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Uppland Runic Inscription 489
This Viking Age runestone, listed under Rundata as runic inscription U 489, was originally located in Morby, Uppland, Sweden, and is a memorial to a woman. Description This runestone was shipped together with two other runestones, runic inscriptions U 896 and U 1011, to the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1867. Today it is located at Uppsala University at the ''Universitetsparken'' (University Park). The reference to bridge-building in the runic text is fairly common in rune stones during this time period. Some are Christian references related to passing the bridge into the afterlife. At this time, the Catholic Church sponsored the building of roads and bridges through the use of indulgences in return for intercession for the soul. There are over one hundred examples of bridge runestones that have been dated from the eleventh century, including inscriptions Sö 101 in Ramsund, Sö 328 in Tynäs, U 617 in Bro, U 861 in Norsta, and U 993 in Brunnby. On this runestone, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
U 489, Morby
U or u, is the twenty-first and sixth-to-last Letter (alphabet), letter and fifth vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the English alphabet, modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is English alphabet#Letter names, ''u'' (pronounced ), plural English alphabet#Letter names, ''ues''. History U derives from the Semitic Waw (letter), waw, as does F, and later, Y, W, and V. Its oldest ancestor goes to Egyptian hieroglyphs, Egyptian hieroglyphics, and is probably from a hieroglyph of a mace or fowl, representing the sound [Voiced labiodental fricative, v] or the sound [Voiced labial–velar approximant, w]. This was borrowed to Phoenician, where it represented the sound [w], and seldom the vowel [Close back rounded vowel, u]. In Greek language, Greek, two letters were adapted from the Phoenician waw. The letter was adapted, but split in two, with the Digamma, first one of the same name (Ϝ) being ada ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global population. Its adherents, known as Christians, are estimated to make up a majority of the population in 157 countries and territories, and believe that Jesus is the Son of God, whose coming as the messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible (called the Old Testament in Christianity) and chronicled in the New Testament. Christianity began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the 1st century Hellenistic Judaism in the Roman province of Judea. Jesus' apostles and their followers spread around the Levant, Europe, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, the South Caucasus, Ancient Carthage, Egypt, and Ethiopia, despite significant initial persecution. It soon attracted gentile God-fearers, which led to a departure from Jewish customs, and, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runestones In Uppland
A runestone is typically a raised stone with a runic inscription, but the term can also be applied to inscriptions on boulders and on bedrock. The tradition began in the 4th century and lasted into the 12th century, but most of the runestones date from the late Viking Age. Most runestones are located in Scandinavia, but there are also scattered runestones in locations that were visited by Norsemen during the Viking Age. Runestones are often memorials to dead men. Runestones were usually brightly coloured when erected, though this is no longer evident as the colour has worn off. The vast majority of runestones are found in Sweden. History The tradition of raising stones that had runic inscriptions first appeared in the 4th and 5th century, in Norway and Sweden, and these early runestones were usually placed next to graves. The earliest Danish runestones appeared in the 8th and 9th centuries, and there are about 50 runestones from the Migration Period in Scandinavia. Most runeston ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runestones Raised In Memory Of Women
A runestone is typically a raised stone with a runic inscription, but the term can also be applied to inscriptions on boulders and on bedrock. The tradition began in the 4th century and lasted into the 12th century, but most of the runestones date from the late Viking Age. Most runestones are located in Scandinavia, but there are also scattered runestones in locations that were visited by Norsemen during the Viking Age. Runestones are often memorials to dead men. Runestones were usually brightly coloured when erected, though this is no longer evident as the colour has worn off. The vast majority of runestones are found in Sweden. History The tradition of raising stones that had runic inscriptions first appeared in the 4th and 5th century, in Norway and Sweden, and these early runestones were usually placed next to graves. The earliest Danish runestones appeared in the 8th and 9th centuries, and there are about 50 runestones from the Migration Period in Scandinavia. Most runeston ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Runestones
There are about 3,000 runestones in Scandinavia (out of a total of about 6,000 runic inscriptions). p. 38. The runestones are unevenly distributed in Scandinavia: The majority is found in Sweden, estimated at between 1,700 and 2,500 (depending on definition). Denmark has 250 runestones, and Norway has 50. There are also runestones in other areas reached by the Viking expansion, especially in the British Isles ( Manx runestones, Page, Raymond I. (1995). Runes and Runic Inscriptions: Collected Essays on Anglo-Saxon and Viking Runes'. Parsons, D. (ed.) Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 207–244 England runestones, Scotland and Ireland) and other islands of the North Atlantic (Faroes, Greenland, but not in Iceland), and scattered examples elsewhere (the Berezan' Runestone in Eastern Europe, Pritsak, O. (1987). ''The Origin of Rus'.'' Cambridge, Mass.: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. Sawyer, Birgit. (2000). The Viking-Age Rune-Stones: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urnes Style
