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Uppsala Synod
The Uppsala Synod in 1593 was the most important synod of the Lutheran Church of Sweden. Sweden had gone through its Protestant Reformation and broken with Roman Catholicism in the 1520s, but an official confession of faith had never been declared. History The synod was summoned to Uppsala by Duke Charles, heir to the Swedish throne. Four bishops and over 300 priests were also present. The synod was opened on March 1, by Nils Göransson Gyllenstierna, and on the following day Nicolaus Olai Bothniensis, a professor of theology at the Uppsala University, was elected chairman. By March 5, the synod had decided to declare the Holy Scripture the sole guideline for religion. The three creeds—the Apostles', the Nicene, and the Athanasian—were officially recognized, and the unaltered Lutheran Augsburg Confession (1530) was adopted. After the unanimous acceptance of the unaltered Augsburg Confession, Nicolaus Olai Bothniensis, who was presiding, exclaimed, "Now Sweden is one man, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synod
A synod () is a council of a Christian denomination, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. The word ''wikt:synod, synod'' comes from the meaning "assembly" or "meeting" and is analogous with the Latin word meaning "council". Originally, synods were meetings of bishops, and the word is still used in that sense in Roman Catholic Church, Catholicism, Oriental Orthodoxy and Eastern Orthodoxy. In modern usage, the word often refers to the governing body of a particular church, whether its members are meeting or not. It is also sometimes used to refer to a church that is governed by a synod. Sometimes the phrase "general synod" or "general council" refers to an ecumenical council. The word ''synod'' also refers to the standing council of high-ranking bishops governing some of the autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox churches. Similarly, the day-to-day governance of patriarchal and major archbishop, major arch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augsburg Confession
The Augsburg Confession, also known as the Augustan Confession or the Augustana from its Latin name, ''Confessio Augustana'', is the primary confession of faith of the Lutheran Church and one of the most important documents of the Protestant Reformation. The Augsburg Confession was written in both German and Latin and was presented by a number of German rulers and free-cities at the Diet of Augsburg on 25 June 1530. The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V had called on the Princes and Free Territories in Germany to explain their religious convictions in an attempt to restore religious and political unity in the Holy Roman Empire and rally support against the Ottoman invasion in the 16th century Siege of Vienna. It is the fourth document contained in the Lutheran ''Book of Concord''. Background Philipp Melanchthon, Martin Luther and Justus Jonas had already drafted a statement of their theological views in the Articles of Schwabach in 1529,Johann Michael Reu, ''The Augsburg Conf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ericus Erici Sorolainen
Ericus Erici Sorolainen (1546–1625) was a Finnish Lutheran bishop, a Bishop of Turku from 1583 to 1625 as the successor to Paulus Juusten; and the administrator of the Diocese of Viipuri. After his ordination to priesthood, he was sent to University of Rostock (rector of which was then David Chytraeus).Seentry of Ercius Ericiin the Rostock Matrikelportal After his studies he became 1578 headmaster of the school in Gävle. 1583 he was consecrated as bishop together with Petrus Benedicti of Linköping, Nicolaus Stephani of Växjö, and Christian Agricola of Tallinn with catholic ceremonies of the liturgy of John III. Soon after their episcopal consecration, these bishops had to sign a commitment to new Church Order (''Nova Ordinantia''), king John's liturgy, medieval tradition of church music and to use of some specific episcopal ceremonies, in addition to emphasis on study of Church Fathers. This was part of the Liturgical Struggle. King John even planned sending Sorolaine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olaus Martini
