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Tsujigiri
Tsujigiri ( or , literally "crossroads killing") is a Japanese term for a practice when a samurai, after receiving a new '' katana'' or developing a new fighting style or weapon, tests its effectiveness by attacking a human opponent, usually a random defenseless passer-by, in many cases during nighttime.つじぎり 【辻斬り】 国語辞書 - エキサイト辞書 ''Excite.co.jp''. Retrieved 22009-31-12. The practitioners themselves are also referred to as ''tsujigiri''. Variations Sword attacks were not the only possible application of this act. In a variation named ''tsuji-nage'' (, "crossroads throwing"), the samurai would attack the passerb ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiri-sute Gomen
''Kiri-sute gomen'' ( or ) is an old Japanese expression dating back to the feudal era ''right to strike'' (right of samurai to kill commoners for perceived affronts). Samurai had the right to strike with their sword at anyone of a lower class who compromised their honour. Etymology ''Kiri-sute gomen'' translates literally as "authorization to cut and leave he body of the victim" Contrary to popular belief, this exact term did not originate in the Edo period. The real name used in historical sources is either or .Mako Taniguchi, ''Kiri-sute Gomen'', Yamakawa, 2005 Conditions Because the right was defined as a part of self defence, ''kiri-sute gomen'' had a set of tight rules. The strike had to follow immediately after the offence, meaning that the striker could not attack someone for a past grievance or after a substantial amount of time. Also, due to the right being self-defence, it was not permissible to deliver a further coup de grâce if a blow had been successfully app ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samurai
were the hereditary military nobility and officer caste of medieval and early-modern Japan from the late 12th century until their abolition in 1876. They were the well-paid retainers of the '' daimyo'' (the great feudal landholders). They had high prestige and special privileges such as wearing two swords and '' Kiri-sute gomen'' (right to kill anyone of a lower class in certain situations). They cultivated the '' bushido'' codes of martial virtues, indifference to pain, and unflinching loyalty, engaging in many local battles. Though they had predecessors in earlier military and administrative officers, the samurai truly emerged during the Kamakura shogunate, ruling from 1185 to 1333. They became the ruling political class, with significant power but also significant responsibility. During the 13th century, the samurai proved themselves as adept warriors against the invading Mongols. During the peaceful Edo period (1603 to 1868), they became the stewards and chamberlains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokyo
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 million residents ; the city proper has a population of 13.99 million people. Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, the prefecture forms part of the Kantō region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and is the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan. Originally a fishing village named Edo, the city became politically prominent in 1603, when it became the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate. By the mid-18th century, Edo was one of the most populous cities in the world with a population of over one million people. Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the imperial capital in Kyoto was moved to Edo, which was renamed "Tokyo" (). Tokyo was dev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Dull Sword
is a Japanese animated short film produced by Jun'ichi Kōuchi in 1917. It was rediscovered by an antique shop employee in Osaka in March 2008. This film is a 4-minute silent short that tells a story about a foolish ''rōnin'' purchase of a dull-edged sword and subsequent attempts at ''tsujigiri''. It was released on June 30, 1917, and is among the very earliest examples of anime. Plot is a short comedic ''jidaigeki'' about a dim-witted self-appointed samurai were the hereditary military nobility and officer caste of medieval and early-modern Japan from the late 12th century until their abolition in 1876. They were the well-paid retainers of the '' daimyo'' (the great feudal landholders). They ... and his worn-down sword which turns completely useless as he tries to fight even the weakest opponents. The samurai, trying to figure out why his old sword cannot cut anyone he strikes, tries desperately to attack random townspeople who defend themselves and knock him o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tameshigiri
''Tameshigiri'' (試し斬り, 試し切り, 試斬, 試切) is the Japanese art of target test cutting. The kanji literally mean "test cut" (kun'yomi: ためし ぎり ''tameshi giri''). This practice was popularized in the Edo period (17th century) for testing the quality of Japanese swords.Kapp (1987), p.41 It continues to the present day, but has evolved into a martial art which focuses on demonstrating the practitioner's skill with a sword. Origins During the Edo period, only the most skilled swordsmen were chosen to test swords, so that the swordsman's skill was not questionable in determining how well the sword cut. The materials used to test swords varied greatly. Some substances were ''wara'' (藁; rice straw), ''goza'' (茣蓙; woven rush mats) or ''tatami-omote'' (畳表; the top layer of ''tatami'' mats), bamboo, and thin steel sheets. In addition, there was a wide variety of cuts used on cadavers and occasionally convicted criminals,Sesko (2011), p.148 from ''ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crypteia
The Crypteia, also referred to as Krypteia or Krupteia ( Greek: κρυπτεία ''krupteía'' from κρυπτός ''kruptós'', "hidden, secret"), was an ancient Spartan state institution involving young Spartan men. It was an exclusive element of Sparta's state-sponsored child-rearing system in which participation afforded its members, known as ''kryptai'' (κρύπται, members of the Krypteia), the opportunity to test their skills further and to prove themselves worthy of the Spartan polity. As an organisation, the Crypteia's mandate and practices are still debated by historians. Overview The Crypteia had young Spartan men, probably between the ages of 21 and 30, who were described as "those judged to have the most intelligence." The men were known as ''hêbôntes'', one of the many social categories that preceded full Spartiate citizenship, and had completed their rearing at the agoge with such success that they were marked out as potential future leaders by Spartan offi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moral Relativism
