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Uthmān
Uthman ibn Affan ( ar, عثمان بن عفان, ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān; – 17 June 656), also spelled by Colloquial Arabic, Turkish and Persian rendering Osman, was a second cousin, son-in-law and notable companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the third of the '' Rāshidun'', or "Rightly Guided Caliphs". Born into a prominent Meccan clan, Banu Umayya of the Quraysh tribe, he played a major role in early Islamic history, and is known for having ordered the compilation of the standard version of the Quran. When Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab died in office aged 60/61 years, Uthman, aged 68–71 years, succeeded him and was the oldest to rule as Caliph. Under Uthman's leadership, the Islamic empire expanded into Fars (present-day Iran) in 650, and some areas of Khorāsān (present-day Afghanistan) in 651. The conquest of Armenia had begun by the 640s. His reign also saw widespread protests and unrest that eventually led to armed revolt and his assassination. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aban Ibn Uthman
Abū Saʿīd Abān ibn ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān (; died 105 AH/723 CE) was a muhaddith, faqīh, mufassir, Muslim historian. He also served a seven-year stint as governor of Medina in 695–702, during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik. Biography Aban was a son of Uthman, the third Rashidun caliph.Zetterstéen 1960, p. 2.Al-Tabari, ed. Landau-Tasserson 1998, p. 59, n. 263. His mother was Umm Amr bint Jundab ibn Amr al-Dawsiyya of the Azd tribe of Yemen. During the First Fitna, which occurred in the wake of his father’s assassination, Aban fought alongside the forces of A'isha and his Umayyad kinsmen against Caliph Ali (r. 656–661) at the Battle of the Camel in November 656. As A'isha's supporters were on the verge of defeat, Aban fled the battle. Later, the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705) appointed Aban governor of Medina in 695 and he continued in the post until being replaced by Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi in 702. During his term, he led the funeral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amr Ibn Uthman
Abū ʿUthmān ʿAmr ibn ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān () was the eldest or one of the eldest sons of Caliph Uthman and played political and military roles during the caliphates of Mu'awiya I (), Yazid I () and Marwan I (). Life Amr was a son of Caliph Uthman () from the Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe and his wife Umm Amr bint Jundab ibn Amr of the Daws clan of the Azd tribe. He was born during the rule of Uthman's predecessor, Caliph Umar (). Biographical details about Amr are often confused in the traditional Islamic sources with Amr's full brother Umar. The historian al-Baladhuri (d. 892) asserts that Amr was Uthman's eldest son to have survived the caliph, who was killed in 656, and the historian Mus'ab al-Zubayri (d. 851) holds that Amr was the eldest of Uthman's sons to leave descendants, while the historians Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 1492) and al-Qalqashandi (d. 1418) attribute both facts to Umar. Al-Zubayri further relates that Uthman privately named Amr as the second-in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Allah Ibn Uthman
Abd Allah ibn Uthman ( ar, عبد الله ابن عثمان, translit=ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUthmān; ), was the son of the third caliph Uthman () and Ruqayya bint Muhammad. Born in Abyssinia, Abd Allah was the first grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Biography Mus'ab al-Zubayri narrated that when Uthman Migration to Abyssinia, migrated to Abyssinia, he was accompanied by his wife Ruqayya bint Muhammad Ruqayya bint Muhammad ( ar, رقية بنت محمد, translit=Ruqayya bint Muḥammad; –March 624) was the second eldest daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Khadija bint Khuwaylid, Khadija. She married the third caliph Uthman and the .... A child named Abd Allah was born in the land of Abyssinia in 2 BH. Abd Allah died after a rooster bit his eye in November 625 (Jumada al-Thani 4 AH) at the age of six. Muhammad led his funeral prayers.Kitab Tabaqat Al-Kubra by Ibn Sa'd Volume 2, Part 3, Pg.131 References Bibliography * {{Cite book , last=Madelung , fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rashidun Caliph
, image = تخطيط كلمة الخلفاء الراشدون.png , caption = Calligraphic representation of Rashidun Caliphs , birth_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia present-day Saudi Arabia , known_for = Companions of the Prophet , title = Ar-Rashidun , family = Quraysh The Rashidun Caliphs ( ar, الخلفاء الراشدون, translit=al-Khulafāʾ al-Rāshidūn, ), often simply called the Rashidun, are the first four caliphs (lit.: 'successors') who led the Muslim community following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad: Abu Bakr (), Umar (), Uthman (), and Ali (). The reign of these caliphs, called the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), is considered in Sunni Islam to have been 'rightly guided' (Arabic: ), meaning that it constitutes a model ( ) to be followed and emulated from a religious point of view. History The first four caliphs who succeeded Muhammad are known as the Rashidun (rightly-guided) Caliphs. # Ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sa'id Ibn Uthman
Saʿīd ibn ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān () (died ) was an Umayyad general and military governor of Khurasan in 676–677 during the reign of Caliph Mu'awiya I. He was a son of Caliph Uthman () and a one-time seeker of the caliphate in 675/76. During his short term in Khurasan, he launched a campaign deep into Transoxiana and defeated one or two Soghdian armies. He reportedly captured Bukhara and besieged Samarkand, gaining tributary status from the latter, before proceeding to capture Tirmidh. He was dismissed by Mu'awiya, possibly due to concerns that his popularity and battlefield successes had strengthened Sa'id's previous bid to seek the caliphate instead of Mu'awiya's designated successor, Yazid I. He was killed in Medina by his noble Soghdian slaves. Life Sa'id was a son of Caliph Uthman () and the latter's wife Fatima bint al-Walid, a scion of the prominent Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh. Caliph Mu'awiya I () had partly based his claim to the caliphate on his pursuit of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amir Al-Mu'minin
Amir al-Mu'minin ( ar, أَمِير ٱلْمُؤْمِنِين, amīr al-muʾminīn) is an Arabic title designating the supreme leader of an Islamic community. It is usually translated as "Commander of the Faithful", though sometimes also as "Prince of the Believers", a translation deriving from the fact that the word emir, is used as a princely title in states ruled by the royalty or monarchies. However, according to Oriental studies, orientalist historian H. A. R. Gibb, this translation is "neither philologically nor historically correct". History Historical usage The title derives from the common Arabic term designating a military commander, , and was used for Muslim military commanders already during the lifetime of Muhammad. In this capacity it was, for example, borne by the Muslim commander at the Battle of al-Qadisiyya. On his accession in 634, Omar, Umar ibn Khattab (), the Rashidun, Second Rashidun Caliph, was given the title. According to At-Tabaqat al Kubra, When Abu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the Muhammad in Islam, main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the Major religious groups, world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 Common Era, CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Muhammad in Islam, Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet Divine inspiration, divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of Adam in Islam, Adam, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, Jesus in Islam, Jesus, and other Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets within Islam. Muhammad united Arabian Peninsula, Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. Muhammad was born approximately 570CE in Mecca. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father Abdullah was the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, and he died a few months before Muhammad's birth. His mother Amina died when he was six, lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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