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Treznea Massacre
The Treznea massacre occurred in the village of Treznea, Sălaj in north-western Transylvania on 9 September 1940, in the immediate aftermath of the Second Vienna Award, when Romania ceded Northern Transylvania to Hungary. The massacre was perpretated by Hungarian Army troops with aid from some locals; 93 ethnic Romanians and Jews were killed. The events On that day, instigated by the former landlord Francisc (or Ferenc) Bay, the 22nd Hungarian Border Guards Battalion "Debrecen", led by Lieutenant-Colonel Ákosy, made a detour from the Zalău– Ciumărna– Hida route to the "Măgura" area of the commune, which formerly belonged to Francisc Bay. The Hungarian troops entered the village at noon, under unclear circumstances fired at the locals, killing many of them and partially destroying the Orthodox church. The sources recorded that 87 Romanians and 6 Jews were killed, including the local Orthodox priest, Traian Costea, who was burned in his church, and the Romanian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treznea
Treznea ( hu, Ördögkút, lit. "The Devil's Fountain"; german: Teufelsbrunnen) is a commune in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Bozna (''Szentpéterfalva'') and Treznea. These were part of Agrij Commune until 1995, when they were split off to form a separate commune. History It is the site of the Treznea massacre, which occurred on September 9, 1940, during the handing over of Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary, pursuant to the Second Vienna Award. Population * 973 Romanians (94.09%) * 59 Romani (5.72%) * 2 Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ... (0.19%) Sights * Wooden Church in Bozna, built in the 18th century, historic monument * Bay Castle in Treznea, built in the 19th century, historic monument [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zalău
Zalău (, unofficial and former official name: ro, Zălau (; german: Zillenmarkt or , hu, Zilah, tr, Zile) is the seat of Sălaj County, Romania. In 2011, its estimated population was 56,202. History Ancient times Zalău is situated in the area inhabited by "Free Dacians", away from the historical landmark of Porolissum, a well-preserved Roman Castrum with an imposing fortress, an amphitheater, temples, houses and a customs house in the ancient Roman province of Dacia. Zalău was the crossing point between Central Europe and Transylvania, along the so-called "Salt Route". Archaeological discoveries revealed evidence of human existence in this area since the Neolithic, approx. 6500 years ago. Dacian coins found in archaeological perimeters of the city central area and on the Valea Mâții, west of the city, plus important items belonging to Roman culture, are evidence of free Dacian continuity in this area and of developing economic relations with the Roman ancient city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacres In 1940
A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when perpetrated by a group of political actors against defenseless victims. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". A "massacre" is not necessarily a "crime against humanity". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing. Etymology The modern definition of ''massacre'' as "indiscriminate slaughter, carnage", and the subsequent verb of this form, derive from late 16th century Middle French, evolved from Middle French ''"macacre, macecle"'' meaning "slaughterhouse, butchery". Further origins are dubious, though may be related to Latin ''macellum'' "provisions store, butcher shop". The Middle French word ''macecr'' "butchery, carnage" is first reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sărmașu Massacre
Sărmașu massacre refers to the torture and massacre of 165 people, primarily Jews, committed by Hungarian paramilitaries in Sărmașu, Cluj-Turda County. After Romania left the Axis Powers and joined the Allies during World War II, between 5 September and 10 October 1944, Sărmașu came under the occupation of the Nazi-aligned Hungarian troops. During this period, Hungarian gendarmes and members of the Hungarian National Guard, led by captain of gendarmes Lánczos László, killed 126 local Jews (out of 142 who were living in the city at the time), as well as 39 Romanians, the latter primarily prisoners of war captured in the battles on the alignment of Oarba de Mureș–Luduș– Gheja– Chețani, during the Battle of Turda. The massacre Hungarian population in the area, who supported the cause of Hungary, in the desire to regain the whole of Transylvania, started, along with the Hungarian Guard, to loot houses of Jews and Romanians. On 9 September 1944, a team of Hunga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nușfalău Massacre
The Nușfalău massacre occurred in the village of Szilágynagyfalu (today Nușfalău, Sălaj County, Romania) in Northern Transylvania. It happened on 8 September 1940, when a Hungarian soldier with the support of some natives tortured and killed eleven people (two women and nine men) of Romanian ethnicity from a nearby village, who were passing through the area. Background At the Second Vienna Award of 30 August 1940, as a result of German– Italian arbitration, Romania was forced to cede to Hungary the northwestern part of Transylvania, which included Sălaj County, as well as the Székely Land. Under the terms of the award, Romania had 14 days to evacuate those territories and hand them over to Hungary, but Hungarian troops came across the border earlier, on 5 September. On 7 September, the Hungarian Second Army arrived at Șimleu Silvaniei and Ip, and on 8 September at Zalău, the seat of Sălaj County. Massacre On the morning of 8 September 1940, a group of el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ip Massacre
