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VNO-NCW
VNO-NCW (known in English as the "Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers") is a Dutch employers' federation founded in 1996 as a merger of the Christian-democratic ''Nederlands Christelijk Werkgeversverbond'' (NCW), which was founded as fusion of the Protestant PCW and the Catholic NKW, and the liberal ''Verbond van Nederlandse Ondernemingen'' (VNO). Both organizations had strong ties with the Protestant and liberal pillar, respectively. The federation chose not to adopt a new name, but instead use the well-known acronyms of its constituent organizations. Activities The most important function of VNO-NCW is the CAO-talks, over wages and secondary working conditions, it holds with the trade unions. It also advises government via the Social Economic Council in which other employers' organizations, trade unions, and government-appointed experts also have seats. List of chairmen of the Christian Employers' association List of chairmen of the Industry and Employers' assoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pillarization
Pillarisation (from the nl, verzuiling) is the politico-denominational segregation of a society into groups by religion and associated political beliefs. These societies were (and in some areas, still are) vertically divided into two or more groups known as pillars (Dutch: ''zuilen''). The best-known examples of this have historically occurred in the Netherlands and Belgium. Each pillar may have its own social institutions and social organizations. These may include its own newspapers, broadcasting organisations, political parties, trade unions, farmers' associations, banks, stores, schools, hospitals, universities, scouting organisations and sports clubs. Such segregation means that many people have little or no personal contact with members of other pillars. Netherlands The Netherlands had at least three pillars, namely Protestant, Catholic and social-democratic. Pillarisation was originally initiated by Abraham Kuyper and his Christian Democratic and neo-Calvinist ('' ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chris Van Veen
Christiaan "Chris" van Veen (19 December 1922 – 9 November 2009) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Christian Historical Union (CHU) party now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and trade association executive. Van Veen worked as a civil servant for the municipality of Den Bommel from February 1940 until September 1945 and for the municipality of Rijswijk from September 1945 until April 1960. Van Veen applied at the Free University Amsterdam in June 1952 majoring in Law and obtaining a Bachelor of Laws degree in July 1953 and graduating with a Master of Laws degree in June 1955. Van Veen worked as a civil servant for the municipality of Hoogeveen as city clerk from April 1960 until October 1964 and for the municipality of Groningen as city clerk from October 1964 until May 1967. After the election of 1967 Van Veen was appointed as State Secretary for the Interior in the Cabinet De Jong, taking office on 10 May 1967. Van Veen was elected as a Membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Economic Council
The Social and Economic Council (Dutch: ''Sociaal-Economische Raad'', SER) is a major economic advisory council to the cabinet of the Netherlands. Formally it heads a system of sector-based regulatory organisations. It represents the social partners trade unions and employers' organisations. It forms the core organisation of the corporatist and social market economy known as the polder model and the main platform for social dialogue. History The SER was founded in 1950. It was founded after a long debate about the economic order of the Netherlands. The two main governing parties of the time, the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and the Labour Party (PvdA) had differing opinions on the subject. Both wanted to prevent the repetition of the Great Depression. The Labour Party preferred to grant the government an important regulatory role in the economy, while the KVP preferred to rely on the workings of a self-regulating market economy. A compromise was found in the corporatist mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onno Ruding
Herman Onno Christiaan Rudolf "Onno" Ruding (born 15 August 1939) is a retired Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and businessman. Ruding worked as student researcher at the Erasmus University Rotterdam from June 1964 until July 1969 and worked as a civil servant for the Ministry of Finance from February 1965 until June 1971 and as Deputy Director-General of the department for International Monetary Affairs from February 1965 until September 1966 and Director-General of the Department for International Monetary Affairs from September 1966 until June 1971. Ruding worked as an investment banker for the AMRO Bank from June 1971 until January 1977. In December 1976 Ruding was nominated as an Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), taking office on 1 January 1977. In December 1980 Ruding was nominated as CFO and Vice Chairman of the Board of directors of the AMRO Bank, he resigned as Executive Director of the International Monetary F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Rinnooy Kan
Alexander Hendrik George Rinnooy Kan (born 5 October 1949) is a Dutch politician, businessman and mathematician who served as Chairman of the Social and Economic Council from 2006 to 2012. A member of the Democrats 66 (D66) party, he was a member of the Senate from 2015 to 2019 and is a distinguished professor of Economics and Business Studies at the University of Amsterdam since 1 September 2012. He has also been president of the supervisory board of EYE Film Institute Netherlands since 2008 and of Museum Boerhaave since 2018. Biography Early life and education Rinnooy Kan grew up in The Hague. He graduated with a doctorandus degree (eq. to MSc) in mathematics at Leiden University in 1972. The same year, he also obtained a candidate degree (eq. to BSc) in econometrics from the University of Amsterdam. In 1972–1973, he worked as a mathematician at Spectrum Encyclopedia. From 1973 until 1977, he was a scientific employee in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koos Andriessen
