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Translation Criticism
Translation criticism is the systematic study, evaluation, and interpretation of different aspects of translated works. It is an interdisciplinary academic field closely related to literary criticism and translation theory. It includes marking of student translations, and reviews of published translations. Concept The concept itself of "translation criticism" has the following meanings: # Quality assessment of the target text, especially of its semantic and pragmatic equivalence regarding the source text. # Assessment of the proceeding followed by the translator in order to translate the text. # Part of translation science dealing basically with: * nature and aims of translation criticism, * considering the problems of translation criticism, * defining valid criteria and proceedings for criticizing translation regarding its aims. Translation criticism falls within the field of Translation Studies and some view it as less "scholarly" than the pure branch of this discipline. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evaluation
Evaluation is a systematic determination and assessment of a subject's merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards. It can assist an organization, program, design, project or any other intervention or initiative to assess any aim, realisable concept/proposal, or any alternative, to help in decision-making; or to ascertain the degree of achievement or value in regard to the aim and objectives and results of any such action that has been completed. The primary purpose of evaluation, in addition to gaining insight into prior or existing initiatives, is to enable reflection and assist in the identification of future change. Evaluation is often used to characterize and appraise subjects of interest in a wide range of human enterprises, including the arts, criminal justice, foundations, non-profit organizations, government, health care, and other human services. It is long term and done at the end of a period of time. Definition Evaluation is the st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Studies
Cultural studies is an interdisciplinary field that examines the political dynamics of contemporary culture (including popular culture) and its historical foundations. Cultural studies researchers generally investigate how cultural practices relate to wider systems of power associated with, or operating through, social phenomena. These include ideology, class structures, national formations, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, and generation. Employing cultural analysis, cultural studies views cultures not as fixed, bounded, stable, and discrete entities, but rather as constantly interacting and changing sets of practices and processes. The field of cultural studies encompasses a range of theoretical and methodological perspectives and practices. Although distinct from the discipline of cultural anthropology and the interdisciplinary field of ethnic studies, cultural studies draws upon and has contributed to each of these fields. Cultural studies was initially developed by B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katharina Reiss
Katharina Reiss (17 April 1923 – 16 April 2018) was a German linguist and translation scholar. Her works are important in the field of translation studies. She is widely seen as a co-founder of the Skopos theory. Life Katharina Reiss was born in Rheinhausen, a small town on the left bank of the Rhine, and across the river from Duisburg into which, for administrative purposes, it has subsequently been subsumed. She passed her school finals exam (''"Abitur"'' - loosely translated in English language sources as ''"diploma"'') in 1940 and went on to study between 1941 and 1944 at the Institute of Simultaneous Translation (''"Dolmetscher-Institut"'') of Heidelberg University, where she received her first degree as a "professional translator". She taught at the institute's Spanish department between 1944 and 1970. She combined her teaching work, between 1951 and 1954, with the study of Philology, receiving her doctorate in 1954 for a piece of work on the Spanish author-journalist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Newmark
Peter Newmark (12 April 1916 – 9 July 2011) was an English professor of translation at the University of Surrey. Biography Newmark was born on 12 April 1916 in Brno in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire, now the Czech Republic. He was one of the main figures in the founding of Translation Studies in the English-speaking world in twentieth century. He was also very influential in the Spanish-speaking world. He is widely read through a series of accessible and occasionally polemical works: ''A Textbook of Translation'' (1988), ''Paragraphs on Translation'' (1989), ''About Translation'' (1991), ''More Paragraphs on Translation'' (1998). He was associated with the founding and development of the Centre for Translation Studies at Surrey. He was chair of the editorial board of ''The'' ''Journal of Specialised Translation''. He also wrote "Translation Now" bimonthly for ''The Linguist'' and was an Editorial Board Member of the Institute of Linguists. Newmark died on 9 July 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valentín García Yebra
Valentín García Yebra (Lombillo de Los Barrios, Ponferrada, León, 28 April 1917 – Madrid, 13 December 2010), was a Spanish philologist, translator and translation scholar. Biography He studied Arts at Madrid where he graduated in Classical Philology (1944), then he got his doctoral degree with his thesis ''Las traducciones latinas de la metafísica de Aristóteles''. After a long career as professor and scholar, in 1974 he boosted the creation of a Translation Institute at the Universidad Complutense, where he delivered lectures in Translation Theory. During his career he was awarded several prizes, including the Spanish National Translation Award in 1998. From 1984 until his death he was a member of the Real Academia Española. In 1997 he joined the Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española. Honors * Premio Nacional a la Obra de un Traductor (1998) * Premio Nacional de Periodismo "Miguel Delibes" (2004) for his article "Desajustes gramaticales", published in ABC on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Françoise Massardier-Kenney
