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Utamish
Abu Musa Utamish ( ar, اوتامش، اتامش) (died June 6, 863) was a Turkic military officer of the Abbasid Caliphate. He played an important role in the first years of the period known as the Anarchy at Samarra, during which he rapidly became one of the most powerful officials in the government. He was appointed as vizier upon the caliph al-Musta'in's ascension in 862, but was assassinated after approximately a year in office. Biography Utamish was born in Iraq, the son of a man named Khatrakin; he may also have been a nephew of Bugha al-Kabir. He appears during the reign of al-Wathiq (r. 842–847) as one of the caliph's ''ghilman''. At some point he was attached to the service of al-Muntasir, the eldest son and heir of al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861). Utamish eventually established a strong relationship with the young prince, and was known as "''sahib'' al-Muntasir." According to al-Mas'udi, Utamish was instrumental in al-Muntasir's attempts to win over the loyalty of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
'Abdallah Ibn Muhammad Ibn Yazdad Al-Marwazi
Abu Salih Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Marwazi ( ar, أبو صالح عبد الله بن محمد بن يزداد المروزي; died 875) was a senior Persian official of the Abbasid Caliphate in the mid-9th century. He briefly served as vizier (Arabic: ''wazir'') during the caliphate of al-Musta'in (r. 862–866). Biography Ibn Yazdad's family originally came from the city of Marw in Khurasan; his great-grandfather was a Zoroastrian convert to Islam. His father, Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Marwazi, had been an official in the caliphal bureaucracy, and had served as the final secretary for the caliph al-Ma'mun prior to the latter's death in 833. Ibn Yazdad likewise chose a career in the civil service and became a government secretary (''katib''), working under the caliphs in Samarra. In 859 he is mentioned as being in charge of the Department of Control of Estates ('' diwan zimam al-diya''), which oversaw the administration of state lands. In 862, at the beginning of al-Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Ibn Al-Khasib
Abu al-'Abbas Ahmad ibn al-Khasib al-Jarjara'i ( ar, أبو العباس أحمد بن الخصيب الجرجرائي; died c. 879) was a civil officer of the Abbasid Caliphate in the mid-9th century, serving as vizier (Arabic: ''wazir'') during the caliphate of al-Muntasir (r. 861–862). A major figure in the first year of the period known as the Anarchy at Samarra, his career at the caliphal court came to an end when he was forced into exile in mid-862. Biography Ahmad was the son of al-Khasib ibn 'Abd al-Hamid, a finance officer in Egypt during the reign of Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809). Early in Ahmad's career, he entered the service of the Turkic general Ashinas, becoming the latter's secretary (''katib''). In 838 he is mentioned as assisting Ashinas in thwarting a plot by several military officers to assassinate the caliph al-Mu'tasim (r. 833–842) during the Amorion campaign. During the reign of al-Wathiq (r. 842–847), he was one of the targets of a general crackd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
863 Deaths
__NOTOC__ Year 863 ( DCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * September 3 – Battle of Lalakaon: A Byzantine army confronts an invasion by Muslim forces, led by Umar al-Aqta, Emir of Malatya. The Muslims raid deep into Byzantine territory, reaching the Black Sea coast at the port city of Amisos. Petronas annihilates the Arabs near the River Lalakaon, in Paphlagonia (modern Turkey). Europe * January 25 – Emperor Louis II claims Provence, after the death of his brother Charles. King Lothair II receives Lower Burgundy and a part of the Jura Mountains. * King Louis the German suppresses the revolt of his son Carloman (for the second time), who wants a partition (mainly of Bavaria) of the East Frankish Kingdom. * Viking raiders again plunder Dorestad (modern Netherlands), a Frankish port on the mouth of the river Rhine. It thereafter disappears from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wasif Al-Turki
Wasif al-Turki ( ar, وصيف التركي) (died October 29, 867) was a Turkic general in the service of the Abbasid Caliphate. He played a central role in the events that followed the assassination of al-Mutawakkil in 861, known as the Anarchy at Samarra. During this period he and his ally Bugha al-Sharabi were often in effective control of affairs in the capital, and were responsible for the downfall of several caliphs and rival officials. After Wasif was killed in 867, his position was inherited by his son Salih. Early life Wasif was originally a slave ( ''ghulam'') and was owned by the Nu'man family in Baghdad, where he worked as an armorer. At some point he was purchased by the future caliph al-Mu'tasim (r. 833–842), and he soon rose to prominence as a member of the Abbasids' new Turkish corps. When al-Mu'tasim decided to move his capital to Samarra in 836, Wasif and his followers were settled in the new city, having received land allotments adjacent to al-Hayr. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faraghina
The Faraghina ( ', definite plural of ''Farghānī'', "inhabitant of Farghanah") were a regiment in the regular army of the Abbasid Caliphate which was active during the ninth century A.D. Consisting of troops who originated from the region of Farghana in Transoxiana, the Faraghina participated in several military campaigns and played a significant role in the politics of the central government, especially during the Anarchy at Samarra. Background Farghana was a frontier province bordering the lands of Islam during the Umayyad and early Abbasid caliphates. Occupying the entire valley to the east of Khujand, it was surrounded to the north, east and south by mountains, with the Syr Darya running through it. The capital of the region was for some time at Kasan in the north; by the Islamic period, however, it had moved to the city of Akhsikath on the bank of the Syr Darya. Prior to the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana, control of Farghana is described variously in the sources as ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bugha Al-Sharabi