Viking art, also known commonly as Norse art, is a term widely accepted for the art of Scandinavian Norsemen and Viking settlements further afield—particularly in the British Isles and Iceland—during the Viking Age of the 8th-11th centuries. Viking art has many design elements in common with Celtic, Germanic, the later Romanesque and Eastern European art, sharing many influences with each of these traditions. Generally speaking, the current knowledge of Viking art relies heavily upon more durable objects of metal and stone; wood, bone, ivory and textiles are more rarely preserved. The artistic record, therefore, as it has survived to the present day, remains significantly incomplete. Ongoing archaeological excavation and opportunistic finds, of course, may improve this situation in the future, as indeed they have in the recent past. Viking art is usually divided into a sequence of roughly chronological styles, although outside Scandinavia itself local influences are ofte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runestone Style
:''The term "runestone style" in the singular may refer to the Urnes style.'' The style or design of runestones varied during the Viking Age. The early runestones were simple in design, but towards the end of the runestone era they became increasingly complex and made by travelling runemasters such as Öpir and Visäte. A categorization of the styles was developed by Anne-Sophie Gräslund in the 1990s. Her systematization is considered to have been a break-through and is today a standard. The styles are RAK, Fp, Pr1, Pr2, Pr3, Pr4 and Pr5, and they cover the period 980-1130, which was the period during which most runestones were made. The styles Pr1 and Pr2 correspond to the Ringerike style, whereas Pr3, Pr4 and Pr5 belong to what is more widely known as the Urnes style.Sawyer 2000:32 Below follows a brief presentation of the various styles by showing sample runestones according to Rundata's annotation. RAK RAK is the oldest style and covers the period 980-1015 AD, but the Ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runemaster
A runemaster or runecarver is a specialist in making runestones. Description More than 100 names of runemasters are known from Viking Age Sweden with most of them from 11th-century eastern Svealand.The article ''Runristare'' in ''Nationalencyklopedin'' (1995). Many anonymous runestones have more or less securely been attributed to these runemasters. During the 11th century, when most runestones were raised, there were a few professional runemasters. They and their apprentices were contracted to make runestones and when the work was finished, they sometimes signed the stone with the name of the runemaster. Many of the uncovered runic inscriptions have likely been completed by non-professional runecarvers for the practical purposes of burial rites or record-keeping. Due to the depictions of daily life, many of the nonprofessional runecarvers could have been anything from pirates to soldiers, merchants, or farmers. The layout of Scandinavian towns provided centers where craftspeople ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uppland Runic Inscription 993
Uppland Runic Inscription 993 or U 993 is the Rundata catalog number for a Viking Age memorial runestone located in Brunnby, which is one kilometer west of Gunsta, Uppsala County, Sweden, which was part of the historical province of Uppland. Description This inscription consists of runic text on a serpent that circles and then becomes intertwined in the center of the design under a Christian cross. The stone, which is 1.5 meters in height, is classified as being carved in runestone style Pr4, which is also known as Urnes style. This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns. The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond-shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the necks. The runic inscription was carved and signed by runemasters named Öpir and Bjorn. Öpir was active in the Uppland region during the late eleventh or early twelfth centuries and signed almost fifty inscriptions, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norsta Runestone
The Norsta runestone is an 11th-century runestone inscribed in Old Norse with the Younger Futhark that stands near Wik Castle outside Uppsala, Sweden. It is notable because of the mention of two people named "maiden" and Sweyn. The form ''møy'' which appears on this runestone is the accusative form of Old East Norse ''māʀ'' which meant "maiden" and this is the only attestation of this word as the name of a girl, in Old Norse, besides a mention in the '' Hervarar saga'', where a ''Mær'' ("maiden" in Old West Norse Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian, is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlement ...) married the Swedish king Inge I. Her brother was Blot-Sweyn, who succeeded Inge. As the runestone is from about the same time as Blot-Sweyn, it is likely that the Sweyn mentioned in the runestone is the same as the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Södermanland Runic Inscription 328
Sö 328 is the Rundata catalog number for a runic inscription on a Viking Age memorial runestone which is located in Tynäs, which is about one kilometer east of Strängnäs, Södermanland County, Sweden, which is in the historic province of Södermanland. Description This runic inscription consists of runic text in the younger futhark that is carved on a serpent that circles the face of the granite stone, which is 1.7 meters in height. The tail and head of the serpent are bound as if restrained to the surface of the stone. The stone was discovered in 1913 on a small hill and was raised at approximately the same location, which is believed to be its original location. The inscription is classified as being carved in runestone style Pr2, which is also known as Ringerike style. This is the classification for inscriptions where the text bars end with serpent or beast heads depicted as seen in profile. The runic text, which begins at the serpent's head, states that the stone and a brid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
