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VSNL Northern Europe
VSNL Northern Europe (previously TGN Northern Europe) is a telecommunications cable system with both submarine and terrestrial parts, connecting England and the Netherlands. The submarine portion of the system runs for 562 km, and is constructed from cable containing four fibre pairs, utilising eight repeaters. Each fibre pair was commissioned to support sixty-four 10 Gbit/s wavelengths at construction, allowing for a total capacity of four fibre pairs at 640 Gbit/s each, or 2,560 Gbit/s in total. The cable system's submarine portions have landing points in facilities near: *Hunmanby, England, United Kingdom *Eemshaven, Netherlands And are further extended inland by a terrestrial systems to: * Stratford, United Kingdom *Groningen, Netherlands *Amsterdam Science Park, Netherlands In April 2016, Tata Communications (née VSNL) reputedly sold the entire cable system (including inland points of presence and co-location facilities) to a company trading as Un ...
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Eemshaven
Eemshaven (; en, Ems Harbor) is a seaport in the province of Groningen in the north of the Netherlands. In 1968, the Dutch government declared the Ems estuary ( Eemsmond) to be an economic key region. One of the key developments for the region was the construction of a seaport called Eemshaven. The port was officially opened by Queen Juliana in 1973. Industry and shipping were slow to develop at the site. In 2013, a ferry service connects to the German island of Borkum. A ferry service to Rosyth, Scotland, was to start by late October 2019. The plan was officially abandoned in 2020. A number of power plants operate at the site. Both Electrabel and NUON operate a gas-fired power plant there while RWE Innogy operates a wind farm at the site. RWE is operating a coal-fired plant. The static inverter station of HVDC NorNed is situated at Eemshaven. One endpoint of the COBRAcable HVDC transmission line to Esbjerg, Denmark is also planned to be built here. Eemshaven is the la ...
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Colocation Centre
A colocation center (also spelled co-location, or colo) or "carrier hotel", is a type of data centre where equipment, space, and bandwidth are available for rental to retail customers. Colocation facilities provide space, power, cooling, and physical security for the server, storage, and networking equipment of other firms and also connect them to a variety of telecommunications and network service providers with a minimum of cost and complexity. Configuration Many colocation providers sell to a wide range of customers, ranging from large enterprises to small companies. Typically, the customer owns the information technology (IT) equipment and the facility provides power and cooling. Customers retain control over the design and usage of their equipment, but daily management of the data center and facility are overseen by the multi-tenant colocation provider. * Cabinets – A cabinet is a locking unit that holds a server rack. In a multi-tenant data center, servers withi ...
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Points Of Presence
A point of presence (PoP) is an artificial demarcation point or network interface point between communicating entities. A common example is an ISP point of presence, the local access point that allows users to connect to the Internet with their Internet service provider (ISP). A PoP typically houses servers, routers, network switches, multiplexers, and other network interface equipment, and is typically located in a data center. ISPs typically have multiple PoPs. PoPs are often located at Internet exchange points and colocation centres. In the US, this term became important during the court-ordered breakup of the Bell Telephone system. A point of presence was a location where a long-distance carrier (IXC) could terminate services and provide connections into a local telephone network (LATA). See also * Content delivery network * Web cache A Web cache (or HTTP cache) is a system for optimizing the World Wide Web. It is implemented both client-side and server-side. The ...
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Tata Communications
Tata Communications Limited (previously known as Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited) is an Indian telecommunications company. It was previously a government- owned-telecommunications service provider and under the ownership of Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, and the Government of India. It was then sold to Tata Group when the Atal Bihari Vajpayee-Bharatiya Janta Party-National Democratic Alliance was in power; presently the company is part of the Tata Group. Tata's communications network spans more than of subsea fibre and more than of terrestrial fibre. The company has invested US$1.19 billion in its global subsea fibre network. It provides network services and software-defined network platforms, such as Ethernet, SD-WAN, content delivery networks (CDNs), the internet, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), and private lines. It has more than 400 points of presence (PoPs) with a data centre, Cloud (Private Cloud and Puiblic Cloud Management) and co ...
