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Umar Al-Tilmisani
'Umar al-Tilmisani , also Omar el-tilmisany ( ar, عمر التلمساني, ; most often transliterated as ''Omar el Telmesany'' or ''Telmesani '') (4 November 1904 – 22 May 1986) was the third General Guide (Murshid al-'Am) of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. He headed the Egyptian Islamist organization from 1972 until 1986. Al-Tilmisani headed the Muslim Brotherhood during a period of cooperation and, some observers suggest, cooptation by the Egyptian state. While the Brothers were not precisely legal during Tilmisani's term, they were tolerated and encouraged by Egypt's former President Sadat as a bulwark against both leftist opponents and more Islamists. Biography Al-Tilmisani was born in the Darb al-Ahmar district of Cairo in 1904. A lawyer, al-Tilmisani joined the Brothers in 1933, and was inducted into the organization by its founding General Guide, Hassan al-Banna. Al-Tilmisani was from a family of prominent landowners, which owned 300 feddans (acres) and seven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim Brotherhood
The Society of the Muslim Brothers ( ar, جماعة الإخوان المسلمين'' ''), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood ( ', is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928. Al-Banna's teachings spread far beyond Egypt, influencing today various Islamist movements from charitable organizations to political parties—not all using the same name. Initially, as a Pan-Islamic, religious, and social movement, it preached Islam in Egypt, taught the illiterate, and set up hospitals and business enterprises. It later advanced into the political arena, aiming to end British colonial control of Egypt. The movement's self-stated aim is the establishment of a state ruled by Sharia law–its most famous slogan worldwide being: "Islam is the solution". Charity is a major aspect of its work. The group spread to other Muslim countries but has its largest, or one of its largest, organizations in Egypt despit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Mashhur
Mustafa Mashhur ( ar, مصطفى مشهور; 15 September 1921 – 29 October 2002) was the fifth General Guide (leader) of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. He was the official head of the Muslim Brotherhood organization from 1996 until 2002, although outside observers have suggested that he informally ran the organization during the ten-year term of his predecessor Muhammad Hamid Abu al-Nasr as well. In 1995, Mashhur published “Jihad Is The Way”, the last of a five-volume work titled “The Laws of Da’wa.” Da’wa means to “summon” others to Islam, essentially a form of proselytizing to non-Muslims. “Jihad Is The Way” detailed Mashhur’s views as to how the Muslim Brotherhood determined to advance Islam's global conquest, to reestablish an Islamic Caliphate, and to infuse all Muslims with a sense of duty to wage jihad (battle) against Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1986 Deaths
The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 **Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal enter the European Community, which becomes the European Union in 1993. *January 11 – The Sir Leo Hielscher Bridges, Gateway Bridge in Brisbane, Australia, at this time the world's longest prestressed concrete free-cantilever bridge, is opened. *January 13–January 24, 24 – South Yemen Civil War. *January 20 – The United Kingdom and France announce plans to construct the Channel Tunnel. *January 24 – The Voyager 2 space probe makes its first encounter with Uranus. *January 25 – Yoweri Museveni's National Resistance Army Rebel group takes over Uganda after leading a five-year guerrilla war in which up to half a million people are believed to have been killed. They will later use January 26 as the official date to avoid a coincidence of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1904 Births
Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number), the natural number following 18 and preceding 20 * one of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (film), a 1987 science fiction film Music * 19 (band), a Japanese pop music duo Albums * ''19'' (Adele album), 2008 * ''19'', a 2003 album by Alsou * ''19'', a 2006 album by Evan Yo * ''19'', a 2018 album by MHD * ''19'', one half of the double album ''63/19'' by Kool A.D. * ''Number Nineteen'', a 1971 album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron * ''XIX'' (EP), a 2019 EP by 1the9 Songs * "19" (song), a 1985 song by British musician Paul Hardcastle. * "Nineteen", a song by Bad4Good from the 1992 album '' Refugee'' * "Nineteen", a song by Karma to Burn from the 2001 album ''Almost Heathen''. * "Nineteen" (song), a 2007 song by American singer Billy Ray Cyrus. * "Nineteen", a song by Tegan and Sara from the 2007 album '' The Con''. * "XIX" (song), a 2014 song by Slipk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hosni Mubarak
Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak, (; 4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011. Before he entered politics, Mubarak was a career officer in the Egyptian Air Force. He served as its commander from 1972 to 1975 and rose to the rank of air chief marshal in 1973. In 1975, he was appointed vice president by President Anwar Sadat and assumed the presidency after his assassination in 1981. Mubarak's presidency lasted almost thirty years, making him Egypt's longest-serving ruler since Muhammad Ali Pasha, who ruled the country for 43 years from 1805 to 1848. Less than two weeks after the assassination of President Anwar Sadat, Mubarak quickly assumed the presidency in the single-candidate 1981 referendum, and renewed his term through single-candidate referendums in 1987, 1993, and 1999. Under United States pressure, Mubarak held the country's first multi-party election in 2005, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al Dawa
''Al Dawa'' (Arabic: ''The Call'') was an Arabic language monthly political magazine which was published in Egypt in two periods, 1951–1953 and 1976–1981. The publication was one of the media outlets connected to the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. History and profile ''Al Dawa'' was published in two periods, first between 1951 and 1953 and between 1976 and 1981. In each period it was an organ of the Muslim Brotherhood. Its restart in 1976 referred to the semi-official resurgence of the group. In addition, ''Al Dawa'' was one of the three Islamic publications in Egypt in this period. First period (1951–1953) ''Al Dawa'' was first published on 3 January 1951, and its founder was Salih Ashmawi. The magazine was published on a monthly basis. In this phase the magazine was very radical and primarily targeted external opponents, namely Jews, Christians, atheist Communists and seculars. It also served for other goals. First it disseminated the views of the Brotherhood of which the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salih Ashmawi
