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Tudeh Party
The Tudeh Party of Iran ( fa-at, حزب تودۀ ایران, Ḥezb-e Tūde-ye Īrān, lit=Party of the Masses of Iran) is an Iranian communist party. Formed in 1941, with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its head, it had considerable influence in its early years and played an important role during Mohammad Mosaddegh's campaign to nationalize the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and his term as prime minister. The crackdown that followed the 1953 coup against Mosaddegh is said to have "destroyed" the party,Abrahamian, Ervand, ''A History of Modern Iran'', p.122 although a remnant persisted. The party still exists but has remained much weaker as a result of its banning in Iran and mass arrests by the Islamic Republic in 1982, as well as the executions of political prisoners in 1988. Tudeh identified itself as the historical offshoot of the Communist Party of Persia. Ideological profile The party has generally been described as "communist" by historians (for example: "The Tudeh Party was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morning Star (British Newspaper)
The ''Morning Star'' is a left-wing British daily newspaper with a focus on social, political and trade union issues. Originally founded in 1930 as the ''Daily Worker'' by the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), ownership was transferred from the CPGB to an independent readers' co-operative in 1945. The paper was then renamed and reinvented as the ''Morning Star'' in 1966. The paper describes its editorial stance as in line with ''Britain's Road to Socialism'', the programme of the Communist Party of Britain. During the Cold War, the paper gave a platform to whistleblowers exposing numerous war crimes and atrocities, including publishing proof that the British military were allowing Dayak auxiliaries to headhunt suspected MNLA guerrillas in the Malayan Emergency, publishing evidence of the use of biological weapons by the United States during the Korean War, and revealing the existence of mass graves of civilians killed by the South Korean government. The ''Mornin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudeh Fraction
The Tudeh fraction ( fa, فراکسیون توده) was the parliamentary group of the Tudeh Party of Iran, Tudeh Party in the Iranian Parliament. The group was known for its robust Party discipline, discipline, and its ability to dominate debates in the parliament. During the 14th Iranian Majlis, the party formed a left-Centrism, center coalition with deputies (mostly from northern provinces) who sympathized with its policies, gaining a voting strength of about 30. Historical membership References Iranian Parliament fractions 1944 establishments in Iran Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran Tudeh Party of Iran MPs, * {{Iran-party-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudeh Military Network
The Officers' Organization ( fa, سازمان افسران) or the Military Organization ( fa, سازمان نظامی) of the Tudeh Party, also known as Tudeh Military Network, was an intelligence gathering network that infiltrated the Iranian Armed Forces using clandestine cell system A clandestine cell system is a method for organizing a group of people (such as resistance fighters, sleeper agents, mobsters, or terrorists) such that such people can more effectively resist penetration by an opposing organization (such as l ... method. Bibliography * References External links * {{Iran-stub 1944 establishments in Iran Spy rings Rebel groups in Iran Cold War history of Iran Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran Soviet spies Iran–Soviet Union relations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Organization Of Iranian Women
The Democratic Organization of Iranian Women (DAW; fa, تشکیلات دموکراتیک زنان ایران) is women's wing of the Tudeh Party of Iran. Led by Maryam Firouz, it was founded in 1943 as the 'Organization of Iranian Women' (OIW) ( fa, تشکیلات زنان ایران, Tashkilat-i Zanan-i Iran) and joined Women's International Democratic Federation Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) is an international organization with the stated goal of working for women's rights. It was established in 1945 and was most active during the Cold War. It initially focussed on anti-fascism, worl ... in 1947. The organization "demanded radical transformations in the laws governing the rights of women in the family and at the workplace", according to Hammed Shahidian. They published a monthly magazine named ''Bidari-e Ma'' (), edited by Zahra Eskandari-Bayat. OIW was banned in 1949, along with Tudeh itself and other affiliates, but the party managed to revived it in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudeh Youth Organization
Tudeh Youth Organization ( fa, سازمان جوانان توده, Sāzmān-e javānān-e Tuda) is the youth wing of the Tudeh Party of Iran that was founded in 1943. The organization is affiliated with World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY). It published ''Mardom Baraye Javanan'' () weekly and then ''Razm'' () daily newspapers. The organization was led by Reza Radmanesh, who was succeeded by Nader Sharmini from 1947 to 1952. Under the leadership of the latter, the organization proposed more radical slogans while siding with the moderate faction of the party and attacking the hardliner faction for being not enough revolutionary. In 1966, a split occurred in the organization when a group of members left the party because they considered themselves Maoist. They subsequently founded an organization named the Revolutionary Organization of the Tudeh Party. References {{Communism-stub Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran 1943 establishments in Iran Organiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parviz Mahmoud
Parviz Mahmoud (1910 – 1996) was an Iranian composer and conductor. He was the founder of the Tehran Symphony Orchestra in its modern form. His father Mahmoud Mahmoud (Pahlavi) was a famous Persian writer, researcher and politician. he is son of the Iranian Azerbaijani politician Mahmud Mahmud. Education Parviz studied composition at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels and for a few years he was professor and director of Tehran Conservatory. Immigration to the US In 1959 he moved to the United States and did not continue his musical activities seriously anymore. A few years after immigrating he received his PhD from the University of Indiana Indiana University (IU) is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Indiana. Campuses Indiana University has two core campuses, five regional campuses, and two regional centers under the administration of IUPUI. *Indiana Universit .... His dissertation was about the theory of Persian music and its relation to Weste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. It covers an area of , making it the 17th-largest country. Iran has a population of 86 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the Middle East. Its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz. The country is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. It was first unified by the Medes, an ancient Iranian people, in the seventh century BC, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tehran
Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and has the second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East, after Cairo. It is ranked 24th in the world by metropolitan area population. In the Classical era, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages, a prominent Median city destroyed in the medieval Arab, Turkic, and Mongol invasions. Modern Ray is an urban area absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran. Tehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran by Agha Mohammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty in 1786, because of its proximity to Iran's territories in the Caucasus, then separated from Iran in the Russo-Iranian Wars, to avoid the vying factions of the previously ruling Iranian dynasties. The capital has been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Germany
East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state was a part of the Eastern Bloc in the Cold War. Commonly described as a communist state, it described itself as a socialist "workers' and peasants' state".Patrick Major, Jonathan Osmond, ''The Workers' and Peasants' State: Communism and Society in East Germany Under Ulbricht 1945–71'', Manchester University Press, 2002, Its territory was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the end of World War II—the Soviet occupation zone of the Potsdam Agreement, bounded on the east by the Oder–Neisse line. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin but did not include it and West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR. Most scholars and academics describe the GDR as a totalitarian dictatorship. The GDR was establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leipzig
Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as well as the second most populous city in the area of the former East Germany after (East) Berlin. Together with Halle (Saale), the city forms the polycentric Leipzig-Halle Conurbation. Between the two cities (in Schkeuditz) lies Leipzig/Halle Airport. Leipzig is located about southwest of Berlin, in the southernmost part of the North German Plain (known as Leipzig Bay), at the confluence of the White Elster River (progression: ) and two of its tributaries: the Pleiße and the Parthe. The name of the city and those of many of its boroughs are of Slavic origin. Leipzig has been a trade city since at least the time of the Holy Roman Empire. The city sits at the intersection of the Via Regia and the Via Imperii, two important medieval trad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London, England
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as '' Londinium'' and retains its medieval boundaries.See also: Independent city § National capitals The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which largely comprises Greater London, governed by the Greater London Authority.The Greater London Authority consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The London Mayor is distinguished from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
