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Urolithin
Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity ''in vivo''. Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites. Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the ''Clostridium leptum'' group of Firmicutes phylum than ''Bacteroides'' or ''Prevotella''. Known molecules * Urolithin A (3,8-Dihydroxyurolithin) * Urolithin A glucuronide * Urolithin B (3-Hydroxyurolithin) * urolithin B glucuronide * U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urolithin A Glucuronide
Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity ''in vivo''. Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites. Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the ''Clostridium leptum'' group of Firmicutes phylum than ''Bacteroides'' or ''Prevotella''. Known molecules * Urolithin A (3,8-Dihydroxyurolithin) * Urolithin A glucuronide * Urolithin B (3-Hydroxyurolithin) * urolithin B glucuronide * U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urolithin E
Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity ''in vivo''. Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites. Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the ''Clostridium leptum'' group of Firmicutes phylum than ''Bacteroides'' or ''Prevotella''. Known molecules * Urolithin A (3,8-Dihydroxyurolithin) * Urolithin A glucuronide * Urolithin B (3-Hydroxyurolithin) * urolithin B glucuronide * Ur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urolithin C
Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity ''in vivo''. Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites. Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the ''Clostridium leptum'' group of Firmicutes phylum than ''Bacteroides'' or ''Prevotella''. Known molecules * Urolithin A Urolithin A is a metabolite compound resulting from the transformation of ellagitannins by the gut bacteria. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urolithin M-7
Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity ''in vivo''. Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites. Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the ''Clostridium leptum'' group of Firmicutes phylum than ''Bacteroides'' or ''Prevotella''. Known molecules * Urolithin A (3,8-Dihydroxyurolithin) * Urolithin A glucuronide * Urolithin B (3-Hydroxyurolithin) * urolithin B glucuronide * Ur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urolithin M-6
Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity ''in vivo''. Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites. Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the ''Clostridium leptum'' group of Firmicutes phylum than ''Bacteroides'' or ''Prevotella''. Known molecules * Urolithin A (3,8-Dihydroxyurolithin) * Urolithin A glucuronide * Urolithin B (3-Hydroxyurolithin) * urolithin B glucuronide * Ur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urolithin M-5
Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity ''in vivo''. Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites. Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the ''Clostridium leptum'' group of Firmicutes phylum than ''Bacteroides'' or ''Prevotella''. Known molecules * Urolithin A (3,8-Dihydroxyurolithin) * Urolithin A glucuronide * Urolithin B (3-Hydroxyurolithin) * urolithin B glucuronide * Urol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urolithin D
Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity ''in vivo''. Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites. Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the ''Clostridium leptum'' group of Firmicutes phylum than ''Bacteroides'' or ''Prevotella''. Known molecules * Urolithin A (3,8-Dihydroxyurolithin) * Urolithin A glucuronide * Urolithin B (3-Hydroxyurolithin) * urolithin B glucuronide * Urol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urolithin B Glucuronide
Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity ''in vivo''. Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites. Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the ''Clostridium leptum'' group of Firmicutes phylum than ''Bacteroides'' or ''Prevotella''. Known molecules * Urolithin A (3,8-Dihydroxyurolithin) * Urolithin A glucuronide * Urolithin B (3-Hydroxyurolithin) * urolithin B glucuronide * Urol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urolithin A
Urolithin A is a metabolite compound resulting from the transformation of ellagitannins by the gut bacteria. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzo-coumarins or dibenzo-α-pyrones. Its precursors – ellagic acids and ellagitannins – are ubiquitous in nature, including edible plants, such as pomegranates, strawberries, raspberries, walnuts, and others. Since the 2000s, urolithin A has been the subject of preliminary studies regarding its possible biological effects. Urolithin A is not known to be found in any food source. Its bioavailability mostly depends on individual microbiota composition, as only some bacteria are able to convert ellagitannins into urolithins. Chemistry Urolithin A belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzo-coumarins or dibenzo-α-pyrones. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a 1-benzopyran moiety with a ketone group at the C2 carbon atom (1-benzopyran-2-one). Biochemistry and metabolism Pome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urolithin B
Urolithin B (UB) is an urolithin, a type of phenolic compounds produced in the human gut after absorption of ellagitannins-containing food such as pomegranate, strawberries, red raspberries, walnuts or oak-aged red wine. Urolithin B is found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide. See also * Glucuronide ** Glucuronic acid * Pomegranate ellagitannin The pomegranate ellagitannins, which include punicalagin isomers, are ellagitannins found in the sarcotestas, rind (peel), bark or heartwood of pomegranates (''Punica granatum''). Chemistry As the chemistry of punicalagins became known it was f ...s References External links hmdb.ca Coumarins Benzochromenes Phenolic human metabolites {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellagitannins
The ellagitannins are a diverse class of hydrolyzable tannins, a type of polyphenol formed primarily from the oxidative linkage of galloyl groups in 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose. Ellagitannins differ from gallotannins, in that their galloyl groups are linked through C-C bonds, whereas the galloyl groups in gallotannins are linked by depside bonds. Ellagitannins contain various numbers of hexahydroxydiphenoyl units, as well as galloyl units and/or sanguisorboyl units bounded to sugar moiety. In order to determine the quantity of every individual unit, the hydrolysis of the extracts with trifluoroacetic acid in methanol/water system is performed. Hexahydroxydiphenic acid, created after hydrolysis, spontaneously lactonized to ellagic acid, and sanguisorbic acid to sanguisorbic acid dilactone, while gallic acid remains intact. Ellagitannins generally form macrocycles, whereas gallotannins do not. Examples * Castalagin * Castalin * Casuarictin * Grandinin * Oenothein B from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellagic Acid
Ellagic acid is a polyphenol found in numerous fruits and vegetables. It is the dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid. Name The name comes from the French term ''acide ellagique'', from the word ''galle'' spelled backwards because it can be obtained from ''noix de galle'' ( galls), and to distinguish it from ''acide gallique'' (gallic acid). The molecule structure resembles to that of two gallic acid molecules being assembled "head to tail" and bound together by a C–C bond (as in biphenyl, or in diphenic acid) and two lactone links (cyclic carboxylic esters). Metabolism Biosynthesis Plants produce ellagic acid from hydrolysis of tannins such as ellagitannin and geraniin. Biodegradation Urolithins are gut flora human metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives. Ellagic acid has low bioavailability, with 90% remaining unabsorbed from the intestines until metabolized by microflora to the more bioavailable urolintins. History Ellagic acid was first discovered by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