Salih Ashmawi (1910–1983) was an Egyptian political figure and a member of the Muslim Brotherhood. He held several posts in the group and edited some of its publications such as ''Al Dawa'' and ''Al Nadhir''. Early life and education Ashmawi was born in Cairo in 1910. He received a bachelor's degree in commerce in 1932 from Cairo University, Fuad I University. Career and activities Following his meeting with Hassan al-Banna, Hasan Al Banna Ashmawi joined the Muslim Brotherhood in 1937. Next year Ashmawi was appointed editor-in-chief of ''Al Nadhir'', a weekly journal started by the Brotherhood. However, he left the Brotherhood after internal disputes stopping the publication of the journal and involved in the establishment of another Islamic group entitled the Society of Mohammad's Youth. Later he restored his relations with Al Banna and became the head of secret group within the Brotherhood. Under his leadership the secret apparatus gained considerable autonomy to the exten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infitah
''Infitah'' ( ar, انفتاح ', "openness") or Law 43 of 1974 was Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's policy of "opening the door" to private investment in Egypt in the years following the 1973 October War (Yom Kippur War) with Israel. Infitah was accompanied by a break with longtime ally and aid-giver the USSR – which was replaced by the United States – and by a peace process with Israel symbolized by Sadat's dramatic flight to Jerusalem in 1977. Infitah ended the domination of Egypt's economy by the public sector and encouraged both domestic and foreign investment in the private sector. The Egyptian Army's crossing across the Suez canal in the October 1973 Yom Kippur War, which, despite Egypt's eventual defeat, was seen by many as a political victory for its initial successes and gave Sadat the prestige to initiate a major reversal of Gamal Abdel Nasser's policies. Overview Under President Nasser, proponents of statism and a command economy with limited private invest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feddan
A feddan ( ar, فدّان, faddān) is a unit of area used in Egypt, Sudan, Syria, and the Oman. In Classical Arabic, the word means 'a yoke of oxen', implying the area of ground that could be tilled by oxen in a certain time. In Egypt, the feddan is the only non-metric unit which remained in use following the adoption of the metric system. A feddan is divided into 24 kirat ( ar, قيراط, links=no, ''qīrāt''), with one kirat equals 175 square metres. Equivalent units 1 feddan = 24 kirat = 60 metre × 70 metre = 4200 square metres (m²) = 0.420 hectares = 1.037 acres In Syria, the feddan ranges from 2295 square metres (m²) to 3443 square metres (m²). See also *Acre *Dunam A dunam ( Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: ; tr, dönüm; he, דונם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area equivalent to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount ... References {{Reflist Units of area Science and te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Al-Hudaybi
Hassan al-Hudaybi (also Hassan al Hodeiby) ( ar, حسن الهضيبي) (December 1891 – 11 November 1973) was the second "General Guide", or leader, of the Muslim Brotherhood organization, appointed in 1951 after founder Hassan al-Banna's assassination two years earlier. Al-Hudaybi held the position until his death in 1973. Early life Hassan Isma‘il al-Hudaybi was born in the village of Arab al-Suwaliha, located in north-east Cairo, in December 1891. The eldest of four sisters and three brothers, he was raised in a poor, working-class family. His father wanted his eldest son to become a scholar and thus began Hassan's education with Qur'an lessons at the local village school. However, after a year of religious schooling, Hassan chose to transfer to a secular government primary school. He continued his secular education through secondary school and later received a degree in law in 1915. In 1924, al-Hudaybi was promoted to judgeship and received his first posting at Qena, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Al-Banna
Sheikh Hassan Ahmed Abdel Rahman Muhammed al-Banna ( ar, حسن أحمد عبد الرحمن محمد البنا; 14 October 1906 – 12 February 1949), known as Hassan al-Banna ( ar, حسن البنا), was an Egyptian schoolteacher and imam, best known for founding the Muslim Brotherhood, one of the largest and most influential Islamic revivalist organizations. Al-Banna's writings marked a turning-point in Islamic intellectual history by presenting a modern ideology based on Islam. Al-Banna considered Islam to be a comprehensive system of life, with the ''Qur'an'' and Sunnah as the only acceptable constitution. He called for Islamization of the state, the economy, and society. He declared that establishing a just society required development of institutions and progressive taxation, and elaborated an Islamic fiscal theory where ''zakat'' would be reserved for social expenditure in order to reduce inequality. Al-Banna's ideology involved criticism of Western materialism, Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anwar Al-Sadat
Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat, (25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third president of Egypt, from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Sadat was a senior member of the Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, under whom he served as Vice President twice and whom he succeeded as president in 1970. In 1978, Sadat and Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, signed a peace treaty in cooperation with United States President Jimmy Carter, for which they were recognized with the Nobel Peace Prize. In his eleven years as president, he changed Egypt's trajectory, departing from many of the political and economic tenets of Nasserism, re-instituting a multi-party system, and launching the Infitah economic policy. As President, he led Egypt in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 to rega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
