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Universal Alliance Of Diamond Workers
The Universal Alliance of Diamond Workers (UADW) was a small global union federation bringing together workers in the diamond polishing and jewellery making. History The federation was founded in Antwerp in 1905. Its aims were to provide information on the industrial and social situations relevant to its members, and to conduct its own research. In its early years, the federation grew, representing 22,700 workers by 1913. But this gradually declined; by 1982, the federation had affiliates in Belgium, France, Israel, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, but they represented a total of only 10,100 members, making it by far the smallest global union federation. The federation remained at around 10,000 workers until 1993, when member unions in the Belgium, Israel and the Netherlands decided to relaunch it, with a focus on attracting unions outside Europe. It began campaigning against poor labour practices in diamond mining, including a call for children under 14 being banned fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Federation Of Chemical, Energy, Mine And General Workers' Unions
The International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions (ICEM) was a global union federation of trade unions. As of November 2007, ICEM represented 467 industrial trade unions in 132 countries, claiming a membership of over 20 million workers. History The federation was founded in 1995 in Washington DC when the Miners' International Federation merged with the International Federation of Chemical and General Workers' Unions. In 2000, the small Universal Alliance of Diamond Workers merged into the federation, while in 2007, the World Federation of Industry Workers joined. In June 2012, affiliates of ICEM merged into the new global federation IndustriALL Global Union. The organization represented workers employed in a wide range of industries, including energy, mining, chemicals and bioscience, pulp and paper, rubber, gems and jewellery, glass, ceramics, cement, environmental services and others. Organization and activities The international head ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Confederation Of Free Trade Unions
The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) was an international trade union. It came into being on 7 December 1949 following a split within the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), and was dissolved on 31 October 2006 when it merged with the World Confederation of Labour (WCL) to form the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC). Prior to being dissolved, the ICFTU had a membership of 157 million members in 225 affiliated organisations in 148 countries and territories. History In 1949, early in the Cold War, alleging Communist domination of the WFTU's central institutions, a large number of non-communist national trade union federations (including the U.S. AFL–CIO, the British TUC, the French FO, the Italian CISL and the Spanish UGT) seceded and created the rival ICFTU at a conference in London attended by representatives of nearly 48 million members in 53 countries. From the 1950s the ICFTU actively recruited new members from the developing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antwerp
Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504,Statistics Belgium; ''Loop van de bevolking per gemeente'' (Excel file) Population of all municipalities in Belgium, . Retrieved 1 November 2017. it is the most populous municipality in Belgium, and with a metropolitan population of around 1,200,000 people, it is the second-largest metrop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global Union Federation
A global union federation (GUF) is an international federation of national trade unions organizing in specific industry sectors or occupational groups. Historically, such federations in the social democratic tradition described as international trade secretariats (ITS),. while those in the Christian democratic tradition described themselves as international trade federations. Equivalent sectoral bodies linked to the World Federation of Trade Unions described themselves as Trade Union Internationals. Many unions are members of one or more global union federations, relevant to the sectors where they have their members. Individual unions may also be affiliated to a national trade union centre, which in turn can be affiliated to the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) or the WFTU. Current federations Former secretariats See also *Global Unions Global Unions or Council of Global Unions is a website, which is jointly owned and managed by the International Trade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobalt
Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. As with nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in a chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal. Cobalt-based blue pigments ( cobalt blue) have been used since ancient times for jewelry and paints, and to impart a distinctive blue tint to glass, but the color was for a long time thought to be due to the known metal bismuth. Miners had long used the name ''kobold ore'' (German for ''goblin ore'') for some of the blue-pigment-producing minerals; they were so named because they were poor in known metals, and gave poisonous arsenic-containing fumes when smelted. In 1735, such ores were found to be reducible to a new metal (the first discovered since ancient times), and this was ultimately named for the ''kobold''. Today, some cobalt is produced specifically from one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scaif
Scaif is a polishing wheel infused with a mixture of olive oil and diamond dust used in the diamond cutting industry. It was invented in 1456 by Lodewyk van Bercken. With the scaif, it became possible to polish all the facets of the diamond symmetrically at angles that reflected the light best. This invention revolutionized the diamond cutting industry and correspondingly, much increased the popularity of diamonds. The scaif consists of a hard disk, parallel to the floor. The disk looks like and is rotated in the same way as a potter's wheel. On the top surface a film of olive oil and diamond dust is placed. Surrounding the disk is a circular frame to catch the oil that is spun off as the disk is rotated. Hovering just above the surface of the disk is a mechanical arm to hold the diamond. It can be finely adjusted, to move the diamond into the exact position needed for polishing the facets. As the facets are polished more diamond dust is produced, replenishing the supply. Exter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Diamond Workers' Association Of Belgium
