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Undo
Undo is an interaction technique which is implemented in many computer programs. It erases the last change done to the document, reverting it to an older state. In some more advanced programs, such as graphic processing, undo will negate the last command done to the file being edited. With the possibility of undo, users can explore and work without fear of making mistakes, because they can easily be undone. The expectations for undo are easy to understand: to have a predictable functionality, and to include all "undoable" commands. Usually undo is available until the user undoes all executed operations. But there are some actions which are not stored in the undo list, and thus they cannot be undone. For example, ''save file'' is not undoable, but is queued in the list to show that it was executed. Another action which is usually not stored, and thus not undoable, is ''scrolling'' or ''selection''. The opposite of to undo is to redo. The redo command reverses the undo or advances ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Control Key
In computing, a Control key is a modifier key which, when pressed in conjunction with another key, performs a special operation (for example, ). Similarly to the Shift key, the Control key rarely performs any function when pressed by itself. The Control key is located on or near the bottom left side of most keyboards (in accordance with the international standard ISO/IEC 9995-2), with many featuring an additional one at the bottom right. On keyboards that use English abbreviations for key labeling, it is usually labeled ( or are sometimes used, but it is uncommon). Abbreviations in the language of the keyboard layout also are in use, e.g., the German keyboard layout uses () as required by the German standard DIN 2137:2012-06. There is a standardized keyboard symbol (to be used when Latin lettering is not preferred). This symbol is encoded in Unicode as U+2388 , but it is very rarely used. History On teletypewriters and computer terminals, holding down the Contro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Control-Y
Control-Y is a common computer command. It is generated by holding and pressing the key on most Computer keyboard, computer keyboards. In most Windows applications this keyboard shortcut functions as undo, Redo, reversing a previous Undo. In some programs such as Microsoft Office it repeats the previous action if it was something other than Undo. Apple Macintosh systems use for Redo. In general a shortcut on Macintosh using matches up with a shortcut on Windows using , this is one of the most noticeable conflicts. Many programs (on all systems including Linux) support ''both'' and for Redo to resolve this conflict. But quite a few remain where only one or the other shortcut works. Other uses The OpenVMS operating system command-line uses as its "abort" character, stronger in effect than the ordinary Control-C, "interrupt" character. deleted the current line in the ''WordStar'' word processor for CP/M and MS-DOS. In the 1980s, many text editors and word processors mimi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warren Teitelman
Warren Teitelman (February 21, 1941 – August 12, 2013) was an American computer scientist known for his work on programming environments and the invention and first implementation of concepts including Undo / Redo, spelling correction, advising, online help, and DWIM ''(Do What I Mean)''. Early career and ARPANET Warren Teitelman presented a novel scheme for real time character recognition in his master's thesis submitted in 1966 at MIT. A rectangle, in which a character is to be drawn, is divided into two parts, one shaded and the other unshaded. Using this division a computer converts characters into ternary vectors (a list composed of 3 values: 0, 1, or −) in the following way. If a pen enters the shaded region, a 1 is added to the vector. When the unshaded region is entered, a 0 is appended. The thesis continued to be cited for several decades after its submission. He started as ARPA Principal Investigator from 1968 to 1978, and was responsible for the design and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brown University
Brown University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is the List of colonial colleges, seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the US, founded in 1764 as the ''College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations''. One of nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution, it was the first US college to codify that admission and instruction of students was to be equal regardless of the religious affiliation of students. The university is home to the oldest applied mathematics program in the country and oldest engineering program in the Ivy League. It was one of the early doctoral-granting institutions in the U.S., adding masters and doctoral studies in 1887. In 1969, it adopted its Open Curriculum (Brown University), Open Curriculum after student lobbying, which eliminated mandatory Curriculum#Core curriculum, general education distribution requirements. In 197 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keyboard Shortcut
In computing, a keyboard shortcut (also hotkey/hot key or key binding) is a software-based assignment of an action to one or more keys on a computer keyboard. Most Operating system, operating systems and Application software, applications come with a Table of keyboard shortcuts, default set of keyboard shortcuts, some of which may be modified by the User (computing), user in the Settings (Windows), settings. Keyboard configuration software allows users to create and assign Macro (computer science), macros to key combinations which can perform more complex sequences of actions. Some older keyboards had a physical macro key specifically for this purpose. Terminology The precise words used for these assignments and their meaning can vary depending on the context. For example, Microsoft has generally used ''keyboard shortcuts'' for Microsoft Windows, Windows and Microsoft Office since the transition to 64-bit computing, 64-bit for Windows 7. However, they used ''hot keys'' pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Control-Z
In computer data, a substitute character (␚) is a control character that is used to pad transmitted data in order to send it in blocks of fixed size, or to stand in place of a character that is recognized to be invalid, erroneous or unrepresentable on a given device. It is also used as an escape sequence in some programming languages. In the ASCII character set, this character is encoded by the number 26 ( hex). Standard keyboards transmit this code when the and keys are pressed simultaneously (, often documented by convention as '')''. Unicode inherits this character from ASCII, but recommends that the replacement character (�, U+FFFD) be used instead to represent un-decodable inputs, when the output encoding is compatible with it. Uses End of file Historically, under PDP-6 monitor, RT-11, VMS, and TOPS-10, and in early PC CP/M 1 and 2 operating systems (and derivatives like MP/M) it was necessary to explicitly mark the end of a file (EOF) because the native file ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Command Key
