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Turkmenistan Human Rights Activists
Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. The population is about 6 million, the lowest of the Central Asian republics, and Turkmenistan is one of the most sparsely populated nations in Asia. Turkmenistan has long served as a thoroughfare for other nations and cultures. Merv is one of the oldest oasis-cities in Central Asia, and was once the biggest city in the world. It was also one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1925, Turkmenistan became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Anthem Of Turkmenistan
The "State Anthem of Turkmenistan", also known as the "National Anthem of Independent Neutral Turkmenistan" ( tk, Garaşsyz, Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni), was adopted as the national anthem of Turkmenistan in 1996, then again with modified lyrics in 2008.''Turkmenistan to the Heights of the Golden Age'', Ashgabat, 2005. The music was composed by Turkmenistani composer Veli Mukhatov, who also composed the music of the Anthem of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, Turkmen SSR's regional anthem. The lyrics were originally written by the first president of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov (also known as Turkmenbashi), who died on 21 December 2006. Less than two years after his death, the reference to Turkmenbashi in the chorus was replaced with "the people", and both the third and final verse and the chorus at the start of the piece were removed. The national anthem is played at the start of radio and television broadcasts at 6:55 a.m. local time and played again wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Totalitarian
Totalitarianism is a form of government and a political system that prohibits all opposition parties, outlaws individual and group opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high if not complete degree of control and regulation over public and private life. It is regarded as the most extreme and complete form of authoritarianism. In totalitarian states, political power is often held by autocrats, such as dictators (totalitarian dictatorship) and absolute monarchs, who employ all-encompassing campaigns in which propaganda is broadcast by state-controlled mass media in order to control the citizenry. By 1950, the term and concept of totalitarianism entered mainstream Western political discourse. Furthermore this era also saw anti-communist and McCarthyist political movements intensify and use the concept of totalitarianism as a tool to convert pre-World War II anti-fascism into Cold War anti-communism. As a political ideology in itself, totalitarianism is a d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raşit Meredow
Raşit Öwezgeldiýewiç Meredow (, Cyrillic: Рашит Өвезгелдиевич Мередов; born 29 May 1960) is a Turkmen politician and diplomat who has served as Vice President of Turkmenistan since 2007. Biography Raşit Meredow was born in Ashgabat on 29 May 1960. His father Öwezgeldi was a Turkmen scientist and lawyer. His mother is an ethnic Azerbaijani. Meredow's relatives on his mother’s side live in the city of Mary, where she herself spent her childhood before moving to Ashgabat. Meredow’s sister and close relatives live in Mary, with his sister teaching at a local high school. In 1977, he entered the Moscow State University department of law. In 1982, he began as a teacher in the department of civil law and civil process of the Turkmen State University. In 1984-1987, he studied as a post-graduate student at the Moscow State University. He holds a master's degree in law. In 1987-1990, he was lecturer, senior teacher in the department of civil law an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice President Of Turkmenistan
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The vice president of Turkmenistan, formally referred to as the Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, and erroneously (based on the official title, and despite the abolition of the Prime Minister of Turkmenistan's office) as the Deputy Prime Minister, is the deputy head of state and deputy chairman of the government, though, anomalously, not the immediate constitutional successor. The Vice President is appointed by the President of Turkmenistan. First vice presidents References Politics of Turkmenistan Government of Turkmenistan Vice-presidents of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serdar Berdimuhamedow
Serdar Gurbangulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow, (born 22 September 1981) is the third and current president of Turkmenistan, serving since 19 March 2022. Berdimuhamedow had previously served in several other positions within the government of his father, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow. In 2021, he became one of several deputy chairmen in the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan. Having won 73 percent of the vote in the 2022 Turkmenistan presidential election, considered to be neither free nor fair, he succeeded his father's 15-year-long authoritarian tenure as president. Early career and education Serdar Berdimuhamedow was born on 22 September 1981 in Ashgabat. He studied at Secondary School No. 43 in Ashgabat from 1987 to 1997. Between 1997 and 2001, he studied at the Turkmen Agricultural University, graduating as an engineer-technologist. From July to November 2001, he worked in the Directorate for Foreign Economic Relations of the Food Processing Association, followed by two year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Turkmenistan