The General Diamond Workers' Association of Belgium ( nl, Algemene Diamantbewerkersbond van België, ADB; french: Syndicat des Ouvriers Diamantaires) was a trade union representing workers in the diamond trade in Belgium. The union was founded on 19 August 1895, as the Antwerp Diamond Workers' Association. It rapidly became one of the leading trade unions in the city. Unlike many unions, it did not affiliate to the Belgian Workers Party, although almost all of its leading members were active in the party. A group of members who wanted to work closely with the party split away in 1911, but after Louis Van Berckelaer was elected as leader of the ADB in 1912, he reunified the groups. The union set up the Universal Alliance of Diamond Workers in 1905, and shared its headquarters with this small international trade secretariat.{{cite book , last1=Goldberg , first1=Arthur , title=Directory of International Trade Union Organizations , date=1960 , publisher=United States Department of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Dutch Industrial Union For The Metal And Electrical Industries
The General Dutch Metalworkers' Union ( nl, Algemene Nederlandse Metaalbewerkersbond, ANMB) was a trade union representing workers in the metal industry in the Netherlands. The union was founded in 1886, and in 1906, it was a founding affiliate of the Dutch Confederation of Trade Unions (NVV). In 1951, it was renamed as the General Dutch Metal Industry Union, and in 1956, as the General Dutch Industrial Union for the Metal and Electrical Industries. In 1958, the General Dutch Diamond Workers' Union merged into the union. By 1970, the union had 112,072 members. On 1 January 1972, it merged with the General Union of Miscellaneous Industries and the General Industrial Union of Textiles and Clothing, to form the Industrial Workers' Union NVV The Industrial Workers' Union NVV ( nl, Industriebond-NVV, IB-NVV) was a general union focused on workers in heavy industry in the Netherlands. The union was founded on 1 January 1972, when the General Dutch Industrial Union of the Metal and El ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of Goldsmiths, Jewellers And Kindred Trades
The Society of Goldsmiths, Jewellers and Kindred Trades was a trade union representing workers in the jewellery industry and related trades in the United Kingdom. The union was founded in 1893, as the London Society of Goldsmiths and Jewellers. It affiliated to the Trades Union Congress and to the Universal Alliance of Diamond Workers. In the 1920s, it adopted its final name, and by 1950, it had 1,932 members. In 1969, it merged into the National Union of Gold, Silver and Allied Trades {{Infobox union , name = NUGSAT , location_country= United Kingdom, Ireland , affiliation = TUC, Labour{{cite book, last1=Eaton, first1=Jack, last2=Gill, first2=Colin, title=The Trade Union Directory, date=1981, publisher=Pluto Press, ....''Annual Report of the Trades Union Congress'' (1950), p.30{{cite book , last1=Goldberg , first1=Arthur , title=Directory of International Trade Union Organizations , date=1960 , publisher=United States Department of Labour , location=Washington DC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Polak
Henri Polak (22 February 1868 – 18 February 1943) was a Dutch trade unionist and politician. Polak is best remembered as a longtime president of the General Diamond Workers' Union of the Netherlands (ANDB) and as a founder of the Dutch Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1894. Targeted as a Jew, a socialist, and a trade unionist, Polak was arrested by the Nazis in 1940 but died early in 1943 before he could be deported. Biography Early years Henri Polak was born 22 February 1868 in the Dutch city of Amsterdam. He was the son of a diamond cutter and jeweler named Mozes Polak and his wife, Marianne Smit.John E. Lunn, "Henri Polak," in A. Thomas Lane, ''Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders: Volume 2, M-Z.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995; pp. 765–766. He attended a Jewish primary school until the age of 13, at which time he was pulled out of school to go to work to help support his parents' large family as an apprentice diamond cutter.Frank van Vree"Henri Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Unions Established In 1905
Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct exchange of goods and services for other goods and services, i.e. trading things without the use of money. Modern traders generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, such as money. As a result, buying can be separated from selling, or earning. The invention of money (and letter of credit, paper money, and non-physical money) greatly simplified and promoted trade. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade involving more than two traders is called multilateral trade. In one modern view, trade exists due to specialization and the division of labour, a predominant form of economic activity in which individuals and groups concentrate on a small aspect of production, but use their output in trades for other products ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Unions Disestablished In 2000
Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct exchange of goods and services for other goods and services, i.e. trading things without the use of money. Modern traders generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, such as money. As a result, buying can be separated from selling, or earning. The invention of money (and letter of credit, paper money, and non-physical money) greatly simplified and promoted trade. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade involving more than two traders is called multilateral trade. In one modern view, trade exists due to specialization and the division of labour, a predominant form of economic activity in which individuals and groups concentrate on a small aspect of production, but use their output in trades for other products and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
