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Ubanteman
Ubanteman is a village on Abaiang, atoll in Kiribati. There are 126 residents of the village (2010 census). To its north is Takarano, and to its east is Tebunginako. Ubwanteman presently does not suffer from coastal erosion Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms. The landward ... but further towards Takarano, there is extreme erosion and coconut palms are already standing on the beach and public roads are being damaged. References Populated places in Kiribati {{Kiribati-geo-stub ...
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Abaiang
Abaiang, also known as Apaiang, Apia, and in the past, Charlotte Island, in the Northern Gilbert Islands, is a coral atoll of Kiribati, located in the west-central Pacific Ocean. Abaiang was the island of the first missionary to arrive in the Gilberts, Hiram Bingham II. Abaiang has a population of 5,872 (2020 census). Geography Abaiang Atoll is in the northern Gilberts, located not very far to the north of Tarawa. Abaiang is the fourth most northerly in the Gilberts chain of atolls, with a total land area of . The atoll has a lagoon that provides sheltered anchorage. The main island of Abaiang, ''Teiro'' (not to be confused with the small islet of ''Teirio'') has a total land area of extends from the northern village of Takarano to the southern village of Tabontebike. It occupies the complete eastern rim and also encircles the southern part of the atoll, stretching over a distance of some Its width ranges from no more than to more than , averaging . It contains 16 of th ...
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Takarano
Takarano is a the most northern village on Abaiang, an atoll in Kiribati. Ubanteman Ubanteman is a village on Abaiang, atoll in Kiribati. There are 126 residents of the village (2010 census). To its north is Takarano, and to its east is Tebunginako. Ubwanteman presently does not suffer from coastal erosion Coastal erosio ... is the village to its south. There are 348 residents of Takarano (2010 census). The village has a medical clinic that is staffed by a nursing officer, and which serves residents of the Takarano and Ubwanteman communities. At the northern point of Takarano, extreme erosion has been experienced on both the ocean side of the tip of the island and on the lagoon side; the coast has eroded and accreted over the years. References Populated places in Kiribati {{Kiribati-geo-stub ...
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Tebunginako
Tebunginako is a village on Abaiang atoll in Kiribati; to its west is Ubanteman, and to its south are Borotiam and Koinawa. The settlement had been dealing with seawater inundation and coastal instability since the 1970s, and is being abandoned. A report by the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission determined that natural erosion was the primary factor, as the village was located close to the site of a blocked ocean/lagoon channel, however many, including the Kiribati government, suggest that this was due to sea level rise caused by global warming In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to E .... As storm surges becoming more frequent and spring tides more forceful, eventually the erosion was so great that the village had to be abandoned. The remains of about 100 thatched ho ...
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Atoll
An atoll () is a ring-shaped island, including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon partially or completely. There may be coral islands or cays on the rim. Atolls are located in warm tropical or subtropical oceans and seas where corals can grow. Most of the approximately 440 atolls in the world are in the Pacific Ocean. Two different, well-cited models, the subsidence and antecedent karst models, have been used to explain the development of atolls.Droxler, A.W. and Jorry, S.J., 2021. ''The Origin of Modern Atolls: Challenging Darwin's Deeply Ingrained Theory.'' ''Annual Review of Marine Science'', 13, pp.537-573. According to Charles Darwin's ''subsidence model'', the formation of an atoll is explained by the subsidence of a volcanic island around which a coral fringing reef has formed. Over geologic time, the volcanic island becomes extinct and eroded as it subsides completely beneath the surface of the ocean. As the volcanic island subsides, the coral fringing reef becomes a ...
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Kiribati
Kiribati (), officially the Republic of Kiribati ( gil, ibaberikiKiribati),Kiribati
''The World Factbook''.

Europa (web portal). Retrieved 29 January 2016.
is an in in the central . The permanent population is over 119,000 (2020), more than half of whom live on

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Coastal Erosion
Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms. The landward retreat of the shoreline can be measured and described over a temporal scale of tides, seasons, and other short-term cyclic processes. Coastal erosion may be caused by hydraulic action, abrasion, impact and corrosion by wind and water, and other forces, natural or unnatural. On non-rocky coasts, coastal erosion results in rock formations in areas where the coastline contains rock layers or fracture zones with varying resistance to erosion. Softer areas become eroded much faster than harder ones, which typically result in landforms such as tunnels, bridges, columns, and pillars. Over time the coast generally evens out. The softer areas fill up with sediment eroded from hard areas, and rock formations are eroded away. Also erosion commonly ...
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