The president of Turkmenistan ( tk, Türkmenistanyň prezidenti), officially the president and chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, is the head of state and head of government of Turkmenistan. The president is also the supreme commander in chief of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan and heads the State Security Council. Serdar Berdimuhamedow is the current president of Turkmenistan, the third in the history of the country since it gained independence with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. He succeeded his father, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow when the latter stepped down in 2022 after a reign of 15 years, the first president to do so. In the 2022 election, Berdimuhamedow received 72.97% of the country's popular vote against nine other candidates. The country passed reforms in 2016 eliminating term limits for the presidency and removing the previous age requirement of below 70, as well as extending the term from five to seven years. Requirements for presi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hereditary Dictatorship
A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian and can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies. The term dictatorship originates from its use i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnegie Endowment For International Peace
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) is a nonpartisan international affairs think tank headquartered in Washington D.C. with operations in Europe, South and East Asia, and the Middle East as well as the United States. Founded in 1910 by Andrew Carnegie, the organization describes itself as being dedicated to advancing cooperation between countries, reducing global conflict, and promoting active international engagement by the United States and countries around the world. In the University of Pennsylvania's "2019 Global Go To Think Tanks Report", Carnegie was ranked the number 1 top think tank in the world. In the ''2015 Global Go To Think Tanks Report'', Carnegie was ranked the third most influential think tank in the world, after the Brookings Institution and Chatham House. It was ranked as the top Independent Think Tank in 2018. Its headquarters building, prominently located on the Embassy Row section of Massachusetts Avenue, was completed in 1989 on a design b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom House
Freedom House is a non-profit, majority U.S. government funded organization in Washington, D.C., that conducts research and advocacy on democracy, political freedom, and human rights. Freedom House was founded in October 1941, and Wendell Willkie and Eleanor Roosevelt served as its first honorary chairpersons. It describes itself as a "clear voice for democracy and freedom around the world", although some critics have stated that the organization is biased towards U.S. interests as it is government-funded. The organization was 66% funded by grants from the U.S. government in 2006, a number which has increased to 86% in 2016. The organization's annual ''Freedom in the World'' report, which assesses each country's degree of political freedoms and civil liberties, is frequently cited by political scientists, journalists, and policymakers. '' Freedom of the Press'' and ''Freedom on the Net'', [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurasianet
Eurasianet is a news organisation based at Columbia University’s Harriman Institute, the United States, that provides news, information and analysis on countries in Central Asia, the Caucasus region, Russia and Southwest Asia. Launched in 2000, it operated under the auspices of the Eurasia Project of the Open Society Foundations (OSF). Eurasianet spun off in 2016 to become an independent, tax-exempt non-profit news organization. The site receives support from Google, OSF and the National Endowment for Democracy. Eurasianet has won EPpy Awards The EPPY Awards are a premier accolade for media-affiliated websites, presented by '' Editor & Publisher'' magazine. Designed in 1996 to honor newspaper companies that did an "outstanding job in creating online services," the awards were originall ... for its special feature website on the Kyrgyz Revolution Revisited (2007) and for Best News website with under 250,000 monthly visitors (2011). It has also received numerous citations from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul H
Paul may refer to: *Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name) *Paul (surname), a list of people People Christianity *Paul the Apostle (AD c.5–c.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Christian missionary and writer *Pope Paul (other), multiple Popes of the Roman Catholic Church *Saint Paul (other), multiple other people and locations named "Saint Paul" Roman and Byzantine empire *Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus (c. 229 BC – 160 BC), Roman general *Julius Paulus Prudentissimus (), Roman jurist *Paulus Catena (died 362), Roman notary *Paulus Alexandrinus (4th century), Hellenistic astrologer *Paul of Aegina or Paulus Aegineta (625–690), Greek surgeon Royals *Paul I of Russia (1754–1801), Tsar of Russia *Paul of Greece (1901–1964), King of Greece Other people *Paul the Deacon or Paulus Diaconus (c. 720 – c. 799), Italian Benedictine monk *Paul (father of Maurice), the father of Maurice, Byzan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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