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Universal Chess Interface
The Universal Chess Interface (UCI) is an open communication protocol that enables chess engines to communicate with user interfaces. History In November 2000, the UCI protocol was released. Designed by Rudolf Huber and Stefan Meyer-Kahlen, the author of Shredder, UCI rivals the older "Chess Engine Communication Protocol" introduced with XBoard/WinBoard. In 2002, Chessbase, the chess software company which markets Fritz, began to support UCI, which had previously been supported by only a few interfaces and engines. , well over 300 engines are known to directly support UCI. Design By design, UCI assigns some tasks to the user interface (i.e., presentation layer) which have traditionally been handled by the engine (at the business layer) itself. Most notably, the opening book is usually expected to be handled by the UI, by simply selecting moves to play until it is out of book, and only then starting up the engine for calculation in the resulting position. UCI does not sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communication Protocol
A communication protocol is a system of rules that allows two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any variation of a physical quantity. The protocol defines the rules, syntax, semantics (computer science), semantics, and synchronization of communication and possible Error detection and correction, error recovery methods. Protocols may be implemented by Computer hardware, hardware, software, or a combination of both. Communicating systems use well-defined formats for exchanging various messages. Each message has an exact meaning intended to elicit a response from a range of possible responses predetermined for that particular situation. The specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be Implementation, implemented. Communication protocols have to be agreed upon by the parties involved. To reach an agreement, a protocol may be developed into a technical standard. A programming language describes the same for computations, so there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forsyth–Edwards Notation
Forsyth–Edwards Notation (FEN) is a standard Chess notation, notation for describing a particular board position of a chess game. The purpose of FEN is to provide all the necessary information to restart a game from a particular position. FEN is based on a system developed by Scotland, Scottish newspaper journalist David Forsyth (chess player), David Forsyth. His system became popular in the 19th century, then Steven J. Edwards extended it to support its use by computers. FEN is defined in the "Portable Game Notation Specification and Implementation Guide". In the Portable Game Notation for chess games, FEN is used to define initial positions other than the standard one. FEN does not provide sufficient information to decide whether a draw (chess), draw by threefold repetition may be legally claimed or a draw offer may be accepted; for that, a different format such as Extended Position Description is needed. Definition A FEN record defines a particular game position, all in one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portable Game Notation
Portable Game Notation (PGN) is a standard plain text format for recording chess games (both the moves and related data), which can be read by humans and is also supported by most chess software. History PGN was devised around 1993, by Steven J. Edwards, and was first popularized and specified via the Usenet newsgroup rec.games.chess. Usage PGN is structured "for easy reading and writing by human users and for easy parsing and generation by computer programs." The chess moves themselves are given in algebraic chess notation using English initials for the pieces. The filename extension is .pgn. There are two formats in the PGN specification, the "import" format and the "export" format. The import format describes data that may have been prepared by hand, and is intentionally lax; a program that can read PGN data should be able to handle the somewhat lax import format. The export format is rather strict and describes data prepared under program control, similar to a pretty prin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiangqi
Xiangqi (; ), commonly known as Chinese chess or elephant chess, is a Strategy game, strategy board game for two players. It is the most popular board game in China. Xiangqi is in the same family of games as shogi, janggi, chess, Western chess, chaturanga, and Indian chess. Besides China and areas with significant ethnic Chinese communities, this game is also a popular pastime in Vietnam, where it is known as , literally 'General's chess', in contrast with Western chess or ', literally 'King's chess'. The game represents a battle between two armies, with the primary object being to checkmate the enemy's general (king). Distinctive features of xiangqi include the cannon (''pao''), which must jump to capture; a rule prohibiting the generals from facing each other directly; areas on the board called the ''river'' and ''palace'', which restrict the movement of some pieces but enhance that of others; and the placement of the pieces on the intersections of the board lines, rather th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shogi
, also known as Japanese chess, is a Strategy game, strategy board game for two players. It is one of the most popular board games in Japan and is in the same family of games as chess, Western chess, chaturanga, xiangqi, Indian chess, and janggi. ''Shōgi'' means general's (''shō'' ) board game (''gi'' ). Shogi was the earliest historical chess-related game to allow captured pieces to be returned to the board by the capturing player. This ''drop rule'' is speculated to have been invented in the 15th century and possibly connected to the practice of 15th-century Mercenary#15th to 18th centuries, mercenaries switching loyalties when captured instead of being killed. The earliest predecessor of the game, chaturanga, originated in India in the 6th century, and the game was likely transmitted to Japan via China or Korea sometime after the Nara period."Shogi". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 2002. Shogi in its present form was played as early as the 16th century, while a direct ancesto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chess Variant
