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Uluabat
Ulubad or Uluabat, in the Byzantine period Lopadion ( grc, Λοπάδιον), Latinized as Lopadium, is a settlement near the town of Karacabey in the Bursa Province of northwestern Turkey. It was sited on the ancient Miletouteichos. History Uluabat is located on the banks of the Mustafakemalpaşa River (ancient and medieval Rhyndacus). It is first mentioned by Theodore of Stoudios in one of his letters, as the site of a ''xenodocheion'' (caravanserai). By the late 11th century, it featured a market town. The existence of a 4th-century bridge carrying the road between Cyzicus on the Sea of Marmara to the interior of Asia Minor made it a place of some strategic importance, especially in the wars of the Komnenian emperors against the Seljuk Turks in the 11th–12th centuries, during which it is best known. Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) fought the Turks in the vicinity, and in 1130, his successor John II Komnenos (r. 1118–43) built there a great fortress which bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafakemalpaşa River
The Mustafakemalpaşa River, Orhaneli River or Adirnaz River ( tr, Mustafakemalpaşa Çayı, or ) is a river in northwestern Anatolia in the Bursa Province of Turkey's Marmara Region. It is named for the city of Mustafakemalpaşa which lies near its delta onto Lake Uluabat. In antiquity, the river was known as Rhyndacus (, ''Rhýndakos''Strabo. ''The Geographica''XII, 8, §11 Retrieved 2011-09-03.). In Greek Mythology, Rhyndacus was a son of Oceanus and Tethys, and his daughters by Mount Didymos, the Rhyndacides, were revered as pegaeæ, meaning water-Springs. In his ''Dionysiaca'', Nonnus recorded their waters being used by Dionysus to drug the nymph Nicaea after she offended the Rhyndacides by murdering the shepherd Hymnus. Upon recovering her senses, she then cursed them.Nonnus. ''Dionysiaca'', XV & XVI. Op. cit. ''Theoi Greek Mythology: Exploring Mythology in Classical Literature & Art''.Rhyndakides" Retrieved 2011-09-04. Although the Rhyndacus was formerly the main arter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karacabey
Karacabey is a town and district of Bursa Province in the Marmara Region of Turkey. It is located just west of the Simav River near its confluence with the Adirnaz River. District of Karacabey borders districts of Mudanya and Nilüfer from east, ones of Mustafakemalpaşa and Susurluk from south, one of Manyas from southwest and Bandırma from west. It is sited on the ancient town of Miletopolis. Karacabey is an industrial area as well as an agricultural one. It is known as the plantation area of a special variety of onions. There are many famous food factories around Karacabey such as Nestle and many varieties of vegetables and fruits are planted in Karacabey. There is a nearby lake called Uluabat. The Marmara Sea is 32 km to the north. The town is named for a Turkish soldier during the Ottoman era named Karaca Bey. The former name of the town was Mihalich Hazlitt, W. '' The Classical Gazetteer: A Dictionary of Ancient Geography, Sacred and Profane.''Macestus" Whittake ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miletouteichos
Miletouteichos ( grc, Μιλητουτεῖχος) was a Greek town located near the coast of the Propontis in ancient Mysia. It is mentioned in the '' Hellenica Oxyrhynchia'': in the year 395 BCE, the troops of Agesilaus II, king of Sparta, departing from Cius, attacked Miletouteichos, but they could not take it and they retired, marching next by the Rhyndacus river to Dascylium. Scholars have debated the name. The toponym also appears in an inscription where a theorodokos is mentioned in Miletouteichos around 330 BCE. It may be that the place-name appears in an Athenian decree of the year 410/09 BCE. Some scholars have identified Miletouteichos with Miletopolis, but others contend that they are two different cities. Another possibility that has been suggested is to identify it with the city of Apollonia ad Rhyndacum. It has been suggested as possible site of Miletouteichos is northwest of Lake Apolloniatis, in the current Uluabat Ulubad or Uluabat, in the By ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodore Of Stoudios
Theodore the Studite ( grc-x-medieval, Θεόδωρος ό Στουδίτης; 759–826), also known as Theodorus Studita and Saint Theodore of Stoudios/Studium, was a Byzantine Greek monk and abbot of the Stoudios Monastery in Constantinople. He played a major role in the revivals both of Byzantine monasticism and of classical literary genres in Byzantium. He is known as a zealous opponent of iconoclasm, one of several conflicts that set him at odds with both emperor and patriarch. Throughout his life he maintained letter correspondences with many important political and cultural figures of the Byzantine empire; this included many women, such as the composer and nun Kassia, who was much influenced by his teachings. Biography Family and childhood Theodore was born in Constantinople in 759. He was the oldest son of Photeinos, an important financial official in the palace bureaucracy, and Theoktiste, herself the offspring of a distinguished Constantinopolitan family. The brother ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine's Bridge (Mysia)
Constantine's Bridge was a late antique bridge in Mysia, modern-day Turkey. The structure, built some time after 258 AD, crossed the river Rhyndacus (modern ''Adırnas Çayı'') at Lopadium (modern Uluabat). It was crowned in Byzantine times by a chapel dedicated by Saint Helena to emperor Constantine I (r. 324–337 AD). Only few remains have survived: at the beginning of the 20th century, the English archaeologist Frederick William Hasluck reported no arch as complete, and only a few ruined piers on the north bank. The masonry consisted of ashlar-faced rubble. Apart from Constantine's Bridge, other remarkably well preserved Roman bridges have survived in Mysia, known by the rivers they cross as the Makestos Bridge, the Aesepus Bridge and the White Bridge over the Granicus. See also * List of Roman bridges * Roman architecture Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans In m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire remained the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. The terms "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" were coined after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire, and to themselves as Romans—a term which Greeks continued to use for themselves into Ottoman times. Although the Roman state continued and its traditions were maintained, modern historians prefer to differentiate the Byzantine Empire from Ancient Rome a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Turks
