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Toyooka, Nagano
is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. , the village had an estimated population of 6,704 in 2156 households, and a population density of 87 persons per km². The total area of the village is . Geography Toyooka is located in the Ina Valley in mountainous southern of Nagano Prefecture. The Tenryū River runs through the village. Surrounding municipalities *Nagano Prefecture ** IIda ** Matsukawa ** Takamori ** Ōshika ** Takagi Climate The town has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cold winters (Köppen climate classification ''Cfa''). The average annual temperature in Toyooka is 10.4 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1746 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 22.7 °C, and lowest in January, at around -1.6 °C. Demographics Per Japanese census data, the population of Toyooka has decreased gradually over the past 70 years. History The area of present-day ...
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Villages Of Japan
A is a local administrative unit in Japan. It is a local public body along with , , and . Geographically, a village's extent is contained within a prefecture. It is larger than an actual settlement, being in actuality a subdivision of a rural , which are subdivided into towns and villages with no overlap and no uncovered area. As a result of mergers and elevation to higher statuses, the number of villages in Japan is decreasing. Currently, 13 prefectures no longer have any villages: Tochigi (since March 20, 2006), Fukui (since March 3, 2006), Ishikawa (since March 1, 2005), Shizuoka (since July 1, 2005), Hyōgo (since April 1, 1999), Mie (since November 1, 2005), Shiga (since January 1, 2005), Hiroshima (since November 5, 2004), Yamaguchi (since March 20, 2006), Ehime (since January 16, 2005), Kagawa (since April 1, 1999), Nagasaki (since October 1, 2005), and Saga (since March 20, 2006). The six villages in the Northern Territories dispute and Atarashiki-mura (w ...
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Population Density
Population density (in agriculture: Stock (other), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.Matt RosenberPopulation Density Geography.about.com. March 2, 2011. Retrieved on December 10, 2011. In simple terms, population density refers to the number of people living in an area per square kilometre, or other unit of land area. Biological population densities Population density is population divided by total land area, sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are * Increased problems with locating sexual mates * Increased inbreeding Human densities Population density is the number of people pe ...
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Matsutake
, ''Tricholoma matsutake'', is a species of choice edible mycorrhizal mushroom that grows in East Asia, Europe, and North America. It is prized in Japanese cuisine for its distinct spicy-aromatic odor. Etymology The common name and specific epitaph, ''matsutake'', in use since the late 19th century, derives from Japanese ''matsu'' (pine tree) and ''take'' (mushroom). Habitat and distribution Matsutake mushrooms grow in East Asia, Southeast Asia (Bhutan and Laos), parts of Europe such as Estonia, Finland, Norway, Poland, Sweden, and along the Pacific coasts of Canada and the United States. Matsutake mushrooms grow under trees and are usually concealed under litter on the forest floor, forming a symbiotic relationship with roots of various tree species. In Korea and Japan, matsutake mushrooms are most commonly associated with ''Pinus densiflora''. Similar species In Japan, several closely related species have been found, including '' Tricholoma bakamatsutake'' (''baka-ma ...
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Kofun Period
The is an era in the history of Japan from about 300 to 538 AD (the date of the introduction of Buddhism), following the Yayoi period. The Kofun and the subsequent Asuka periods are sometimes collectively called the Yamato period. This period is the earliest era of recorded history in Japan, but studies depend heavily on archaeology since the chronology of historical sources tends to be distorted. The word ''kofun'' is Japanese for the type of tumulus, burial mound dating from this era. It was a period of cultural import. Continuing from the Yayoi period, the Kofun period is characterized by influence from China and the Korean Peninsula; archaeologists consider it a shared culture across the southern Korean Peninsula, Kyūshū and Honshū. On the other hand, the most prosperous keyhole-shaped burial mounds in Japan during this period were approximately 5,000 in Japan from the middle of the 3rd century in the Yayoi period to the 7th century in the Asuka period, and many of them ha ...
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Japanese Paleolithic
The is the period of human inhabitation in Japan predating the development of pottery, generally before 10,000 BC. The starting dates commonly given to this period are from around 40,000 BC; although any date of human presence before 35,000 BC is controversial, with artifacts supporting a pre-35,000 BC human presence on the archipelago being of questionable authenticity.