A chess variant is a game related to, derived from, or inspired by chess. Such variants can differ from chess in many different ways. "International" or "Western" chess itself is one of a family of games which have related origins and could be considered variants of each other. Chess developed from ''chaturanga'', from which other members of this family, such as ''makruk, ouk chatrang'', ''shatranj'', Tamerlane chess, ''shogi'', and ''xiangqi'' also evolved. Many chess variants are designed to be played with the equipment of regular chess. Most variants have a similar public-domain status as their parent game, but some have been made into commercial proprietary games. Just as in traditional chess, chess variants can be played over the board, Correspondence chess, by correspondence, or computer chess, by computer. Some internet chess servers facilitate the play of some variants in addition to orthodox chess. In the context of chess problems, chess variants are called heterodox che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stockfish (chess)
Stockfish is a free and open-source chess engine, available for various desktop and mobile platforms. It can be used in Computer chess, chess software through the Universal Chess Interface. Stockfish has been one of the strongest chess engines in the world for several years; it has won all main events of the Top Chess Engine Championship (TCEC) and the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship (CCC) since 2020 and, , is the strongest CPU chess engine in the world with an estimated Elo rating system, Elo rating of 3644, in a time control of 40/15 (15 minutes to make 40 moves), according to CCRL. The Stockfish engine was developed by Tord Romstad, Marco Costalba, and Joona Kiiski, and was derived from Glaurung, an open-source engine by Tord Romstad released in 2004. It is now being developed and maintained by the Stockfish community. Stockfish historically used only a classical Evaluation function#Handcrafted evaluation functions, hand-crafted function to evaluate board positions, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sjeng (software)
Sjeng is a chess engine written by Gian-Carlo Pascutto based on Faile, written by Adrien Regimbald. There are two major versions of Sjeng: the original open source version called Sjeng (also now known as Sjeng old or Sjeng free) and Deep Sjeng, a closed source commercial version. Sjeng ‘Free’ According to the Sjeng website “Sjeng was written by Gian-Carlo Pascutto with help from Adrien Regimbald, Daniel Clausen, Dann Corbit, Lenny Taelman, Ben Nye, Ronald De Man, David Dawson, Tim Foden and Georg von Zimmermann.” The AUTHORS file in the Sjeng distribution states that “Sjeng is written by Gian-Carlo Pascutto, based on work done by Adrien Regimbald.” Unlike most other chess engines Sjeng supports several popular chess variants: Crazyhouse, Suicide, Losers and, when playing on a chess server, Bughouse. Starting with Mac OSX 10.4 Sjeng has been distributed as the engine behind the graphical “Chess” Mac application. The first version with source code under the GPL ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shredder (software)
Shredder is a commercial chess engine and graphical user interface (GUI) developed in Germany by Stefan Meyer-Kahlen in 1993. Shredder won the World Microcomputer Chess Championship in 1996 and 2000, the World Computer Chess Championship in 1999 and 2003, the World Computer Speed Chess Championship in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2007, and the World Chess Software Championship in 2010. The Shredder engine version 10.0 was released in June 2006. Version 11.0 was released in October 2007. Version 12 was released in January 2010. The "Deep" version takes advantage of multiple CPUs or multiple core CPUs. Version 13 was released on 30 October 2016. Version 13 is about 300 Elo better than Version 12. Shredder is one of the few commercial chess programs which is available not only for Windows and Mac OS, but also for Linux. Shredder is also available on the iPhone, the iPad and Android. GNOME Chess is used as the graphical front-end for Shredder. Competition results Shredder has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rybka
Rybka is a computer chess engine designed by International Master Vasik Rajlich. Around 2011, Rybka was one of the top-rated engines on chess engine rating lists and won many computer chess tournaments. After Rybka won four consecutive World Computer Chess Championships from 2007 to 2010, it was stripped of these titles after the International Computer Games Association concluded in June 2011 that Rybka was plagiarized from both the Crafty and the Fruit chess engines and so failed to meet their originality requirements. In 2015FIDE Ethics Commission following a complaint put forward by Vasik Rajlich and chess engine developer and games publisher Chris Whittington regarding ethical breaches during internal disciplinary proceedings, ruled the ICGA guilty and sanctioned ICGA with a warning. Case 2/2012. ChessBase published a challenging two-part interview-article about the process and verdict with ICGA spokesperson David Levy. Subsequently, ChessBase recruited Rejlich to pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junior (chess Program)
Junior is a computer chess program written by the Israeli programmers Amir Ban and Shai Bushinsky. Grandmaster Boris Alterman assisted, in particular with the opening book. Junior can take advantage of multiprocessing, multiple processors, taking the name Deep Junior when competing this way in tournaments. According to Bushinsky, one of the innovations of Junior over other chess programs is the way it counts moves. Junior counts orthodox, ordinary moves as two moves, while it counts interesting moves as only one move, or even less. In this way interesting variations are analyzed more meticulously than less promising lines. This seems to be a generalization of search extensions already used by other programs. Another approach its designers claim to use is 'opponent modeling'; Junior might play moves that are not objectively the strongest but that exploit the weaknesses of the opponent. According to Don Dailey "It has some evaluation that can sting if it's in the right situation—t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
