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Valentim Fernandes Manuscript
The Valentim Fernandes manuscript (''Manuscrito Valentim Fernandes''), also known as Relation of Diogo Gomes (''Relação de Diogo Gomes'') and ''Descripcam'' is a manuscript that discusses the beginning of Portuguese sea navigation. Written in Latin, it is divided into three parts: *"De prima inuentione Guinee" *"De insulis primo inventis in mare Occidentis" *"De inventione insularum de Açores" (now as Azuris in Latin) History The manuscript was written in around 1506 or 1507, and is attributed to Diogo Gomes, who made the first notes on the Henrican navigations and discovered the Cape Verde Islands. The codex was written by J. A. Schmeller in 1847 at the Munich National Library. The text was studied by the German Conrad Peutinger or the Portuguese Damião de Góis during the 16th century. It was notable in that it clearly described the deliberately scientific and commercials goals of Henry the Navigator on the exploration. Henry the Navigator sent his caravels and headed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Discoveries
Portuguese maritime exploration resulted in the numerous territories and maritime routes recorded by the Portuguese as a result of their intensive maritime journeys during the 15th and 16th centuries. Portuguese sailors were at the vanguard of European exploration, chronicling and mapping the coasts of Africa and Asia, then known as the East Indies, and Canada and Brazil (the West Indies), in what came to be known as the Age of Discovery. Methodical expeditions started in 1419 along West Africa's coast under the sponsorship of prince Henry the Navigator, with Bartolomeu Dias reaching the Cape of Good Hope and entering the Indian Ocean in 1488. Ten years later, in 1498, Vasco da Gama led the first fleet around Africa to India, arriving in Calicut and starting a maritime route from Portugal to India. Portuguese explorations then proceeded to southeast Asia, where they reached Japan in 1542, forty-four years after their first arrival in India. In 1500, the Portuguese nobleman Ped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fez, Morocco
Fez or Fes (; ar, فاس, fās; zgh, ⴼⵉⵣⴰⵣ, fizaz; french: Fès) is a city in northern inland Morocco and the capital of the Fès-Meknès administrative region. It is the second largest city in Morocco, with a population of 1.11 million according to the 2014 census. Located to the north west of the Atlas Mountains, Fez is linked to several important cities of different regions; it is from Tangier to the northwest, from Casablanca, from Rabat to the west, and from Marrakesh to the southwest. It is surrounded by hills and the old city is centered around the Fez River (''Oued Fes'') flowing from west to east. Fez was founded under Idrisid rule during the 8th-9th centuries CE. It initially consisted of two autonomous and competing settlements. Successive waves of mainly Arab immigrants from Ifriqiya (Tunisia) and al-Andalus (Spain/Portugal) in the early 9th century gave the nascent city its Arab character. After the downfall of the Idrisid dynasty, other emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Raymond Beazley
Sir Charles Raymond Beazley (3 April 1868 – 1 February 1955) was a British historian. He was Professor of History at the University of Birmingham from 1909 to 1933. Born in Blackheath, he was the son of Rev. Joseph and Louisa Beazley. He was educated at St Paul's School, King's College London and Balliol College, Oxford. His academic career was as a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, until his chair at Birmingham. Associated with a pro-German tendency within the British political and intellectual establishment in the inter-war years, Beazley was a regular contributor to the ''Anglo-German Review'', established in 1936. He subsequently sat on the National Council of the Link, a pro-German organisation. Works * James of Aragon' (1890) * Henry the Navigator' (1895) * ''The Dawn of Modern Geography''vol. 1, 1897 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Henry Major
Richard Henry Major (October 3, 1818 – June 25, 1891) was a geographer and map librarian who curated the map collection of the British Museum from 1844 until his retirement in 1880. Biography Major was born in Shoreditch in 1818 to Richard Major, a surgeon, and his wife Elizabeth. His father died when he was three years old and he was brought up with his elder brother by his paternal grandfather. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School and after working as a clerk joined the British Museum in 1844 under the patronage of Sir Henry Ellis. In 1847 Major married Sarah Elizabeth Thorn (c.1814–1890), an artist, who worked professionally as both Thorn and Major, illustrating some of her husband's publications. In 1854 he was elected fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and was active in it for the next twenty years. He also became a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society in 1845, where he was honorary secretary from 1866 to 1881 and vice-president between 1881 and 1884. Fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Mees
Juliaan or Jules Mees (1876–1937) was a Belgian professor of historical geography, a specialist on the Portuguese discoveries, who in 1920 was condemned to two years in prison for collaboration during the German occupation of Belgium in World War I. Life Mees was born in Hingene, Province of Antwerp (Belgium) on 26 September 1876. After secondary education at the Onze-Lieve-Vrouwcollege in Boom, Belgium he studied history at Ghent University, graduating Ph.D. in 1899 with a thesis on the discovery of the Azores Islands. In 1900-1902 he pursued further studies in economic history and historical geography at the universities of Munich and Vienna, and in 1902-1903 taught at a state secondary school in Ghent. In 1903 he obtained a position in the State Archives. He also taught at the École Supérieure Commerciale et Consulaire in Mons. In 1917 he accepted a position at the German-sponsored Vlaamsche Hogeschool (Von Bissing university). In 1920 he stood trial as a collaborator and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophus Ruge