Olof Mårtensson (1557 – 17 March 1609) also known in the Latin form Olaus Martini, was Archbishop of Uppsala from 1601 to his death. Born in Uppsala, Sweden, he first enrolled in the University of Uppsala, but when it was temporarily closed in 1578 he travelled abroad. In 1583 he got a Master's degree at the University of RostockSeentry of Olaus Martiniin Rostock Matrikelportal and then travelled home again. On returning, he made himself a reputation when he criticized the liturgy of Swedish King John III of Sweden, John III who held somewhat Catholics beliefs despite that Sweden had been Lutheran since 1531. The king's brother Duke Charles, who later became King Charles IX of Sweden, Charles IX, promoted Olaus to becoming Archbishop of Uppsala in 1601. Despite his support, Martini was fundamentally in opposition to the beliefs of duke Charles, a conflict which eventually led to disputes between the two. Martini was an orthodox Lutheran, while Duke Charles is believed to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrus Kenicius
Petrus Kenicius (1555 – 3 February 1636) was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1609 to his death. He got his education from the Universities of Wittenberg and Rostock. In 1589 he was put in prison by King John III of Sweden, together with, among others, Nicolaus Olai Bothniensis who would become archbishop in 1599–1600. The reason were disagreements with the King's non-Lutheran liturgy. After being released, he was at the Uppsala Synod in 1593 as one of the twelve assessors. And in 1595 he was ordained Bishop of Skara. He was considered a fine and hardworking person who dedicated much time and care to the University in Uppsala and the Church. In his old age, he was weakened by age and sickness and the archdiocese was said to have been neglected. See also * List of Archbishops of Uppsala This article lists the archbishops of Uppsala. Before the Reformation * 1164–1185: Stefan * 1185–1187: Johannes * 1187–1197: Petrus * 1198–1206: Olov L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olaus Canuti Helsingius
Olaus Canuti Helsingius (1520-1607) was a Swedish prelate, and member of the clergy of the Riksdag of the Estates (1571, 1590, and 1594). He was a preacher at the Royal Court of Sweden, and tutor to the prince, the future King Eric XIV of Sweden. He admitted the liturgy of King John III of Sweden at the liturgical struggle, but was one of the signers of the Uppsala Synod (1593) of the Church of Sweden The Church of Sweden ( sv, Svenska kyrkan) is an Evangelical Lutheran national church in Sweden. A former state church, headquartered in Uppsala, with around 5.6 million members at year end 2021, it is the largest Christian denomination in Sw .... References 1520 births 1607 deaths 17th-century Swedish Lutheran priests 16th-century Swedish politicians Members of the Riksdag of the Estates 16th-century Swedish Lutheran priests {{Sweden-reli-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurentius Paulinus Gothus
Laurentius Paulinus Gothus (10 November 1565 – 29 November 1646) was a Sweden, Swedish theologian, astronomer and Archbishop of Uppsala. Biography Gothus was born Lars Paulsson at Söderköping in Östergötland County, Sweden. In 1588, Gothus travelled to Germany and studied in the Rostock University for three years. He was influenced by Pierre de la Ramée (1515–1572) and his philosophy. After receiving a Master's degree, he returned to Uppsala in time for the Uppsala Synod in 1593 where the founding dogmas of the Church of Sweden were made final. He was appointed professor of logic at the recently reopened, and now Lutheran focused, Uppsala University. In 1598 he re-transferred himself to the professorship in astronomy. He was, along with some other professors, suspended from his duty, because of demands that professors to sign a petition supporting Sigismund III Vasa as king of Sweden. However, in 1604, his Protestant uncle Charles IX of Sweden, Duke Charles was crowne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Stephani Bellinus
Johannes Stephani Bellinus (died 1617) was a Swedish prelate and vicar in Enköping, Sweden. Johannes Stephani Bellinus was son to Stephanus Andreae and brother to Olaus Stephani Bellinus and Christopherus Stephani Bellinus. He served as pastor in Bälinge, Archdiocese of Uppsala 1572 and in Enköping. He participated at the Uppsala synod in 1593. Bellinus was in good standing to the kings John III och Sigismund but not the Duke Charles, who opposed his appointment altogether despite vocal advocacy by the local community. Johannes Stephani Bellinus was discharged from his office at the time that the same thing happened to his brother, bishop Olaus Stephani Bellinus. Despite attributions to high age, unapproval of Duke Charles seems to have been a major factor. Bellinus was succeeded by Ericus Olai Skepperus. Bellinus retreated to the estate that he had been given by King Sigismund, where he ended his days. He died in 1617 and was buried in the Church of Our Lady in Enk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christopherus Stephani Bellinus