Moral relativism or ethical relativism (often reformulated as relativist ethics or relativist morality) is used to describe several philosophical positions concerned with the differences in moral judgments across different peoples and cultures. An advocate of such ideas is often referred to as a relativist for short. '' Descriptive'' moral relativism holds only that people do, in fact, disagree fundamentally about what is moral, with no judgment being expressed on the desirability of this. '' Meta-ethical'' moral relativism holds that in such disagreements, nobody is objectively right or wrong. '' Normative'' moral relativism holds that because nobody is right or wrong, everyone ought to tolerate the behavior of others even when large disagreements about morality exist. Said concepts of the different intellectual movements involve considerable nuance and aren't absolute descriptions. Descriptive relativists do not necessarily adopt meta-ethical relativism. Moreover, not all met ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Relativism
Cultural relativism is the idea that a person's beliefs and practices should be understood based on that person's own culture. Proponents of cultural relativism also tend to argue that the norms and values of one culture should not be evaluated using the norms and values of another. It was established as axiomatic in anthropological research by Franz Boas in the first few decades of the 20th century and later popularized by his students. Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: "civilization is not something absolute, but...is relative, and... our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our civilization goes". However, Boas did not coin the term. The first use of the term recorded in the '' Oxford English Dictionary'' was by philosopher and social theorist Alain Locke in 1924 to describe Robert Lowie's "extreme cultural relativism", found in the latter's 1917 book ''Culture and Ethnology''. The term became common among anthropologists after Boas' death in 1942, to exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Midgley
Mary Beatrice Midgley (' Scrutton; 13 September 1919 – 10 October 2018) was a British philosopher. A senior lecturer in philosophy at Newcastle University, she was known for her work on science, ethics and animal rights. She wrote her first book, ''Beast and Man'' (1978), when she was in her late fifties, and went on to write over 15 more, including ''Animals and Why They Matter'' (1983), ''Wickedness'' (1984), ''The Ethical Primate'' (1994), ''Evolution as a Religion'' (1985), and ''Science as Salvation'' (1992). She was awarded honorary doctorates by Durham and Newcastle universities. Her autobiography, ''The Owl of Minerva'', was published in 2005. Midgley strongly opposed reductionism and scientism, and argued against any attempt to make science a substitute for the humanities. She wrote extensively about what she thought philosophers can learn from nature, particularly from animals. Midgley insisted that humans ought to be understood as first and foremost, a kind of anim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hero Of The Red-Light District
The ''Hero of the Red-Light District'', (also titled ''Yoshiwara: The Pleasure Quarter'' (''Yoto Monogatari: Hana No Yoshiwara Hyakunin Giri'') or ''Killing in Yoshiwara'') is a 1960 film by Tomu Uchida. Plot A successful provincial merchant cannot find a wife because of a disfiguring birthmark. Even the courtesans in Yoshiwara was a famous (red-light district) in Edo, present-day Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1617, Yoshiwara was one of three licensed and well-known red-light districts created during the early 17th century by the Tokugawa shogunate, alongside Shimab ... refuse to entertain him, until an indentured peasant prostitute, Tamarazu, treats him with tenderness. The disfigured businessman finds love with Tamarazu. Review "The film that led David Shipman to declare Uchida “the equal of Mizoguchi and Kinugasa,” Killing in Yoshiwara ranks with Uchida’s finest postwar work. This dark melodrama’s sudden and violent end in a shower of cherry blossoms is one of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabuki
is a classical form of Japanese dance- drama. Kabuki theatre is known for its heavily-stylised performances, the often-glamorous costumes worn by performers, and for the elaborate make-up worn by some of its performers. Kabuki is thought to have originated in the very early Edo period, when founder Izumo no Okuni formed a female dance troupe who performed dances and light sketches in Kyoto. The art form later developed into its present all-male theatrical form after women were banned from performing in kabuki theatre in 1629. Kabuki developed throughout the late 17th century and reached its zenith in the mid-18th century. In 2005, kabuki theatre was proclaimed by UNESCO as an intangible heritage possessing outstanding universal value. In 2008, it was inscribed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Etymology The individual kanji that make up the word ''kabuki'' can be read as , , and . ''Kabuki'' is therefore sometimes tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spree Killer
A spree killer is someone who commits a criminal act that involves two or more murders or homicides in a short time, in multiple locations. The U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics defines a spree killing as "killings at two or more locations with almost no time break between murders". Definition According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the general definition of "spree killer" is a person (or more than one person) who commits two or more murders without a cooling-off period; the lack of a cooling-off period marks the difference between a spree killer and a serial killer. The category has, however, been found to be of no real value to law enforcement, because of definitional problems relating to the concept of a "cooling-off period". Serial killers commit clearly separate murders, happening at different times. Mass murderers are defined by one incident, with no distinctive time period between the murders. How to distinguish a spree killer from a mass murderer, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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