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Tlacaelel
Tlacaelel I (1397 – 1487) ( nci, Tlācaēllel , "Man of Strong Emotions," from "tlācatl," person and "ēllelli," strong emotion) was the principal architect of the Aztec Triple Alliance and hence the Mexica (Aztec) empire. He was the son of Emperor Huitzilihuitl and Queen Cacamacihuatl, nephew of Emperor Itzcoatl, father of poet Macuilxochitzin, and brother of Emperors Chimalpopoca and Moctezuma I. During the reign of his uncle Itzcoatl, Tlacaelel was given the office of Tlacochcalcatl, but during the war against the Tepanecs in the late 1420s, he was promoted to first adviser to the ruler, a position called '' Cihuacoatl'' in Nahuatl, an office that Tlacaelel held during the reigns of four consecutive ''Tlatoque'', until his death in 1487. Tlacaelel recast or strengthened the concept of the Aztecs as a chosen people, elevated the tribal god/hero Huitzilopochtli to top of the pantheon of gods, and increased militarism. In tandem with this, Tlacaelel is said to have in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aztec Empire
The Aztec Empire or the Triple Alliance ( nci, Ēxcān Tlahtōlōyān, Help:IPA/Nahuatl, [ˈjéːʃkaːn̥ t͡ɬaʔtoːˈlóːjaːn̥]) was an alliance of three Nahua peoples, Nahua altepetl, city-states: , , and . These three city-states ruled that area in and around the Valley of Mexico from 1428 until the combined forces of the Spanish and their native allies who ruled under defeated them in 1521. The alliance was formed from the victorious factions of a civil war fought between the city of and its former tributary provinces. Despite the initial conception of the empire as an alliance of three self-governed city-states, the capital became dominant militarily. By the time the Spanish arrived in 1519, the lands of the alliance were effectively ruled from , while other partners of the alliance had taken subsidiary roles. The alliance waged wars of conquest and expanded after its formation. The alliance controlled most of central Mexico at its height, as well as some more di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aztec Triple Alliance
The Aztec Empire or the Triple Alliance ( nci, Ēxcān Tlahtōlōyān, jéːʃkaːn̥ t͡ɬaʔtoːˈlóːjaːn̥ was an alliance of three Nahua city-states: , , and . These three city-states ruled that area in and around the Valley of Mexico from 1428 until the combined forces of the Spanish and their native allies who ruled under defeated them in 1521. The alliance was formed from the victorious factions of a civil war fought between the city of and its former tributary provinces. Despite the initial conception of the empire as an alliance of three self-governed city-states, the capital became dominant militarily. By the time the Spanish arrived in 1519, the lands of the alliance were effectively ruled from , while other partners of the alliance had taken subsidiary roles. The alliance waged wars of conquest and expanded after its formation. The alliance controlled most of central Mexico at its height, as well as some more distant territories within Mesoamerica, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tlilpotoncatzin
Tlilpotonqui or Tlilpotoncatzin (died in the year 11 Reed/1503) was the second '' cihuacoatl'' ("president") of Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Tlilpotoncatzin was the second son of Tlacaelel Tlacaelel I (1397 – 1487) ( nci, Tlācaēllel , "Man of Strong Emotions," from "tlācatl," person and "ēllelli," strong emotion) was the principal architect of the Aztec Triple Alliance and hence the Mexica (Aztec) empire. He was the son ... and Maquiztzin. His father was a son of the second ''tlatoani'' ("ruler" or "king") of Tenochtitlan, Huitzilihuitl. While Tlacaelel never became ''tlatoani'' himself, as ''cihuacoatl'' he played a significant role in the creation of the Aztec Empire. His mother was the daughter of Huehue Quetzalmacatzin, king of Itztlacozauhcan in Amaquemecan Chalco (altépetl), Chalco. Tlilpotoncatzin succeeded his father as ''cihuacoatl'' upon his death in the year Aztec calendar, 8 Reed (1487). According to the ''Crónica mexicayotl'' of Fernando Alvarado Tezozomoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moctezuma I
