including the use of a hexagonal grid (a.k.a. hexgrid) overlaid on a flat folding board, zones of control (ZOC), stacking of multiple units at a location, and board games based upon historical events. History The Avalon Game Company Avalon Hill was started in 1952 outside Baltimore in Catonsville, Maryland, by Charles S. Roberts under the name of "The Avalon Game Company" for the publication of his game '' Tactics''. It is considered the first of a new type of war game, consisting of a self-contained printed map, pieces, rules and box designed for the mass-market. Other war games published over the prior half-century, from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Game Design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, Wargame (video games), war games, or simulation games.In ''Elements of Game Design'', game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements: * Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game. * Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In ''Chris Crawford on Game Design'', the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does". * Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game. In Academy, academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations). Process of design Game design is part of a game's development from conc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Offer And Acceptance
Offer and acceptance are generally recognized as essential requirements for the formation of a contract (together with other requirements such as consideration and legal Capacity (law), capacity). Analysis of their operation is a traditional approach in contract law. This classical approach to contract formation has been modified by developments in the law of estoppel, misleading conduct, misrepresentation, unjust enrichment, and power of acceptance. Offer Guenter Treitel, Treitel defines an offer as "an expression of willingness to contract on certain terms, made with the intention that it shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed", the "offeree". An offer is a statement of the terms on which the offeror is willing to be bound. The expression of an offer may take different forms, and which form is acceptable varies by jurisdiction. Offers may be presented in a letter, newspaper advertisement, fax, email verbally or even conduct, as long ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minnesota Supreme Court
The Minnesota Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The court hears cases in the Supreme Court chamber in the Minnesota State Capitol or in the nearby Minnesota Judicial Center. History The court was first assembled as a three-judge panel in 1849 when Minnesota was still a territory. The first members were lawyers from outside the region, appointed by President Zachary Taylor. The court system was rearranged when Minnesota became a state in 1858. Appeals from Minnesota District Courts went directly to the Minnesota Supreme Court until the Minnesota Court of Appeals, an intermediate appellate court, was created in 1983 to handle most of those cases. The court now considers about 900 appeals per year and accepts review in about one in eight cases. Before the Court of Appeals was created, the Minnesota Supreme Court handled about 1,800 cases a year. Certain appeals can go directly to the Supreme Court, such as those involving taxes, first degree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lefkowitz V
Lefkowitz, also written as Levkowitz or Lewkowicz, is a surname of German-Jewish & Polish-Jewish origin, meaning "son of Levko". Notable people with the surname include: * Abraham Lefkowitz (1884–1976), Hungarian-born American labor union leader and teacher * Bernard Lefkowitz, author, sociologist, and professor of journalism * Chad Lefkowitz-Brown, American jazz saxophonist * David Lefkowitz (1875–1955), American rabbi in Texas * Glyph Lefkowitz, American open-source software programmer * Hank Lefkowitz (1923–2007), American professional basketball player * Irving Lefkowitz (1921–2015), American control engineer, professor * Jay Lefkowitz (born 1962), American lawyer and Special Envoy for Human Rights in North Korea * Joseph Lefkowitz (1892–1983), later known as Joseph Leftwich, British critic and translator of Yiddish literature into English * Louis J. Lefkowitz (1904–1996), American lawyer and politician in New York * Mary Lefkowitz, professor at Wellesley ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Games Workshop
Games Workshop Group (often abbreviated as GW) is a British manufacturer of miniature wargames, based in Nottingham, England. Its best-known products are ''Warhammer (game), Warhammer'' and ''Warhammer 40,000''. Founded in 1975 by John Peake (game designer), John Peake, Ian Livingstone and Steve Jackson (UK), Steve Jackson, Games Workshop was originally a manufacturer of wooden boards for games including backgammon, mancala, nine men's morris and Go (board game), Go. It later became an importer of the U.S. role-playing game ''Dungeons & Dragons'', and then a publisher of wargames and role-playing games in its own right, expanding from a bedroom mail-order company in the process. It expanded into Europe, the US, Canada, and Australia in the early 1990s. All UK-based operations were relocated to the current headquarters in Lenton, Nottingham in 1997. It started promoting games associated with The Lord of the Rings (film series), ''The Lord of the Rings'' film trilogy in 2001. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons
