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Umkomasia Macleani Reconstruction
''Umkomasia'' is a genus of seed bearing organs produced by corystosperm seed ferns, first based on fossils collected by Hamshaw Thomas from the Burnera Waterfall locality near the Umkomaas River of South Africa. He recognized on the basis of cuticular similarities that the same plant produced pollen organs ''Pteruchus'' and the leaves ''Dicroidium''. Various other corystosperm seed bearing organs from the Jurassic and Cretaceous have been assigned to this genus, but recently have been given distinct genera, with ''Umkomasia'' being restricted to the Triassic. Description Umkomasia has helmet like cupules around ovules born in complex large branching structures. Whole plant associations *''Umkomasia feistmantelii'' from the Early Triassic of Australia may have been produced by the same plant as ''Pteruchus barrealensis'' (pollen organs) and ''Dicroidium zuberi'' (leaves) *''Umkomasia macleanii'' from the Late Triassic of South Africa may have been produced by the same p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umkomasia Feistmantelii
''Umkomasia feistmantelii'' is an unusually large species of ''Umkomasia'' from the Early Triassic of New South Wales, Australia. Description ''Umkomasia feistmantelii'' is found both with cupules enclosing the large seeds and with cupules open and expandede into a star-shaped form. Whole Plant Reconstruction ''Umkomasia feistmantelii'' from the Early Triassic of Australia may have been produced by the same plant as ''Pteruchus barrealensis'' (pollen organs) and ''Dicroidium zuberi ''Dicroidium zuberi'' is a large bipinnate species of the seed fern ''Dicroidium'' with a forked rachis In biology, a rachis (from the grc, ῥάχις [], "backbone, spine") is a main axis or "shaft". In zoology and microbiology In verteb ...'' (leaves) See also * Evolution of plants References External links Paleodb.org: ''Umkomasia feistmanteli'' Permian plants Triassic plants Pteridospermatophyta Cisuralian life Early Triassic life Plants described in 1987 Cis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period of the Mesozoic Era. Both the start and end of the period are marked by major extinction events. The Triassic Period is subdivided into three epochs: Early Triassic, Middle Triassic and Late Triassic. The Triassic began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, which left the Earth's biosphere impoverished; it was well into the middle of the Triassic before life recovered its former diversity. Three categories of organisms can be distinguished in the Triassic record: survivors from the extinction event, new groups that flourished briefly, and other new groups that went on to dominate the Mesozoic Era. Reptiles, especially archosaurs, were the chief terrestrial vertebrates during this time. A specialized subgroup of archo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Plant Genera
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records, with their neighbors following. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the following Iron Age. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triassic Plants
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period of the Mesozoic Era. Both the start and end of the period are marked by major extinction events. The Triassic Period is subdivided into three epochs: Early Triassic, Middle Triassic and Late Triassic. The Triassic began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, which left the Earth's biosphere impoverished; it was well into the middle of the Triassic before life recovered its former diversity. Three categories of organisms can be distinguished in the Triassic record: survivors from the extinction event, new groups that flourished briefly, and other new groups that went on to dominate the Mesozoic Era. Reptiles, especially archosaurs, were the chief terrestrial vertebrates during this time. A specialized subgroup of archosaurs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permian Plants
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the region of Perm in Russia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the two groups of amniotes, the synapsids and the sauropsids (reptiles). The world at the time was dominated by the supercontinent Pangaea, which had formed due to the collision of Euramerica and Gondwana during the Carboniferous. Pangaea was surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. The Carboniferous rainforest collapse left behind vast regions of desert within the continental interior. Amniotes, which could better cope with these drier conditions, rose to dominance in place of their amphibia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evolution Of Plants
The evolution of plants has resulted in a wide range of complexity, from the earliest algal mats, through multicellular marine and freshwater green algae, terrestrial bryophytes, lycopods and ferns, to the complex gymnosperms and angiosperms (flowering plants) of today. While many of the earliest groups continue to thrive, as exemplified by red and green algae in marine environments, more recently derived groups have displaced previously ecologically dominant ones; for example, the ascendance of flowering plants over gymnosperms in terrestrial environments. There is evidence that cyanobacteria and multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes lived in freshwater communities on land as early as 1 billion years ago, and that communities of complex, multicellular photosynthesizing organisms existed on land in the late Precambrian, around . Evidence of the emergence of embryophyte land plants first occurs in the mid-Ordovician (~), and by the middle of the Devonian (~), many of the featur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicroidium Odontopteroides
''Dicroidium odontopteroides'' was a common and widespread species of ''Dicroidium'' known from South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, South America and Antarctica. The species was first discovered in Triassic sediments of Tasmania and described by the palaeontologist John Morris in 1845. Description The leaves of ''Dicroidium odontopteroides'' differ from other species of ''Dicroidium ''Dicroidium'' is an extinct genus of fork-leaved seed ferns that were widely distributed over Gondwana during the Triassic (). Their fossils are known from South Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Australia, New Zealand, South America, Madagascar ...'' in being unipinnate and having short rounded pinnae. Whole plant reconstructions ''Dicroidium odontopteroides'' may have been produced by the same plant as '' Umkomasia macleanii'' (ovulate structures) and '' Pteruchus africanus'' (pollen organs), based on cuticular similarities between these leaves and reproductive structures at the Umkomaas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteruchus Africanus
''Pteruchus africanus'' is a pollen organ of a seed fern (Pteridospermatophyta). It was first described by Hamshaw Thomas from the Umkomaas locality of South Africa. Description The pollen organs ''Pteruchus africanus'' differ from other species of ''Pteruchus'' in small size, and equant blade supporting the pollen sacs. Whole plant reconstructions ''Pteruchus africanus'' may have been produced by the same plant as '' Umkomasia macleanii'' (ovulate organs) and ''Dicroidium odontopteroides ''Dicroidium odontopteroides'' was a common and widespread species of ''Dicroidium'' known from South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, South America and Antarctica. The species was first discovered in Triassic sediments of Tasmania and described ...'' (leaves), based on cuticular similarities between these leaves and reproductive structures at the Umkomaas locality of South Africa. References Triassic plants Pteridospermatophyta {{triassic-plant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with unique biomes, plant and animal life. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 24th-most populous nation and covers an area of . South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town respectively. The largest city is Johannesburg. About 80% of the population are Black South Afri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicroidium Zuberi
''Dicroidium zuberi'' is a large bipinnate species of the seed fern ''Dicroidium'' with a forked rachis In biology, a rachis (from the grc, ῥάχις [], "backbone, spine") is a main axis or "shaft". In zoology and microbiology In vertebrates, ''rachis'' can refer to the series of articulated vertebrae, which encase the spinal cord. In this c .... The leaves are affiliated with ''Umkomasia feistmantellii'' megasporophylls and ''Petruchus'' ''barrealensis'' microsporophylls. ''D. zuberi'' was a common species in the coeval vegetation of the Sydney and Lorne Basins of New South Wales. Specimens have been found near Wairaki Hut and indicate that this species may have been as common in Scytho-Anisian vegetation of coastal New Zealand. In younger rocks younger than the late Anisian, they are outnumbered by unipinnate ''Dicroidium'' leaves such as those belonging to ''D. odontopteroides''. Description ''Dicroidium zuberi'' had large, bipinnate, thick and leathery leaves. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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