The events of the Ip massacre escalated in the early hours of 14 September 1940, in Ipp, (today Ip, Sălaj County), Northern Transylvania. After two Hungarian soldiers died there in an accidental explosion, rumors spread that they had been killed by Romanians. After another incident the Royal Hungarian Army, influenced by the rumor, indiscriminately massacred around 150 ethnic Romanians in the nearby locations and surrounding areas. Events After the Second Vienna Award of 30 August 1940, as a result of German–Italian arbitration, northwestern Transylvania reverted to Hungary. The area ceded by Romania contained the northwestern part of the homonymous region and the Székely lands. A total of eight of the 23 Transylvanian counties that had been part of Romania during the interwar period were entirely alienated, and another three were split. Thus, Sălaj County was also attached to Hungary. On 7 September 1940 the Hungarian Second Army arrived at Ipp (present-day Ip) where t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Massacres In Romania
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in the territory of present-day Romania (numbers may be approximate): See also * 1848–1849 massacres in Transylvania * References {{Europe topic, List of massacres in Lists of massacres by country, Romania Romania history-related lists, Massacres Massacres in Romania, * Lists of events in Romania, Massacres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trial In Absentia
Trial in absentia is a criminal proceeding in a court of law in which the person who is subject to it is not physically present at those proceedings. is Latin for "in (the) absence". Its meaning varies by jurisdiction and legal system. In common law legal systems, the phrase is more than a spatial description. In these systems, it suggests a recognition of a violation to a defendant's right to be present in court proceedings in a criminal trial. Conviction in a trial in which a defendant is not present to answer the charges is held to be a violation of natural justice. Specifically, it violates the second principle of natural justice, (hear the other party). In some civil law legal systems, such as that of Italy, is a recognized and accepted defensive strategy. Such trials may require the presence of the defendant's lawyer, depending on the country. Europe Member states of the Council of Europe that are party to the European Convention on Human Rights are bound to adhe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian People's Tribunals
The two Romanian People's Tribunals ( ro, Tribunalele Poporului), the Bucharest People's Tribunal and the Northern Transylvania People's Tribunal (which sat in Cluj) were set up by the post-World War II government of Romania, overseen by the Allied Control Commission to try suspected war criminals, in line with Article 14 of the Armistice Agreement with Romania which said: "The Romanian Government and High Command undertake to collaborate with the Allied (Soviet) High Command in the apprehension and trial of persons accused of war crimes". References RICHR: Ch.12 - Trials of the war criminals, page 5 in Avalon Project at |
Cluj-Napoca
; hu, kincses város) , official_name=Cluj-Napoca , native_name= , image_skyline= , subdivision_type1 = Counties of Romania, County , subdivision_name1 = Cluj County , subdivision_type2 = Subdivisions of Romania, Status , subdivision_name2 = County seat , settlement_type = Municipiu, City , leader_title = Mayor , leader_name = Emil Boc , leader_party = National Liberal Party (Romania), PNL , leader_title1 = Deputy Mayor , leader_name1 = Dan Tarcea (PNL) , leader_title2 = Deputy Mayor , leader_name2 = Emese Oláh (Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania, UDMR) , leader_title3 = City Manager , leader_name3 = Gheorghe Șurubaru (PNL) , established_title= Founded , established_date = 1213 (first official record as ''Clus'') , area_total_km2 = 179.5 , area_total_sq_mi = 69.3 , area_metro_km2 = 1537.5 , elevation_m = 340 , population_as_of = 2011 Romanian census, 2011 , population_total = 324,576 , population_foot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacre
A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when perpetrated by a group of political actors against defenseless victims. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". A "massacre" is not necessarily a "crime against humanity". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing. Etymology The modern definition of ''massacre'' as "indiscriminate slaughter, carnage", and the subsequent verb of this form, derive from late 16th century Middle French, evolved from Middle French ''"macacre, macecle"'' meaning "slaughterhouse, butchery". Further origins are dubious, though may be related to Latin ''macellum'' "provisions store, butcher shop". The Middle French word ''macecr'' "butchery, carnage" is first reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adevărul
''Adevărul'' (; meaning "The Truth", formerly spelled ''Adevĕrul'') is a Romanian daily newspaper, based in Bucharest. Founded in Iași, in 1871, and reestablished in 1888, in Bucharest, it was the main left-wing press venue to be published during the Romanian Kingdom's existence, adopting an independent pro- democratic position, advocating land reform, and demanding universal suffrage. Under its successive editors Alexandru Beldiman and Constantin Mille, it became noted for its virulent criticism of King Carol I. This stance developed into a republican and socialist agenda, which made ''Adevărul'' clash with the Kingdom's authorities on several occasions. As innovative publications which set up several local and international records during the early 20th century, ''Adevărul'' and its sister daily ''Dimineața'' competed for the top position with the right-wing '' Universul'' before and throughout the interwar period. In 1920, ''Adevărul'' also began publishing its presti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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