Moctezuma I (–1469), also known as Moteuczomatzin Ilhuicamina (), Huehuemoteuczoma or Montezuma I ( nci, Motēuczōma Ilhuicamīna , nci, Huēhuemotēuczōma ), was the second Aztec emperor and fifth king of Tenochtitlan. During his reign, the Aztec Empire was consolidated, major expansion was undertaken, and Tenochtitlan started becoming the dominant partner of the Aztec Triple Alliance. Often mistaken for his popular descendant, Moctezuma II, Moctezuma I greatly contributed to the famed Aztec Empire that thrived until Spanish arrival, and he ruled over a period of peace from 1440 to 1453. Moctezuma brought social, economical, and political reform to strengthen Aztec rule, and Tenochititlan benefited from relations with other cities. Ancestry Moctezuma was the son of emperor Huitzilihuitl (meaning "Hummingbird Feather") and queen Miahuaxihuitl. He was a brother of Chimalpopoca, Tlacaelel I, and Huehue Zaca. He was the grandson of the first ruler of Tenochtitlan. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tlacochcalcatl
Tlacochcalcatl ( "The man from the house of darts") was an Aztec military title or rank; roughly equivalent to the modern title of field marshal. In Aztec warfare the ''tlacochcalcatl'' was second in command only to the ''tlatoani'' and he usually lead the Aztec army into battle when the ruler was otherwise occupied. Together with the ''tlacateccatl'' (general), he was in charge of the Aztec army and undertook all military decisions and planning once the ''tlatoani'' had decided to undertake a campaign. The ''tlacochcalcatl'' was also in charge of the ''tlacochcalco. Tlacochcalco'' ("in the house of darts") was the name of four armories placed at the four entries to the ceremonial precinct of the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan. These mains armories were stocked with new weapons every year (during the festival of Quecholli), and one account by the Spanish ''conquistador'' Andrés de Tapia estimates the number of weapons found in each of the four armories to be 500 cartloads") The ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cacamacihuatl
Cacamacihuatl was a Queen of Tenochtitlan as a wife of the King Huitzilihuitl. She was a mother of Prince Tlacaelel I (she bore him 1397 or 1398Mann, Charles C. (2005) ''1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus'', p. 118, ) and grandmother of Cacamatzin and Tlilpotoncatzin. Family See also *List of Tenochtitlan rulers *Ayauhcihuatl Ayauhcihuatl was a Queen of Tenochtitlan. Biography Ayauhcihuatl was born as a princess of Azcapotzalco. She was a daughter of King Tezozomoc and sister of Kings Aculnahuacatl Tzaqualcatl, Quaquapitzahuac, Epcoatl, Tzihuactlayahuallohuatzin ... Notes * External links {{end Tenochca nobility Queens of Tenochtitlan Nobility of the Americas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maquiztzin
Maquiztzin was the daughter of the Aztec Tlatoque (ruler) Huehue Quetzalmacatzin and Tlacocihuatzin Ilama, in 15th-century Mesoamerica. She married Tenochcan Tlacaelel and moved to Tenochtitlan with him. She had five children. Her eldest son was Cacamatzin. One of other children was the great warrior Tlilpotoncatzin Tlilpotonqui or Tlilpotoncatzin (died in the year 11 Reed/1503) was the second '' cihuacoatl'' ("president") of Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Tlilpotoncatzin was the second son of Tlacaelel Tlacaelel I (1397 – 1487) ( nci, Tlācaēllel , "Man o .... The last child was Princess Xiuhpopocatzin. It is unknown where she went. She was a grandmother of Tlacaelel II, and an ancestor of Leonor Moctezuma and María Moctezuma. Notes *{{cite book , author=Chimalpahin Cuauhtlehuanitzin, Domingo Francisco de San Antón Muñón , authorlink=Chimalpahin , year=1997 , chapter=Mexican History or Chronicle , title=Codex Chimalpahin: society and politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cacamatzin (tlacochcalcatl)
Cacamatzin was a 15th-century Aztec noble — the eldest son of the '' cihuacoatl'', Tlacaelel — and warrior who held the title of ''Tlacochcalcatl''. His mother was princess Maquiztzin.Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 48–49. He had twelve children, only three of whom are known:Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 140–141 *A female (name unknown), who married Nezahualpilli, the tlatoani of Texcoco. The pair had a son, named Cacamatzin after his grandfather, who succeeded his father as ruler of Texcoco. * Tlacaelel II, named after his grandfather, who also became '' cihuacoatl''.Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 54–55, 140–141. *Chicuey or Chicome Axochitzin, a warrior whose daughter became the mistress of Juan Rodríguez de Villafuerte, a Spanish conquistador. Cacamatzin was killed by the Purépecha The Purépecha (endonym pua, P'urhepecha ) are a group of indigenous people centered in the northwestern region of Michoacán, Mexico, mainly in the area of the cities of Cherán and Pátzcuaro. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macuilxochitzin