Charles T. Keally
The period extended to the beginning of the Mesolithic , or around 14,000 BC. The earliest human bones were discovered in the city of in



Shinano Province
or is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture. Shinano bordered on Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, which became an important city of the province. The World War II–era Japanese aircraft carrier ''Shinano'' was named after this old province. Historical record In 713, the road that traverses Mino and Shinano provinces was widened to accommodate increasing numbers of travelers through the Kiso District of modern Nagano Prefecture. In the Sengoku period, Shinano Province was often split among fiefs and castle towns developed, including Komoro, Ina, and Ueda. Shinano was one of the major centers of Takeda Shingen's power during his wars with Uesugi Kenshin and others. Suwa taisha was designated as the chief Shinto shrine (''ichinomiya'') for the province.
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Köppen Climate Classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notably in 1918 and 1936. Later, the climatologist Rudolf Geiger (1894–1981) introduced some changes to the classification system, which is thus sometimes called the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system. The Köppen climate classification divides climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on seasonal precipitation and temperature patterns. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (temperate), ''D'' (continental), and ''E'' (polar). Each group and subgroup is represented by a letter. All climates are assigned a main group (the first letter). All climates except for those in the ''E'' group are assigned a seasonal precipitation subgroup (the second letter). For example, ''Af'' indi ...
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Takagi, Nagano
is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. , the village had an estimated population of 6,117 in 2022 households, and a population density of 92 persons per km². The total area of the village is . Geography Takagi is located in the Ina Valley mountainous southern of Nagano Prefecture, on a river terrace formed by the Tenryū River, which flows through the village. Surrounding municipalities *Nagano Prefecture ** IIda ** Takamori ** Toyooka Climate The town has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cold winters (Köppen climate classification ''Cfa''). The average annual temperature in Takagi is 11.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1717 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.0 °C, and lowest in January, at around -0.0 °C. Demographics Per Japanese census data, the population of Takagi has declined slightly in recent decades. History The area of present-day ...
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Ōshika, Nagano
is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. , the village had an estimated population of 977, and a population density of 3.9 persons per km². The total area of the village is . Ōshika is listed as one of The Most Beautiful Villages in Japan. Geography Ōshika is located mountainous southern of Nagano Prefecture, between the Ina Mountains and the Akaishi Mountains, with the Japan Median Tectonic Line passing through the southern portion of the village. Surrounding municipalities * Nagano Prefecture ** Ina ** Komagane ** Iida ** Iijima ** Nakagawa ** Matsukawa ** Toyooka * Shizuoka Prefecture ** Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Demographics Per Japanese census data, the population of Ōshika has declined rapidly over the past 50 years. Climate The village has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cold winters (Köppen climate classification ''Cfa''). The average annual temperature in Ōshika is 10.5 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1655 m ...
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Takamori, Nagano
is a town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 13.067 in 4427 households, and a population density of 290 persons per km2. The total area of the town is . Geography Takamori is in the mountainous south of Nagano Prefecture, in a valley formed by the Tenryu River between the Kiso Mountains and the Akaishi Mountains Surrounding municipalities *Nagano Prefecture ** Iida ** Matsukawa ** Toyooka ** Takagi Climate The town has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cold winters (Köppen climate classification ''Cfa''). The average annual temperature in Takamori is 13.2 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1628 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.5 °C, and lowest in January, at around 1.3 °C. Demographics Per Japanese census data, the population of Takamori has recently plateaued after several decades of growth. History The area of pr ...
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Matsukawa, Nagano (Shimoina)
is a town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 13,043 in 4364 households, and a population density of 180 persons per km². The total area of the town is . Like many other small Southern Nagano villages, it is famous for its apples. Geography Located in the Ina Basin of mountainous southern Nagano Prefecture, Matsukawa is bordered to the west by the Kiso Mountains. The town stretches for 21 kilometers east-west, but is only 6 kilometers wide north-south. The Tenryū River passes through center of the town. Surrounding municipalities *Nagano Prefecture ** Iida ** Iijima ** Tenryū ** Nakagawa ** Takamori ** Toyooka ** Ōshika Climate The town has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cold winters (Köppen climate classification ''Cfa''). The average annual temperature in Matsukawa is 12.2 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1583 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on averag ...
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