Christopherus Stephani Bellinus (died 1607 in Irsta, Västmanland County) was a Swedish priest, and Member of the Clergy of the Riksdag of the Estates of Sweden. Biography Christopherus Stephani Bellinus was a brother of Bishop Olaus Stephani Bellinus, among others. A daughter of Christopherus Bellinus was married to Samuel Olai Normontanus. Christopherus Bellinus was appointed Chaplain at the Royal Court of Sweden in 1579, and vicar in Irsta in 1586. Bellinus participated in the Uppsala Synod in 1593, and signed its documentation. He served as Member of the Clergy of the Riksdag of the Estates of Sweden in 1594, as one of the signing participants in support of the throne pretendence of King Sigismund Sigismund (variants: Sigmund, Siegmund) is a German proper name, meaning "protection through victory", from Old High German ''sigu'' "victory" + ''munt'' "hand, protection". Tacitus latinises it '' Segimundus''. There appears to be an older form of .... Sources Ihrsta 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archbishop Of Uppsala
The Archbishop of Uppsala (spelled Upsala until the early 20th century) has been the primate (bishop), primate of Sweden in an unbroken succession since 1164, first during the Roman Catholic Church, Catholic era, and from the 1530s and onward under the Lutheran church. Historical overview There have been bishops in Uppsala from the time of Swedish King Ingold I, Ingold the Elder in the 11th century. They were governed by the archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen until Uppsala was made an archbishopric in 1164. The archbishop in Lund (which at that time belonged to Denmark) was declared primate (bishop), primate of Sweden, meaning it was his right to select and ordain the Uppsala archbishop by handing him the pallium. To gain independence, Folke Johansson Ängel in 1274 went to Rome and was ordained directly by the pope. This practice was increasing, so that no Uppsala archbishop was in Lund after Olov Björnsson, in 1318. In 1457, the archbishop Jöns Bengtsson (Oxenstierna) was allow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Angermannus
Abraham Andersson, usually known under the Latin form of his name, Abrahamus Andreæ Angermannus or just Abraham Angermannus (died in October 1607) was the fourth Lutheran Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1593 to 1599. He was described as bold and outspoken. Biography Angermannus was born around 1540 in the province of Ångermanland, Sweden, whence his name is derived. In 1576 he was appointed school principal at a school in Stockholm. But because of his criticism towards the liturgy of King John III of Sweden, John tried to get him to move somewhere else. After turning down the offer of becoming professor at Uppsala University, Angermannus was forced to become vicar in the remote city Öregrund. Still polemizing, the king then moved him again to an even remoter area, to Saltvik on the island Åland. This did not silence him. In his preachings he spoke sharply against papism and liturgy until eventually John sent some men to arrest him and he was taken t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John III Of Sweden
John III ( sv , Johan III, fi, Juhana III; 20 December 1537 – 17 November 1592) was King of Sweden from 1569 until his death. He was the son of King Gustav I of Sweden and his second wife Margaret Leijonhufvud. He was also, quite autonomously, the ruler of Finland, as ''Duke John'' from 1556 to 1563. In 1581 he assumed also the title Grand Prince of Finland. He attained the Swedish throne after a rebellion against his half-brother Eric XIV. He is mainly remembered for his attempts to close the gap between the newly established Lutheran Church of Sweden and the Catholic church, as well as his conflict with, and murder of, his brother. His first wife was Catherine Jagellonica of the Polish-Lithuanian ruling family, and their son Sigismund eventually ascended both the Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish thrones. Biography John was the second son of Gustav Vasa (1523–60). His mother was Margaret Leijonhufvud (1514–51), a Swedish noblewoman. Gustav had placed his son in Finland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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