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Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzyme
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, also known as E2 enzymes and more rarely as ''ubiquitin-carrier enzymes'', perform the second step in the ubiquitination reaction that targets a protein for degradation via the proteasome. The ubiquitination process covalently attaches ubiquitin, a short protein of 76 amino acids, to a lysine residue on the target protein. Once a protein has been tagged with one ubiquitin molecule, additional rounds of ubiquitination form a polyubiquitin chain that is recognized by the proteasome's 19S regulatory particle, triggering the ATP-dependent unfolding of the target protein that allows passage into the proteasome's 20S core particle, where proteases degrade the target into short peptide fragments for recycling by the cell. Relationships A ubiquitin-activating enzyme, or E1, first activates the ubiquitin by covalently attaching the molecule to its active site cysteine residue. The activated ubiquitin is then transferred to an E2 cysteine. Once conjugated to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubiquitination
Ubiquitin is a small (8.6 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e., it is found ''ubiquitously''. It was discovered in 1975 by Gideon Goldstein and further characterized throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. Four genes in the human genome code for ubiquitin: UBB, UBC, UBA52 and RPS27A. The addition of ubiquitin to a substrate protein is called ubiquitylation (or, alternatively, ubiquitination or ubiquitinylation). Ubiquitylation affects proteins in many ways: it can mark them for degradation via the proteasome, alter their cellular location, affect their activity, and promote or prevent protein interactions. Ubiquitylation involves three main steps: activation, conjugation, and ligation, performed by ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), and ubiquitin ligases (E3s), respectively. The result of this sequential cascade is to bind ubiquitin to lysine residues on the protein substrate via an isopeptide bond, cy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UBE2G1
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UBE2G1'' gene. The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecule ...: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family and catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. The protein may be involved in degradation of muscle-specific proteins. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-17-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UBE2F
UBE or Ube may refer to: * Ubiquitin-activating enzyme * Ube, Yamaguchi, a city in Japan * Uniform Bar Examination * Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy * Ube Industries, chemical company * Union bound estimate, a probability theory bound * Union of Bookmakers Employees * United Bank of Egypt, a bank co-owned by Banque du Caire * Unbiennium, an undiscovered superactinide chemical element * Universal Basic Education, education system in Nigeria * Universal Basic Employment, a form of social program for ensuring employment through a society's needs * Unrecoverable bit error rate, a media assessment measure related to the hard disk drive storage technology * Unsolicited bulk email, a type of email spam * Upper Black Eddy, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated village in the United States * Ube (''Dioscorea alata''), also known as the purple yam, a species of edible yams :* Ube halaya, a Philippine dessert made from boiled and mashed purple yam * Upper body ergometer, a type of exercise equipment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UBE2E3
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UBE2E3'' gene. The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. The encoded protein shares 100% sequence identity with the mouse and rat counterparts, which indicates that this enzyme is highly conserved in eukaryotes. Two alternatively spliced Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins. In this process, particular exons of a gene may be ... transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UBE2E2
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UBE2E2'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * External links PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E2 {{gene-3-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UBE2E1
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UBE2E1'' gene. Function The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. Interactions UBE2E1 has been shown to interact with Ataxin 1 and NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4, also known as neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4 (whence "NEDD4") is an enzyme that is, in humans, encoded by the ''NEDD4'' gene. NEDD4 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme, that .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UBE2D4
UBE or Ube may refer to: * Ubiquitin-activating enzyme * Ube, Yamaguchi, a city in Japan * Uniform Bar Examination * Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy * Ube Industries, chemical company * Union bound estimate, a probability theory bound * Union of Bookmakers Employees * United Bank of Egypt, a bank co-owned by Banque du Caire * Unbiennium, an undiscovered superactinide chemical element * Universal Basic Education, education system in Nigeria * Universal Basic Employment, a form of social program for ensuring employment through a society's needs * Unrecoverable bit error rate, a media assessment measure related to the hard disk drive storage technology * Unsolicited bulk email, a type of email spam * Upper Black Eddy, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated village in the United States * Ube (''Dioscorea alata''), also known as the purple yam, a species of edible yams :* Ube halaya, a Philippine dessert made from boiled and mashed purple yam * Upper body ergometer, a type of exercise equipment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UBE2D3
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UBE2D3'' gene. Function The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme functions in the ubiquitination of the tumor-suppressor protein p53, which is induced by an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Multiple spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. Interactions UBE2D3 has been shown to interact with NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4, also known as neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4 (whence "NEDD4") is an enzyme that is, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UBE2D2
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UBE2D2'' gene. Function The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme functions in the ubiquitination of the tumor-suppressor protein p53, which is induced by an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene and they encode distinct isoforms. Interactions UBE2D2 has been shown to interact with: * Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3, * NEDD4, * PJA1, * PJA2, and * UBE3A Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) also known as E6AP ubiquitin-protein ligase (E6AP) is an enzyme th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UBE2D1
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UBE2D1'' gene. Function The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is closely related to a stimulator of iron transport (SFT), and is up-regulated in hereditary hemochromatosis. It also functions in the ubiquitination of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 and the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF1alpha by interacting with the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme and the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases. Interactions UBE2D1 has been shown to interact with: * BARD1, * BRCA1, and * UBE3A Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) also known as E6AP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UBE2C
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UBE2C'' gene. The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is required for the destruction of mitotic cyclins and for cell cycle progression. Multiple alternatively spliced Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins. In this process, particular exons of a gene may be ... transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