Macuilxochitzin (born c. 1435), also referred to in some texts as Macuilxochitl, was a poet (''cuicanitl'') during the peak years of the Aztec civilization. She was the daughter of Tlacaélael, a counselor to the Aztec kings and the niece of the Tlatoani warrior Axayacatl. She lived through the height of the Aztec civilization's expansion. Her life and works are an example of gender parallelism in pre-Hispanic Mexico, where women were given the same opportunities enjoyed by men. Life There is little information about the life of Macuilxochitzin. The poet was born about 1435 to a prominent family of Aztec nobility through her father Tlacaélael, who was a famous politician and served as adviser to the Tlatoanis. She was also the daughter (or the second in command) to the powerful female figure called Cihuacoatl (Woman Snake). She had twelve siblings, each born to a different mother. Tlacaélael may also have adopted her from a tribe called Chichimeca after it was destroyed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cihuacoatl (position)
The cihuacoatl ( nci-IPA, cihuācōātl, siwaːˈkoːaːtɬ, for "female twin"), was a supreme leader under the Tlatoani (Aztec emperor), or an esteemed advisor, within the Aztec Empire system of government. Officeholders * Tlacaelel (1420s–1487); office created for him * Tlilpotoncatzin (1487–1503) * Tlacaelel II (1503–1520) * Matlatzincatzin (1520) * Tlacotzin (1520–1525); final officeholder In popular culture The position features in four historical novels by Simon Levack. See also *Class in Aztec society Aztec society was traditionally divided into social classes. They became sophisticated once the Mexica people settled and began to build the Aztec Empire. The class structure was so elaborate that it impressed the Spanish almost as much as Aztec ... Aztec society Heads of state in North America {{Gov-job-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimalpopoca
Chimalpopoca ( nci-IPA, Chīmalpopōca, t͡ʃiːmaɬpoˈpoːka for "smoking shield," ) or Chīmalpopōcatzin (1397–1427) was the third Emperor of Tenochtitlan (1417–1427). Biography Chimalpopoca was born to the Emperor Huitzilihuitl and Queen Ayauhcihuatl. Rule On the day of Chimalpopoca's coronation in 1417 (some sources say 1416 or 1418), his brother Tlacaelel I was named high priest. From this point on the ecclesiastical and governmental offices among the Aztecs were separate. When he assumed the throne at age 20, Tenochtitlan was a tributary of the Tepanec city of Azcapotzalco, which was ruled by his grandfather Tezozomoc. This alliance, and the Mexicas' position within it, was strengthened by Tenochtitlan's loyalty during Tezozomoc's 1418 war with Ixtlilxochitl I of Texcoco. The conquered city was granted to Tenochtitlan as a tributary. Nezahualcoyotl, displaced prince of Texcoco, was living in the mountains. Chimalpopoca interceded with Tezozomoc on his behalf, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Velasco Piña
Antonio Velasco Piña (8 September 1935 – 27 December 2020) was a Mexican novelist, spiritual writer and essayist. He was the founder of ''La Nueva Mexicanidad'', a group advocating the ''Mexicanism'' or ''Mexicanista'' (Mexicayotl) movement purportedly based on Aztec religion and Aztec Superiority over all other indigenous tribes. The movement is partly inspired by the writings of French anthropologist Laurette Séjourné who specialized on Aztec and Mesoamerican spirituality. ''El círculo negro'' (2006) presents a conspiracy theory according to which Mexico during the mid 20th century was governed by a secret society called "the black circle" or the descendants of The Aztec Triple Alliance Elite which assassinated Mexican presidents who sought reelection. Rewriting history and propagandizing Aztec Culture over all Mexicanos and American Chicanos. Bibliography * ''Anibal y Escipion'' (2013) * ''El retorno de las Águilas y los Jaguares'' (2012) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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