Françoise Massardier-Kenney is a translator and translation scholar. She is the Director of the Institute for Applied Linguistics and Professor of Modern and Classical Language Studies at Kent State University. Her scholarly work includes serving as the general editor of the American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series and co-editor in chief of ''George Sand Studies''. She has translated Antoine Berman's '' Pour une critique des traductions: John Donne'' into English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ... with the title ''Toward a Translation Criticism: John Donne''. This work is influential in the field of translation criticism. References External linksFrançoise Massardier-Kenney at Traductomania Kent State University alumni American translato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Untranslatability
Untranslatability is the property of text or speech for which no equivalent can be found when translated into another language. A text that is considered to be untranslatable is considered a ''lacuna'', or lexical gap. The term arises when describing the difficulty of achieving the so-called perfect translation. It is based on the notion that there are certain concepts and words that are so interrelated that an accurate translation becomes an impossible task. Some writers have suggested that language carries sacred notions or is intrinsic to national identity. Brian James Baer posits that untranslatability is sometimes seen by nations as proof of the national genius. He quotes Alexandra Jaffe: "When translators talk about untranslatable, they often reinforce the notion that each language has its own 'genius', an 'essence' that naturally sets it apart from all other languages and reflects something of the 'soul' of its culture or people". A translator, however, can resort to vario ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Translation Project
A translation project is a project that deals with the activity of translating. From a technical point of view, a translation project is closely related to the project management of the translation process. But, from an intercultural point of view, a translation project is much more complex; this becomes evident, for instance, when considering Bible translation or other literary translation projects. Translation scholars such as Antoine Berman defend the views that every translator shall develop their own translation project, adhere to it and, later, develop translation criticism. Every translator can only be faithful to their own translation project. See also *Cultural translation *Skopos theory *Translation *Translation studies * Translation criticism *Literary translation *Untranslatability Untranslatability is the property of text or speech for which no equivalent can be found when translated into another language. A text that is considered to be untranslatable is consi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Translation
Translation is the communication of the Meaning (linguistic), meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The English language draws a terminology, terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between ''translating'' (a written text) and ''Language interpretation, interpreting'' (oral or Sign language, signed communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community. A translator always risks inadvertently introducing source-language words, grammar, or syntax into the target-language rendering. On the other hand, such "spill-overs" have sometimes imported useful source-language calques and loanwords that have enriched target languages. Translators, including early translators of sacred texts, have helped shape the very l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Literary Translation
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between ''translating'' (a written text) and ''interpreting'' (oral or signed communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community. A translator always risks inadvertently introducing source-language words, grammar, or syntax into the target-language rendering. On the other hand, such "spill-overs" have sometimes imported useful source-language calques and loanwords that have enriched target languages. Translators, including early translators of sacred texts, have helped shape the very languages into which they have translated. Because of the laboriousness of the translation process, since the 1940s efforts have been made, with varying degrees ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Literary Criticism
Literary criticism (or literary studies) is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often influenced by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of literature's goals and methods. Though the two activities are closely related, literary critics are not always, and have not always been, theorists. Whether or not literary criticism should be considered a separate field of inquiry from literary theory is a matter of some controversy. For example, the ''Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism'' draws no distinction between literary theory and literary criticism, and almost always uses the terms together to describe the same concept. Some critics consider literary criticism a practical application of literary theory, because criticism always deals directly with particular literary works, while theory may be more general or abstract. Literary criticism is often published in essay or book form. Academic literary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Translation
Cultural translation is the practice of translation while respecting and showing cultural differences. This kind of translation solves some issues linked to culture, such as dialects, food or architecture. The main issues that cultural translation must solve consist of translating a text as showing the cultural differences of that text while also respecting the source culture as well. Translation of cultures Cultural translation is studied through cultural anthropology, a field of anthropology focused on cultural issues among humans. This discipline questions translation through cultural differences. Indeed, translation studies are not only based on language issues, but also on cultural contexts between people. An anthropological translator of cultures needs to deal with the issues between the source and the target language, that is to say he must respect at the same time the cultural source of point of view and the target culture. Wilhelm von Humboldt shared this opinion of tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