Bugha al-Sharabi ("Bugha the Cupbearer"), also known as Bugha al-Saghir ("Bugha the Younger") to distinguish him from his unrelated contemporary Bugha the Elder, was a senior Turkic military leader in the mid-9th century Abbasid Caliphate. He served under Caliph al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861) in Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ..., but later led the conspiracy among the Turkic troops who killed the caliph. Closely allied to another Turkic officer, Wasif, Bugha held power at court under the caliphs al-Muntasir (r. 861–862) and al-Musta'in (r. 862–866), during the " Anarchy at Samarra". He fell into disgrace under al-Mu'tazz (r. 866–869), however, who resented both his influence and his role in the murder of al-Mutawakkil, his father. In 868, Bugha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9th-century Turkic People
The 9th century was a period from 801 ( DCCCI) through 900 ( CM) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Carolingian Renaissance and the Viking raids occurred within this period. In the Middle East, the House of Wisdom was founded in Abbasid Baghdad, attracting many scholars to the city. The field of algebra was founded by the Muslim polymath al-Khwarizmi. The most famous Islamic Scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal was tortured and imprisoned by Abbasid official Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad during the reign of Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim and caliph al-Wathiq. In Southeast Asia, the height of the Mataram Kingdom happened in this century, while Burma would see the establishment of the major kingdom of Pagan. Tang China started the century with the effective rule under Emperor Xianzong and ended the century with the Huang Chao rebellions. While the Maya experienced widespread political collapse in the central Maya region, resulting in internecine warfare, the abandonment of cities, and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Unknown
A year or annus is the orbital period of a planetary body, for example, the Earth, moving in its orbit around the Sun. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by change in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar climate, subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recognized: spring (season), spring, summer, autumn and winter. In tropics, tropical and subtropics, subtropical regions, several geographical sectors do not present defined seasons; but in the tropics#Seasons and climate, seasonal tropics, the annual wet season, wet and dry seasons are recognized and tracked. A calendar year is an approximation of the number of days of the Earth's orbital period, as counted in a given calendar. The Gregorian calendar, or modern calendar, presents its calendar year to be either a common year of 365 days or a leap year of 366 days, as do t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viziers Of The Abbasid Caliphate
A vizier (; ar, وزير, wazīr; fa, وزیر, vazīr), or wazir, is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the near east. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called '' katib'' (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the ''dapir'' (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings. In modern usage, the term has been used for government ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as ''vizir'', ''wazir'', and ''vezir''. Etymology Vizier is suggested to be an Iranian word, from the Pahlavi root of ''vičir'', which originally had the meaning of a ''decree'', ''mandate'', and ''command'', but later as its use in Dinkard also suggests, came to mean ''judge'' or ''magistrate''. Arthur Jeffery considers the word to be a "good Iranian" word, as has a well-established root in Avestan language. The Pahlavi ''vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abel Pavet De Courteille
Abel Jean Baptiste Michel Pavet de Courteille (23 June 1821 – 12 December 1889) was a 19th-century French orientalist, who specialized in the study of Turkic languages. Career Through his mother, Sophie Silvestre (1793-1877), he was Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy's grandson. He taught Turkish at the Collège de France, as extraordinary professor in 1854 and then as holder of an ordinary chair in 1861. In 1873, he succeeded Emmanuel de Rougé at the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. He was also a member of the Société asiatique. He led Turcology to the study of Central Asian languages and was the author of a dictionary of Eastern Turkish and of several editions and translations of texts. He is buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery (44th division). Publications * ''Dictionnaire turk-oriental, destiné principalement à faciliter la lecture des ouvrages de Babur, d' Aboul-Gâzi et de Ali-Shir Nava'i'', Paris, Imprimerie impériale, 1870 (562 pages). * (with Ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mawla
Mawlā ( ar, مَوْلَى, plural ''mawālī'' ()), is a polysemous Arabic word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts.A.J. Wensinck, Encyclopedia of Islam 2nd ed, Brill. "Mawlā", vol. 6, p. 874. Before the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the term originally applied to any form of tribal association. In the Quran and hadiths it is used in a number of senses, including 'Lord', 'guardian', 'trustee', and 'helper'. After Muhammad's death, this institution was adapted by the Umayyad dynasty to incorporate new converts to Islam into Arab-Muslim society and the word ''mawali'' gained currency as an appellation for converted non-Arab Muslims in the early Islamic caliphates. Etymology The word ''mawla'' is derived from the root ''w-l-y'' , meaning "to be close to", "to be friends with", or "to have power over". ''Mawla'' can have reciprocal meanings, depending on whether it is used in the active or passive voice: "master" or "slave/freedman", "patron" or "clien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maghreb
The Maghreb (; ar, الْمَغْرِب, al-Maghrib, lit=the west), also known as the Arab Maghreb ( ar, المغرب العربي) and Northwest Africa, is the western part of North Africa and the Arab world. The region includes Algeria, Libya, Mauritania (also considered part of West Africa), Morocco, and Tunisia. The Maghreb also includes the disputed territory of Western Sahara (controlled mostly by Morocco and partly by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla.Article 143. As of 2018, the region had a population of over 100 million people. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, English sources often referred to the region as the Barbary Coast or the Barbary States, a term derived from the demonym of the Berbers. Sometimes, the region is referred to as the Land of the Atlas, referring to the Atlas Mountains, which are located within it. The Maghreb is usually defined as encompassing much of the northern part of Africa, inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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