Several different editions of the '' Dungeons & Dragons'' (''D&D'') fantasy role-playing game have been produced since 1974. The current publisher of ''D&D'', Wizards of the Coast, produces new materials only for the most current edition of the game. However, many ''D&D'' fans continue to play older versions of the game and some third-party companies continue to publish materials compatible with these older editions. After the original edition of ''D&D'' was introduced in 1974, the game was split into two branches in 1977: the rules-light system of ''Dungeons & Dragons'' and the more complex, rules-heavy system of ''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons'' (''AD&D''). The standard game was eventually expanded into a series of five box sets by the mid-1980s before being compiled and slightly revised in 1991 as the '' Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia''. Meanwhile, the 2nd edition of ''AD&D'' was published in 1989. In 2000 the two-branch split was ended when a new version was designated the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wizards Of The Coast
Wizards of the Coast LLC (WotC or Wizards) is an American game Publishing, publisher, most of which are based on fantasy and List of science fiction themes, science-fiction themes, and formerly an operator of retail game stores. In 1999, toy manufacturer Hasbro acquired the company and currently operates it as a subsidiary. During a February 2021 reorganization of Hasbro, WotC became the lead part of a new division called "Wizards & Digital". WotC was originally a role-playing game (RPG) publisher that in the mid-1990s originated and popularized collectible card games with ''Magic: The Gathering''. It later acquired TSR (company), TSR, publisher of the RPG ''Dungeons & Dragons'', and published the licensed ''Pokémon Trading Card Game'' from 1999 to 2003. WotC's corporate headquarters is located in Renton, Washington, which is part of the Seattle metropolitan area. The company publishes RPGs, board games, and collectible card games. It has received numerous awards, includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TSR, Inc
TSR, Inc. was an American game publishing company, best known as the original publisher of ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (''D&D''). Its earliest incarnation, Tactical Studies Rules, was founded in October 1973 by Gary Gygax and Don Kaye. Gygax had been unable to find a publisher for ''D&D'', a new type of game he and Dave Arneson were co-developing, so he founded the new company with Kaye to self-publish their products. Needing financing to bring their new game to market, Gygax and Kaye brought in Brian Blume in December as an equal partner. ''Dungeons & Dragons'' is generally considered the first tabletop role-playing game (TTRPG), and established the genre. When Kaye died suddenly in 1975, the Tactical Studies Rules partnership restructured into TSR Hobbies, Inc. and accepted investment from Blume's father Melvin. With the popular ''D&D'' as its main product, TSR Hobbies became a major force in the games industry by the late 1970s. Melvin Blume eventually transferred his shares to his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Outdoor Survival
''Outdoor Survival'' was a board game published by Avalon Hill in 1972. Rules ''Outdoor Survival'' is a hex-based board game played on three interlocking maps. Publication history ''Outdoor Survival'' was designed by Jim Dunnigan, and published by Avalon Hill in 1972. It comes with three full-color interlocking, folding maps; some cards; and rules. The game became one of Avalon Hill's perennial bestsellers, with its success largely dependent on sales in outdoor gear stores, rather than traditional board game outlets. Legacy Gary Gygax made use of ''Outdoor Survival'' in ''Dungeons & Dragons'', even listing the game on the "Equipment" list in Volume I of the original 1974 edition of ''Dungeons & Dragons ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (commonly abbreviated as ''D&D'' or ''DnD'') is a fantasy tabletop role-playing game (TTRPG) originally created and designed by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson. The game was first published in 1974 by TSR (company)#Tactical ...''. Reception In a retro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chainmail (game)
''Chainmail'' is a medieval Miniature wargaming, miniature wargame created by Gary Gygax and Jeff Perren. Gygax developed the core medieval system of the game by expanding on rules authored by his fellow Lake Geneva Tactical Studies Association (LGTSA) member Jeff Perren, a hobby-shop owner with whom he had become friendly. Guidon Games released the first edition of ''Chainmail'' in 1971. Early history Origins In 1967, Henry Bodenstedt created the medieval wargame ''Siege of Bodenburg'', which was designed for use with 40mm miniatures. Gary Gygax first encountered ''Siege of Bodenburg'' at Gen Con I (1968), and played the game during that convention. The rules for ''Siege of Bodenburg'' had been published in ''Strategy & Tactics'' magazine, and Jeff Perren developed his own medieval rules based on those and shared them with Gary Gygax. The original set of medieval miniatures rules by Jeff Perren were just four pages. Gygax edited and expanded these rules, which were published ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