Jacobus Eije "Koos" Andriessen (25 July 1928 – 22 January 2019) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Christian Historical Union (CHU) party and later the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and businessman. Andriessen worked as a researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam from March 1951 until September 1955. Andriessen worked as civil servant for the Ministry of Economic Affairs from September 1955 until November 1959 as Director-General of the department for Political Policy from September 1955 until May 1956 and Director-General of the department for General Economic Policy from May 1956 until September 1959. Andriessen worked as professor of Political economy at the University of Amsterdam from 15 September 1959 until 24 July 1963. Andriessen also worked as a financial adviser for the Ministry of Finance from 15 September 1959 until 24 July 1963. After the election of 1963 Andriessen was appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs in the Cabinet Marijnen, taking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Historical Union
The Christian Historical Union ( nl, Christelijk-Historische Unie, CHU) was a Protestant Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The CHU is one of the predecessors of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), into which it merged in September 1980. Party history History before 1908 In 1879, the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) was founded by a group of orthodox reformed Protestants, who had split from the main Dutch Reformed Church to form the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands. It advocated equal funding for religious schools, universal suffrage and Protestant morality. Their main tactic was the anti-thesis between religious and non-religious parties, which meant that it sought to break the cooperation between liberals and Roman Catholics and to create an alliance between Catholics and Protestants. Furthermore, it was the first party with a strong centralised organisation – previously parties were organised as factions. The party was joined by many conservative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Democratic Appeal
The Christian Democratic Appeal ( nl, Christen-Democratisch Appèl, ; CDA) is a Christian-democratic political party in the Netherlands. It was originally formed in 1977 from a confederation of the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party and the Christian Historical Union; it has participated in all but three cabinets since it became a unitary party. Health Minister Hugo de Jonge served as Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal from July 2020 until his resignation the following December. Finance Minister Wopke Hoekstra was then chosen as ''lijstrekker'' for the 2021 general election, becoming the ''de facto'' party leader. After the 2017 general election, in which the party won 19 seats (third place), the CDA became a junior coalition partner in the Third Rutte cabinet with the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, Democrats 66 and Christian Union. The Fourth Rutte cabinet was formed upon the same coalition. History History before 1977 Since 1880 the size ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Rinnooy Kan Cropped
Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander and Aleksandr. Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexandre, Aleks, Aleksa and Sander; feminine forms include Alexandra, Alexandria, and Sasha. Etymology The name ''Alexander'' originates from the (; 'defending men' or 'protector of men'). It is a compound of the verb (; 'to ward off, avert, defend') and the noun (, genitive: , ; meaning 'man'). It is an example of the widespread motif of Greek names expressing "battle-prowess", in this case the ability to withstand or push back an enemy battle line. The earliest attested form of the name, is the Mycenaean Greek feminine anthroponym , , (/Alexandra/), written in the Linear B syllabic script. Alaksandu, alternatively called ''Alakasandu'' or ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democrats 66
Democrats 66 (; abbreviated D66, ) is a Social liberalism, social liberal List of political parties in the Netherlands, political party in the Netherlands, which positions itself in the Centrism, centre of the Left–right political spectrum, political spectrum. It is a member of the Liberal International (LI) and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE). The name of the party refers to its year of foundation, 1966. Initially, its main objective had been to democratise the Dutch political system, but it developed a broader social liberal ideology over time. In the 1967 Dutch general election, 1967 general election, the party won 7 out of 150 seats in the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives. No new party had ever gained that many seats before. The party was in government from Den Uyl cabinet, 1973 to 1977, Second Van Agt cabinet, 1981 to 1982, First Kok cabinet, 1994 to 2002, Second ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Schraven
Ancient and noble French family names, Jacques, Jacq, or James are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over one hundred identified noble families related to the surname by the Nobility & Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland. Origins The origin of this surname ultimately originates from the Latin, Jacobus which belongs to an unknown progenitor. Jacobus comes from the Hebrew name, Yaakov, which translates as "one who follows" or "to follow after". Ancient history A French knight returning from the Crusades in the Holy Lands probably adopted the surname from "Saint Jacques" (or "James the Greater"). James the Greater was one of Jesus' Twelve Apostles, and is believed to be the first martyred apostle. Being endowed with this surname was an honor at the time and it is likely that the Church allowed it because of acts during the Crusades. Indeed, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Language
English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the island of Great Britain. Existing on a dialect continuum with Scots, and then closest related to the Low Saxon and Frisian languages, English is genealogically West Germanic. However, its vocabulary is also distinctively influenced by dialects of France (about 29% of Modern English words) and Latin (also about 29%), plus some grammar and a small amount of core vocabulary influenced by Old Norse (a North Germanic language). Speakers of English are called Anglophones. The earliest forms of English, collectively known as Old English, evolved from a group of West Germanic (Ingvaeonic) dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century and further mutated by Norse-speaking Viking settlers starting in the 8th and 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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