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Todea
The fern genus ''Todea'' is known from only two living species. ''Todea barbara'' L., known as the king fern, is native to South Africa, New Zealand, and Australia while ''Todea papuana'' H. is known only from Papua New Guinea. Species in the genus ''Todea'', as ''Leptopteris'', are distinct from other in Osmundaceae in that sporangia are born on laminar pinnules. So far the fossil record of the genus ''Todea'' consists only of the permineralized rhizome ''Todea tidwellii'' from the Lower Cretaceous of Vancouver Island, Canada and the species ''Todea amissa'', known from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th .... References Bibliography * Nathan Jud, Gar W.Rothwell and Ruth A. Stockey. 2008. "''Todea'' from the Lower Cretaceous of west ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Todea Amissa
The fern genus ''Todea'' is known from only two living species. ''Todea barbara'' L., known as the king fern, is native to South Africa, New Zealand, and Australia while ''Todea papuana'' H. is known only from Papua New Guinea. Species in the genus ''Todea'', as ''Leptopteris'', are distinct from other in Osmundaceae in that sporangia are born on laminar pinnules. So far the fossil record of the genus ''Todea'' consists only of the permineralized rhizome ''Todea tidwellii'' from the Lower Cretaceous of Vancouver Island, Canada and the species ''Todea amissa'', known from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th .... References Bibliography * Nathan Jud, Gar W.Rothwell and Ruth A. Stockey. 2008. "''Todea'' from the Lower Cretaceous of west ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Todea Barbara
''Todea barbara'' is known as the king fern. Occurring in moist areas of south eastern Australia, and also indigenous to New Zealand and South Africa. Taxonomy Carl Linnaeus described the king fern in volume II of his '' Species Plantarum'' as ''Acrostichum barbarum'' in 1753, from Africa. Thomas Moore gave it its current name in 1857. Description The king fern grows up to tall, but has a short stumpy base. The fronds are up to long. Distribution and habitat The king fern grows alongside streams, in rainforest gullies and other wet spots in tall open forest. Occasionally it is found in drier sites in rock crevices among sandstone or granite cliffs or rockfaces. . In South Australia, the ''Todea barbara'' fern is increasingly rare, with small groups occurring in just a few disparate localities in the Mount Lofty Ranges. The largest remaining stand was in Uraidla on private property, on the upper reaches of "Deep Creek", a tributary to Sixth Creek in the Torrens Catchment. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osmundales
Osmundaceae (royal fern family) is a family of ferns containing four to six extant genera and 18–25 known species. It is the only living family of the order Osmundales in the class Polypodiopsida (ferns) or in some classifications the only order in the class Osmundopsida. This is an ancient (known from the Upper Permian) and fairly isolated group that is often known as the "flowering ferns" because of the striking aspect of the ripe sporangia in ''Claytosmunda'', ''Osmunda'', ''Osmundastrum'', and ''Plensium'' (subtribe Osmundinae). In these genera the sporangia are borne naked on non-laminar pinnules, while ''Todea'' and ''Leptopteris'' (subtribe Todinae) bear sporangia naked on laminar pinnules. Ferns in this family are larger than most other ferns. Description The stems of Osmundaceae contain vascular tissue arranged as an ectophloic siphonostele; that is, a ring of phloem occurs on the outside only of a ring of xylem, which surrounds pith (and no other vascular tissue). S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osmundaceae
Osmundaceae (royal fern family) is a family of ferns containing four to six extant genera and 18–25 known species. It is the only living family of the order Osmundales in the class Polypodiopsida (ferns) or in some classifications the only order in the class Osmundopsida. This is an ancient (known from the Upper Permian) and fairly isolated group that is often known as the "flowering ferns" because of the striking aspect of the ripe sporangia in ''Claytosmunda'', ''Osmunda'', ''Osmundastrum'', and ''Plensium'' (subtribe Osmundinae). In these genera the sporangia are borne naked on non-laminar pinnules, while ''Todea'' and ''Leptopteris'' (subtribe Todinae) bear sporangia naked on laminar pinnules. Ferns in this family are larger than most other ferns. Description The stems of Osmundaceae contain vascular tissue arranged as an ectophloic siphonostele; that is, a ring of phloem occurs on the outside only of a ring of xylem, which surrounds pith (and no other vascular tissue). S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Todea Tidwellii
