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Umushamyces
''Umushamyces'' is a genus in the family Scoliciosporaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single lichenicolous fungus species ''Umushamyces kuturnus''. Both the genus and species were described as new to science in 2008 by lichenologist Javier Etayo. The genus is similar in appearance to ''Arthonia'', but with ''Biatora'' or '' Bacidia''-type asci. The species was found parasitising the lichen ''Coccotrema cucurbitula ''Coccotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the type genus of the family Coccotremataceae, in the order Pertusariales. The genus contains 16 species. Taxonomy ''Coccotrema'' was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argov ...''. References Lecanorales Monotypic Lecanorales genera Taxa described in 2008 Lichenicolous fungi {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scoliciosporaceae
Scoliciosporaceae is a family of lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.fungi in the order Lecanorales. It contains two genera, the monotypic '' Umushamyces'', and the type genus '' Scoliciosporum [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenicolous Fungus
A lichenicolous fungus is a parasitic fungus that only lives on lichen as the host. A lichenicolous fungus is not the same as the fungus that is the component of the lichen, which is known as a lichenized fungus. They are most commonly specific to a given fungus as the host, but they also include a wide range of pathogens, saprotrophs, and commensals. It is estimated there are 3000 species of lichenicolous fungi. More than 1800 species are already described among the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Lichenicolous Fungi: Interactions, Evolution, and Biodiversity, Lawrey, James D.; Diederich, Paul. The Bryologist 106(1), pp. 80 120, 2003/ref> More than 95% of lichenicolous fungi described as of 2003 are ascomycetes, in 7 class (biology), classes and 19 order (biology), orders. Although basidiomycetes have less than 5% of lichenicolous lichen species, they represent 4 classes and 8 orders. Many lichenicolous species have yet to be assigned a phylogenetic position as of 2003. See also * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthonia
''Arthonia'' is a genus of lichens in the family Arthoniaceae. It was circumscribed by Swedish botanist Erik Acharius in 1806. It is a genus of thin crustose lichen of widely varying forms, commonly called comma lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Gallery Image:Arthonia_caesia.jpg, '' Arthonia caesia'' Image:Arthonia caesia-5.jpg, Photograph of a cross section of an apothecium of ''A. caesia'' taken through a compound microscope, x 400. Image:Arthonia caesia-6.jpg, Photograph of two spores (3-septate, 4-celled) from ''Arthonia caesia'' taken through a compound microscope, x 1000. (spores measure 21 x 5 micrometres) Species * '' Arthonia abbreviata'' Müll. Arg., 1895 * '' Arthonia abnormis'' (Ach.) Müll. Arg., 1880 * '' Arthonia abrothallina'' Nyl., 1856 * '' Arthonia accolens'' Stirt., 1878 * '' Arthonia acharii'' A. Massal., 1860. * '' Arthonia aciniformis'' Stirt., 1878 * ''Arthonia adhaerens'' Müll. Arg., 1880 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biatora
''Biatora'' is a genus of lichens in the family Ramalinaceae. First described in 1817,Fries EM, Sandberg A. (1817). ''Lichenum dianome nova''. Lund. the genus consists of crustose and squamulose lichens with green algal photobionts, biatorine apothecia, colorless, simple to 3-septate ascospores, and bacilliform pycnospores. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the genus contains 42 species that are widely distributed in temperate areas. Species *'' Biatora alaskana'' *'' Biatora alnetorum'' *'' Biatora appalachensis'' *'' Biatora aureolepra'' *'' Biatora australis'' *'' Biatora bacidioides'' *'' Biatora britannica'' *'' Biatora carneoalbida'' *'' Biatora chrysantha'' *'' Biatora chrysanthoides'' *'' Biatora cuprea'' *'' Biatora cuyabensis'' *'' Biatora efflorescens'' *'' Biatora ementiens'' *'' Biatora epirotica'' *'' Biatora epixanthoides'' *'' Biatora globulosa'' *'' Biatora hafellneri'' *'' Biatora halei'' *'' Biatora hemipol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacidia
''Bacidia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1846. Species in the genus are crust-like lichens with stemless apothecia; they have green algae (chloroccoid) as photobionts. Their asci have 8 colorless, cylindrical to acicular, multiseptate spores, with curved and thread-like conidia. Species *'' Bacidia absistens'' *'' Bacidia albogranulosa'' *'' Bacidia alutacea'' *'' Bacidia arceutina'' *'' Bacidia areolata'' – Russian Far East *'' Bacidia beckhausii'' *'' Bacidia biatorina'' *'' Bacidia brigitteae'' – Kangaroo Island *'' Bacidia caesiovirens'' – western Europe *'' Bacidia campbelliae'' *'' Bacidia carneoglauca'' *'' Bacidia chrysocolla'' *''Bacidia circumspecta'' *'' Bacidia conspicua'' *'' Bacidia convexa'' *'' Bacidia cornea'' *'' Bacidia coruscans'' *'' Bacidia curvispora'' *'' Bacidia cylindrophora'' *'' Bacidia effusa'' *'' Bacidia ekmaniana'' *'' Bacidia elong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccotrema Cucurbitula
''Coccotrema'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi. It is the type genus of the family Coccotremataceae, in the order Pertusariales. The genus contains 16 species. Taxonomy ''Coccotrema'' was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1889, with '' Coccotrema antarcticum'' assigned as the type species. In a 2001 publication, Schmidt and colleagues showed, using molecular phylogenetics, that the species then known as ''Lepolichen coccophorus'' (the type species of the genus ''Lepolichen'', created by Trevisan in 1853) was nested in a clade that contained ''Coccotrema'' species, and so transferred that species into ''Coccotrema'', as ''Coccotrema coccophorum''. However, the genus ''Lepolichen'' is older than ''Coccotrema'', and so its name has priority according to the rules for botanical nomenclature. To minimize nomenclatural disruption, Alan Fryday and colleagues submitted a proposal to conserve the name ''Coccotrema'' against ''Lepolichen''. Species *'' C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanorales
The Lecanorales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The order contains 26 families, 269 genera, and 5695 species. Families * Aphanopsidaceae * Biatorellaceae * Brigantiaeaceae * Bruceomycetaceae * Carbonicolaceae * Catillariaceae * Cladoniaceae * Crocyniaceae * Dactylosporaceae * Gypsoplacaceae * Haematommataceae * Lecanoraceae * Malmideaceae * Pachyascaceae * Parmeliaceae * Pilocarpaceae * Psilolechiaceae * Psoraceae * Ramalinaceae * Ramboldiaceae * Scoliciosporaceae * Sphaerophoraceae * Stereocaulaceae * Tephromelataceae * Vezdaeaceae Genera of uncertain placement There are several genera in the Lecanorales that have not been placed with certainty into any family. These are: *'' Coronoplectrum'' – 1 sp. *'' Ivanpisutia'' – 1 sp. *'' Joergensenia'' – 1 sp. *'' Myochroidea'' – 4 spp. *'' Neopsoromopsis'' – 1 sp. *''Psoromella ''Psoromella'' is a genus of lichenized fungi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic Lecanorales Genera
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, ''Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda.'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxa Described In 2008
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were set forth in Carl Linnaeus's system in ''Systema Naturae'', 10th edition (1758), as well as an unpublished work by Bernard and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The idea of a unit-based system of biological classification was first made widely available in 1805 in the intr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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