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Trihydroxyanthraquinone
A trihydroxyanthraquinone or trihydroxyanthracenedione is any of several isomeric organic compounds with formula , formally derived from anthraquinone by replacing three hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl groups. They include several historically important dyes. Wahl, Andre; Atack, F. W (1919) ''The Manufacture Of Organic Dyestuffs''. G. Bell And Sons, LimitedOnline versionaccessed on 2010-01-22. Hugh Alister McGuigan (1921), ''An introduction to chemical pharmacology; pharmacodynamics in relation to chemistry''. P. Blakiston's son, PhiladelphiaOnline versionat archive.org, accessed on 2010-01-30. The isomers may differ in the parent anthraquinone isomer and/or of the three hydroxyl groups. In general there are 56 ways of choosing three out of the 8 hydrogens. However, if the underlying core is symmetrical, some of these choices will give identical molecules. Isomers From 9,10-anthraquinone Due to the symmetry of the 9,10-anthraquinone core, there are only 14 isomers. CRC (1996) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,3,8-Trihydroxyanthraquinone
1,3,8-Trihydroxyanthraquinone is an organic compound. It is one of many trihydroxyanthraquinone isomers, formally derived from anthraquinone by replacement of three hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl (OH) groups. The compound occurs in some microorganisms and in ethanol, alcoholic extracts of the wood of the South American plant ''Senna reticulata'' (''mangerioba grande'' or ''maria mole'' in Portuguese language, Portuguese), used in the local folk medicine for liver problems and rheumatism. The extract also contained, among other products chrysophanol (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone), physcion (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-methoxyanthraquinone), aloe-emodin (3-carbinol-1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone), lunatin (3-methoxy-1,6,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone), emodin (6-methyl-1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone), and chrysophanol-10,10'-bianthrone. SANTOS, Rogério Nunes dos; SILVA, Maria Goretti de Vasconcelos, and BRAZ FILHO, Raimundo (2008). ''Constituintes químicos do caule de Senna reticulata Wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone
1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone, commonly called purpurin, is an anthraquinone. It is a naturally occurring red/yellow dye. It is formally derived from 9,10-anthraquinone by replacement of three hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl (OH) groups. Purpurin is also called verantin, smoke Brown G, hydroxylizaric acid, and C.I. 58205. It is a minor component of the classical lake pigment "madder lake" or Rose Madder. History Madder root has been used for dying cloth at least since 1500 BC.Madder Root'' catalog entry at Natural Pigments website. Accessed on 2010-01-22. Purpurin and alizarin were isolated from the root by Pierre Robiquet and Colin, two French chemists, in 1826. They were identified as anthracene derivatives by Gräbe and Liebermann in 1868. They also synthesized alizarin from bromoanthraquinone, which, together with the conversion of alizarin into purpurin published previously by M. F. De Lalande, provided the first synthetic route to purpurin. The positions of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,2,7-Trihydroxyanthraquinone
Anthrapurpurin, or 1,2,7-trihydroxyanthraquinone, is a purple dye used in histology for the detection of calcium. See also * * Purpurin * * * |
Dihydroxyanthraquinone
A dihydroxyanthraquinone is any of several isomeric organic compounds with formula , formally derived from 9,10-anthraquinone by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl groups. Dihyroxyantraquinones have been studied since the early 1900s, and include some compounds of historical and current importance. The isomers differ in the position of the hydroxyl groups, and of the carbonyl oxygens (=O) of the underlying anthraquinone. Isomers From 9,10-anthraquinone The unqualified term "dihydroxyanthraquinone" usually means a hydroxy derivative of 9,10-anthraquinone. The dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone functional group occurs widely in natural products, and is an important feature of the anthracycline antitumour antibiotics. In particular, 1,8-Dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone is the precursor for the important topical antipsoriatic drug anthralin, 1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone, There are 28 ways of choosing two of the 8 possible hydrogens, but because of the four-fold symmetry of the 9,10-anth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isomer
In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formulae – that is, same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. Isomerism is existence or possibility of isomers. Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties. Two main forms of isomerism are structural or constitutional isomerism, in which ''bonds'' between the atoms differ; and stereoisomerism or spatial isomerism, in which the bonds are the same but the ''relative positions'' of the atoms differ. Isomeric relationships form a hierarchy. Two chemicals might be the same constitutional isomer, but upon deeper analysis be stereoisomers of each other. Two molecules that are the same stereoisomer as each other might be in different conformational forms or be different isotopologues. The depth of analysis depends on the field of study or the chemical and physical properties of interest. The English word "isomer" () is a back-for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrahydroxyanthraquinone
A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone, also called tetrahydroxyanthradione, is any of several isomeric organic compounds with formula , almost invariably derived from 9,10-anthraquinone by replacing four hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl groups. Only a few of these isomers are commercially significant.Hans-Samuel Bien, Josef Stawitz, Klaus Wunderlich “Anthraquinone Dyes and Intermediates” Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. These are quinalizarin, 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone (quinalizarin), 1,4,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone (Alizarine Bordeaux).Hugh Alister McGuigan (1921), ''An introduction to chemical pharmacology; pharmacodynamics in relation to chemistry''. P. Blakiston's son, PhiladelphiaOnline versionat archive.org, accessed on 2010-01-30. See also *Hydroxyanthraquinone *Tetrahydroxybenzoquinone *Tetrahydroxynaphthoquinone References See also *Wahl, Andre; Atack, F. W (1919) ''The Manufacture Of Organic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroxyanthraquinone
A hydroxyanthraquinone (formula: C14H9O2(OH)) is any of several organic compounds that can be viewed as derivatives of an anthraquinone through replacement of one hydrogen atom (H) by a hydroxyl group (-OH). The IUPAC nomenclature recommends hydroxyanthracenedione. Usually "hydroxyanthraquinone" refers to a derivative of 9,10-anthraquinone. Quoted by Khalafy and Bruce. Quoted by Khalafy and Bruce. Isomers In general, the term may mean any anthraquinone derivative where any number ''n'' of hydrogens have been replaced by ''n'' hydroxyls, so that the formula is . In this case, the number ''n'' (which is between 1 and 8) is indicated by a multiplier prefix A prefix is an affix which is placed before the Word stem, stem of a word. Adding it to the beginning of one word changes it into another word. For example, when the prefix ''un-'' is added to the word ''happy'', it creates the word ''unhappy'' ... (mono-, di-, tri-, up to octa-). Additional hydroxy- compounds can be derived f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