''Todea tidwellii'' is an extinct species of fern in the genus ''Todea''. Fossils have been recovered from the Late Cretaceous of British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, .... References mendeley.com Osmundales Ferns of the Americas {{Polypodiidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptopteris
The fern genus ''Leptopteris'' is a small group of plants found growing in the Pacific Islands, New Guinea and Australia. They are similar to ferns in the related genus ''Todea'', and were originally included in that genus. However, the very thin fronds of ''Leptopteris'' differ from the thick leathery fronds of ''Todea The fern genus ''Todea'' is known from only two living species. ''Todea barbara'' L., known as the king fern, is native to South Africa, New Zealand, and Australia while ''Todea papuana'' H. is known only from Papua New Guinea. Species in the gen ...'', and the genera are considered distinct. A probable extinct species, ''Leptopteris estipularis'' is known from the Early Cretaceous of India. Species Species include: * '' L. alpina'' (Baker) C. Chr. * †'' L. estipularis'' (Sharma, Bohra & Singh) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin * '' L. fraseri'' (Hooker & Grev.) Presl (Crepe fern, Australia) * '' L. hymenophylloides'' (Richard) Presl (Single crepe fern) * '' L. x i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Todea Papuana
Todea papuana, the Papuan king fern is a species of fern known only from Papua-New Guinea. It is a rather large species up to 2 m (7 feet) tall, with sporangia A sporangium (; from Late Latin, ) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular. Virtually all plants, fungi, and many other lineages form sporangia at some point in their life cy ... borne on the leaves. References Osmundales Ferns of Australasia Flora of New Guinea Plants described in 1968 {{Polypodiidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fern
A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes except the lycopods, and differ from mosses and other bryophytes by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase. Ferns have complex leaves called megaphylls, that are more complex than the microphylls of clubmosses. Most ferns are leptosporangiate ferns. They produce coiled fiddleheads that uncoil and expand into fronds. The group includes about 10,560 known extant species. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (Polypodiidae) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter group including horsetails, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. Ferns first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia). Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The country is the world's third largest island country, with an area of . At the national level, after being ruled by three external powers since 1884, including nearly 60 years of Australian administration starting during World War I, Papua New Guinea established its sovereignty in 1975. It became an independent Commonwealth realm in 1975 with Elizabeth II as its queen. It also became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in its own right. There are 839 known languages of Papua New Guinea, one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sporangia
A sporangium (; from Late Latin, ) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular. Virtually all plants, fungi, and many other lineages form sporangia at some point in their life cycle. Sporangia can produce spores by mitosis, but in nearly all land plants and many fungi, sporangia are the site of meiosis and produce genetically distinct haploid spores. Fungi In some phyla of fungi, the sporangium plays a role in asexual reproduction, and may play an indirect role in sexual reproduction. The sporangium forms on the sporangiophore and contains haploid nuclei and cytoplasm. Spores are formed in the sporangiophore by encasing each haploid nucleus and cytoplasm in a tough outer membrane. During asexual reproduction, these spores are dispersed via wind and germinate into haploid hyphae. Although sexual reproduction in fungi varies between phyla, for some fungi the sporangium plays an indirect role in sexual reproducti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of the entire Phanerozoic. The name is derived from the Latin ''creta'', "chalk", which is abundant in the latter half of the period. It is usually abbreviated K, for its German translation ''Kreide''. The Cretaceous was a period with a relatively warm climate, resulting in high eustatic sea levels that created numerous shallow inland seas. These oceans and seas were populated with now- extinct marine reptiles, ammonites, and rudists, while dinosaurs continued to dominate on land. The world was ice free, and forests extended to the poles. During this time, new groups of mammals and birds appeared. During the Early Cretaceous, flowering plants appeared and began to rapidly diversify, becoming the dominant group of plants across the Earth b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