The Command key (sometimes abbreviated as Cmd key), , formerly also known as the Apple key or open Apple key, is a modifier key present on Apple keyboards. The Command key's purpose is to allow the user to enter keyboard commands in applications and in the system. An "extended" Macintosh keyboard—the most common type—has two command keys, one on each side of the space bar; some compact keyboards have one only on the left. The symbol (the " looped square") was chosen by Susan Kare after Steve Jobs decided that the use of the Apple logo in the menu system (where the keyboard shortcuts are displayed) would be an over-use of the logo. Apple's adaptation of the symbol—encoded in Unicode at U+2318—was derived in part from its use in Nordic countries as an indicator of cultural locations and places of interest. The symbol is known by various other names, including "Saint John's Arms" and " Bowen knot". History Apple's computers up through the 1979 Apple II Plus did ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graphics Software
In computer graphics, graphics software refers to a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate images or models visually on a computer. Computer graphics can be classified into two distinct categories: raster graphics and vector graphics, with further 2D and 3D variants. Many graphics programs focus exclusively on either vector or raster graphics, but there are a few that operate on both. It is simple to convert from vector graphics to raster graphics, but going the other way is harder. Some software attempts to do this. In addition to static graphics, there are animation and video editing software. Different types of software are often designed to edit different types of graphics such as video, photos, and vector-based drawings. The exact sources of graphics may vary for different tasks, but most can read and write files. Most graphics programs have the ability to import and export one or more graphics file formats, including those formats written fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apple Lisa
Lisa is a desktop computer developed by Apple, produced from January 19, 1983, to August 1, 1986, and succeeded by Macintosh. It is generally considered the first mass-market personal computer operable through a graphical user interface (GUI). In 1983, a machine like the Lisa was still so expensive that it was primarily marketed to individual and small and medium-sized businesses as a groundbreaking new alternative to much bigger and more expensive mainframes or minicomputers such as from IBM, that either require additional, expensive consultancy from the supplier, hiring specially trained personnel, or at least, a much steeper learning curve to maintain and operate. Development of project "LISA" began in 1978. It underwent many changes and shipped at with a five-megabyte hard drive. It was affected by its high price, insufficient software, unreliable FileWare (codename Twiggy) floppy disks, and the imminent release of the cheaper and faster Macintosh. Only 60,000 Lisa units we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Application Software
Application software is any computer program that is intended for end-user use not operating, administering or programming the computer. An application (app, application program, software application) is any program that can be categorized as application software. Common types of applications include word processor, media player and accounting software. The term ''application software'' refers to all applications collectively and can be used to differentiate from system and utility software. Applications may be bundled with the computer and its system software or published separately. Applications may be proprietary or open-source. The short term ''app'' (coined in 1981 or earlier) became popular with the 2008 introduction of the iOS App Store, to refer to applications for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Later, with introduction of the Mac App Store (in 2010) and Windows Store (in 2011), the term was extended in popular use to include desktop a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macintosh
Mac is a brand of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple since 1984. The name is short for Macintosh (its official name until 1999), a reference to the McIntosh (apple), McIntosh apple. The current product lineup includes the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro laptops, and the iMac, Mac Mini, Mac Studio, and Mac Pro desktops. Macs are currently sold with Apple's UNIX-based macOS operating system, which is Proprietary software, not licensed to other manufacturers and exclusively Pre-installed software, bundled with Mac computers. This operating system replaced Apple's original Macintosh operating system, which has variously been named System, Mac OS, and Classic Mac OS. Jef Raskin conceived the Macintosh project in 1979, which was usurped and redefined by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs in 1981. The original Macintosh 128K, Macintosh was launched in January 1984, after Apple's 1984 (advertisement), "1984" advertisement during Super Bowl XVIII. A series of increment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EMACS
Emacs (), originally named EMACS (an acronym for "Editor Macros"), is a family of text editors that are characterized by their extensibility. The manual for the most widely used variant, GNU Emacs, describes it as "the extensible, customizable, self-documenting, real-time display editor". Development of the first Emacs began in the mid-1970s, and work on GNU Emacs, directly descended from the original, is ongoing; its latest version is , released . Emacs has over 10,000 built-in commands and its user interface allows the user to combine these commands into macro (computer science), macros to automate work. Implementations of Emacs typically feature a dialect (computing), dialect of the Lisp (programming language), Lisp programming language, allowing users and developers to write new commands and applications for the editor. Extensions have been written to, among other things, manage Dired, files, Secure Shell, remote access, Gnus, e-mail, Org-mode, outlines, multimedia, Magit, Git ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