Sophus Ruge (26 March 1831 - 23 December 1903) was a German geographer and historian, he studied about European discoveries and written works about Portuguese discoveries. His studies was a different vision on one traditionally followed in Portugal, he had translated a large part from Portuguese and had been influential in the development of Portuguese historiography. Biography Ruge was born in the Frisian town of Dorum located near Geestemünde in which was the Electorate of Hanover. His father of Christoph August Ruge (1790-1834) was from Neuhaus/Oste and was a doctor in medicine. During the Battle of Waterloo, he was an English field doctor, he later moved to Cuxhaven and in 1817, he was physician in Dorum, there he later married the lawyer's daughter Elise Hennings (1804-?). Ruge later studied in Göttingen and Halle. In 1872, he became professor in geography and ethnography at the Technische Hochschule de Dresden (Dresden Technical High School) where he headed until his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valentim Fernandes
Valentim Fernandes (died 1518 or 1519) was a printer who lived in Portugal. An ethnic German originally from Moravia, he moved to Lisbon, Portugal in 1495 where he lived and worked for 23 years, he was a writer and a translator of various classical texts.Shorter English version. He printed on the orders of Leonor of Viseu and worked on the book ''Vita Christi''. His 1506-1507 '' Descripcam'' described how camel caravans carried Saharan salt from Oualata to Timbuktu, and then onto Djenne. There the salt was exchanged with the Soninke Wangara for gold. He died in Lisbon in 1518 or 1519. He work with different intellectuals and artists, some of them were Albrecht Dürer, Hieronymus Münzer and Mathias Ringmann (better known as Philesius Vogesigena who was a translator), particularly the last geographer who sent to Germany (which was part of the Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavarian State Library
The Bavarian State Library (german: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, abbreviated BSB, called ''Bibliotheca Regia Monacensis'' before 1919) in Munich is the central " Landesbibliothek", i. e. the state library of the Free State of Bavaria, the biggest universal and research library in Germany and one of Europe's most important universal libraries. With its collections currently comprising around 10.89 million books (as of 2019), it ranks among the best research libraries worldwide. Moreover, its historical stock encompasses one of the most important manuscript collections of the world, the largest collection of incunabula worldwide, as well as numerous further important special collections. Its collection of historical prints before 1850 number almost one million units. The legal deposit law has been in force since 1663, regulating that two copies of every printed work published in Bavaria have to be submitted to the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. This law is still applicable today. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Canary
Gran Canaria (, ; ), also Grand Canary Island, is the third-largest and second-most-populous island of the Canary Islands, an archipelago off the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa which is part of Spain. the island had a population of that constitutes approximately 40% of the population of the archipelago. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, the capital of the island, is the biggest city of the Canary Islands and the ninth of Spain. Gran Canaria is located in the Atlantic Ocean in a region known as Macaronesia about off the northwestern coast of Africa and about from Europe. With an area of km2 ( sq. mi) and an altitude of at Morro de la Agujereada, Gran Canaria is the third largest island of the archipelago in both area and altitude. Gran Canaria is also the third most populated island in Spain. History In antiquity, Gran Canaria was populated by the North African Canarii, who may have arrived as early as 500 BC. In the medieval period, after over a century of European incu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
João De Trasto
João de Trasto is the name sometimes given to an obscure (and possibly fictional) Portuguese mariner, who is alleged to have captained the first exploratory expedition dispatched by Prince Henry the Navigator in 1415. The only record of João de Trasto or the 1415 expedition is a brief mention in the personal memoirs of Diogo Gomes, a former Henrican captain. According to Gomes, "Johannes de Trasto" commanded an expedition in 1415, dispatched by Henry the Navigator. Probably departing from the port of Lagos, the Trasto expedition was forced by foul weather to the part of the Grand Canary island subsequently called ''Telli''. Returning to Portugal, he again encountered a fierce storm and only with great difficulty arrived in port. The writer Diogo Gomes was not an eyewitness to the event (Gomes was not born until the 1420s) and his memoirs were dictated many decades later, at the end of his life, c.1490s, and are known to contain numerous small errors of dates and fac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azores
) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores within the European Union , subdivision_type=Sovereign state , subdivision_name=Portugal , established_title=Settlement , established_date=1432 , established_title3=Autonomous status , established_date3=30 April 1976 , official_languages=Portuguese , demonym= ( en, Azorean) , capital_type= Capitals , capital = Ponta Delgada (executive) Angra do Heroísmo (judicial) Horta (legislative) , largest_city = Ponta Delgada , government_type=Autonomous Region , leader_title1=Representative of the Republic , leader_name1=Pedro Manuel dos Reis Alves Catarino , leader_title2= President of the Legislative Assembly , leader_name2= Luís Garcia , leader_title3= President of the Regional Government , leader_name3=José Manuel Bolieiro , le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soninke Wangara
The Wangara (also known as Wakore, Wankori, Ouankri, Wangarawa, Dyula, Jula, Jakhanke, Jalonke) are a subgroup of the Soninke who later became assimilated (at varying degrees) merchant classes that specialized in both Trans Saharan and Secret Trade of Gold Dust. Their diaspora operated all throughout West Africa Sahel-Sudan. Fostering regionally organized trade networks and Architecture projects. But based in the many Sahelian and Niger- Volta- Sene-Gambia river city-states. Particularly Dia, Timbuktu, Agadez, Kano, Gao, Koumbi Saleh, Guidimaka, Salaga, Kong, Bussa, Bissa, Kankan, Jallon, Djenné as well as Bambouk, Bure, Lobi, and (to a lesser degree) Bono State goldfields and Borgu. They also were practicing Muslims with a clerical social class (Karamogo), Timbuktu Alumni political advisors, Sufi Mystic healers and individual leaders (Marabout). Living by a philosophy of merchantile pacifism called the Suwarian Tradition. Teaching peaceful coexistence with non-Muslim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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