The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922). Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, but they take their Turkish name, ''Osmanlı'' ("Osman" became altered in some European languages as "Ottoman"), from the house of Osman I (reigned 1299–1326), the founder of the House of Osman, the ruling dynasty of the Ottoman Empire for its entire 624 years. Expanding from its base in Söğüt, the Ottoman principality began incorporating other Turkish-speaking Muslims and non-Turkish Christians. Crossing into Europe from the 1350s, coming to dominate the Mediterranean Sea and, in 1453, invading Constantinople (the capital city of the Byzantine Empire), the Ottoman Turks blocked all major land routes between Asia and Europe. Western Europeans had to find other ways to trade with the East. Brief history The "Ottomans" first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first defeating the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate, the strongest Muslim state of the time. However, a sequence of economic and political events culminated in the Crusader army's 1202 siege of Zara and the 1204 sack of Constantinople, the capital of the Greek Christian-controlled Byzantine Empire, rather than Egypt as originally planned. This led to the partitioning of the Byzantine Empire by the Crusaders. The Republic of Venice contracted with the Crusader leaders to build a dedicated fleet to transport their invasion force. However, the leaders greatly overestimated the number of soldiers who would embark from Venice, since many sailed from other ports, and the army that appeared could not pay the contracted price. In lieu of payment, the Venetian Doge Enrico Dandolo proposed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Empire
The Latin Empire, also referred to as the Latin Empire of Constantinople, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. The Latin Empire was intended to replace the Byzantine Empire as the Western-recognized Roman Empire in the east, with a Catholic emperor enthroned in place of the Eastern Orthodox Roman emperors. The Fourth Crusade had originally been called to retake the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem but a sequence of economic and political events culminated in the Crusader army sacking the city of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Originally, the plan had been to restore the deposed Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelos, who had been usurped by Alexios III Angelos, to the throne. The crusaders had been promised financial and military aid by Isaac's son Alexios IV, with which they had planned to continue to Jerusalem. When the crusaders reached Constantinople the situation quickly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Rhyndacus (1211)
The Battle of the Rhyndacus was fought on 15 October 1211 between the forces of two of the main successor states of the Byzantine Empire, the Latin Empire and the Byzantine Greek Empire of Nicaea, established following the dissolution of the Byzantine state after the Fourth Crusade. The Latin emperor, Henry of Flanders, desired to expand his territory in Asia Minor at the expense of the Nicaeans. He had already achieved a victory in 1205 at Adramyttium, but the need to counter the Bulgarians in Europe had forced him to conclude a truce and depart. By 1211, only a small exclave around Pegai remained in Latin hands. Taking advantage of the losses suffered by the Nicaean army against the Seljuks in the Battle of Antioch on the Meander, Henry landed with his army at Pegai and marched eastward to the Rhyndacus river. Henry had probably some 260 Frankish knights. Laskaris had a larger force overall, but only a handful of Frankish mercenaries of his own, as they had suffered especia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empire Of Nicaea
The Empire of Nicaea or the Nicene Empire is the conventional historiographic name for the largest of the three Byzantine Greek''A Short history of Greece from early times to 1964'' by W. A. Heurtley, H. C. Darby, C. W. Crawley, C. M. Woodhouse (1967), p. 55: "There in the prosperous city of Nicaea, Theodoros Laskaris, the son in law of a former Byzantine Emperor, establish a court that soon become the Small but reviving Greek empire." rump states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine/Roman Empire that fled after Constantinople was occupied by Western European and Venetian armed forces during the Fourth Crusade, a military event known as the Sack of Constantinople. Like other Byzantine rump states that formed after the 1204 fracturing of the empire, such as the Empire of Trebizond and the Empire of Thessalonica, it was a continuation of the eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived well into the medieval period. A fourth state, known in historiography as the Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed I
Mehmed I ( 1386 – 26 May 1421), also known as Mehmed Çelebi ( ota, چلبی محمد, "the noble-born") or Kirişçi ( el, Κυριτζής, Kyritzis, "lord's son"), was the Ottoman sultan from 1413 to 1421. The fourth son of Sultan Bayezid I and Devlet Hatun, he fought with his brothers over control of the Ottoman realm in the Ottoman Interregnum (1402–1413). Starting from the province of Rûm he managed to bring first Anatolia and then the European territories (Rumelia) under his control, reuniting the Ottoman state by 1413, and ruling it until his death in 1421. Called "The Restorer," he reestablished central authority in Anatolia, and he expanded the Ottoman presence in Europe by the conquest of Wallachia in 1415. Venice destroyed his fleet off Gallipoli in 1416 as the Ottomans lost a naval war. Early life Mehmed was born in 1386 or 1387 as the fourth son of Sultan Bayezid I () and one of his consorts, the slave girl Devlet Hatun. Following Ottoman custom, when he reac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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