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Amsterdam Science Park
__NOTOC__ Amsterdam Science Park is a science park in the Oost city district of Amsterdam, Netherlands with foci on physics, mathematics, information technology and the life sciences. The 70 hectare (175 acre) park provides accommodations for science, business and housing. Resident groups include institutes of the natural science faculties of the University of Amsterdam, several research institutes, and related companies. Three of the colocations of the Amsterdam Internet Exchange are at the institutes SURFsara, NIKHEF, and Equinix-AM3 at the science park. In 2009, the Amsterdam Science Park railway station was by opened then-mayor Job Cohen. Science and business * FOM Institute AMOLF (Physics of Biomolecular systems and Nanophotonics) *Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL) * National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI) *Faculty of Science (FNWI) of the University of Amsterdam offering education programmes in biology, chemistry, ...
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Groningen
Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of the country; as of December 2021, it had 235,287 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city/municipality of the Netherlands and the second largest outside the Randstad. Groningen was established more than 950 years ago and gained city rights in 1245. Due to its relatively isolated location from the then successive Dutch centres of power ( Utrecht, The Hague, Brussels), Groningen was historically reliant on itself and nearby regions. As a Hanseatic city, it was part of the North German trade network, but later it mainly became a regional market centre. At the height of its power in the 15th century, Groningen could be considered an independent city-state and it remained autonomous until the French era. Today Groningen is a universi ...
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Stratford, London
Stratford is a town in east London, England, within the ceremonial county of Greater London. Until 1965 it was within the historic county of Essex. Part of the Lower Lea Valley, Stratford is situated 6 miles (10 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross, and includes the localities of Maryland and East Village. Part of the London Borough of Newham, a local government district of Greater London, it was previously part of the parish of West Ham, which historically formed an ancient parish in the hundred of Becontree. Following reform of local government in London in 1965, the parish and borough of West Ham was abolished, becoming part of the borough of Newham in the newly formed Greater London administrative area and ceremonial county. Stratford grew rapidly in the 19th century following the introduction of the railway to the area in 1839, forming part of the conurbation of London, similar to much of south-west Essex. The late 20th century was a period of severe econom ...
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many List of islands of the United Kingdom, smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is , with an estimated 2020 population of more than 67 million people. The United Kingdom has evolved from a series of annexations, unions and separations of constituent countries over several hundred years. The Treaty of Union between ...
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Tata Communications
Tata Communications Limited (previously known as Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited) is an Indian telecommunications company. It was previously a government- owned-telecommunications service provider and under the ownership of Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, and the Government of India. It was then sold to Tata Group when the Atal Bihari Vajpayee-Bharatiya Janta Party-National Democratic Alliance was in power; presently the company is part of the Tata Group. Tata's communications network spans more than of subsea fibre and more than of terrestrial fibre. The company has invested US$1.19 billion in its global subsea fibre network. It provides network services and software-defined network platforms, such as Ethernet, SD-WAN, content delivery networks (CDNs), the internet, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), and private lines. It has more than 400 points of presence (PoPs) with a data centre, Cloud (Private Cloud and Puiblic Cloud Management) and co ...
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Hunmanby
Hunmanby is a large village and civil parish in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England. It was part of the East Riding of Yorkshire until 1974. It is on the edge of the Yorkshire Wolds, south-west of Filey, south of Scarborough and north of Bridlington. The village is on the Centenary Way. At the 2011 census, Hunmanby had a population of 3,132. Hunmanby railway station is on the Yorkshire Coast Line between Hull and Scarborough. History The village's name of Hunmanby originated with the Danes, appearing in King William's ''Domesday Book'' (published in 1086) as 'Hundemanbi' meaning 'farmstead of the hounds men', relating to the hunting down of wolves on the Yorkshire Wolds. Evidence exists showing that Hunmanby was occupied by much earlier people than the Danes. A landslip occurred in 1907 revealing a British chariot burial site from the 1st or 2nd century BC, in which a chariot was buried horse and all. A tumulus on a local farm was opened up to ...
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