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Tiniguan Languages
The Tiniwan languages are two extinct and one moribund language of Colombia that form a small family. Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with Andaqui. Languages The Tiniwan languages are: * Tinigua (Tiniwa) * Pamigua (Pamiwa) †* Majigua †Nothing is known about Majigua (Campbell 2012). It was once spoken on the Ariari River in the Meta region of Colombia. Classification Though data on Pamigua is extremely limited, the relationship seems to be fairly close: Tinigua ''manaxaÃ'' 'walk!', Pamigua ''menáxa'' 'let's go!'. Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Tinigua and Pamigua. References Language families {{na-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east and northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Ecuador and Peru to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest. Colombia is divided into 32 departments and the Capital District of Bogotá, the country's largest city. It covers an area of 1,141,748 square kilometers (440,831 sq mi), and has a population of 52 million. Colombia's cultural heritage—including language, religion, cuisine, and art—reflects its history as a Spanish colony, fusing cultural elements brought by immigration from Europe and the Middle East, with those brought by enslaved Africans, as well as with those of the various Amerindian civilizations that predate colonization. Spanish is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Family
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ''ancestral language'' or ''parental language'', called the proto-language of that family. The term "family" reflects the tree model of language origination in historical linguistics, which makes use of a metaphor comparing languages to people in a biological family tree, or in a subsequent modification, to species in a phylogenetic tree of evolutionary taxonomy. Linguists therefore describe the ''daughter languages'' within a language family as being ''genetically related''. According to '' Ethnologue'' there are 7,151 living human languages distributed in 142 different language families. A living language is defined as one that is the first language of at least one person. The language families with the most speakers are: the Indo-European family, with many widely spoken languages native to Europe (such as English and Spanish) and South Asia (such as Hindi and Bengali); and the Sino-Tibetan famil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct Language
An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, especially if the language has no living descendants. In contrast, a dead language is one that is no longer the native language of any community, even if it is still in use, like Latin. A dormant language is a dead language that still serves as a symbol of ethnic identity to a particular group. These languages are often undergoing a process of revitalisation. Languages that currently have living native speakers are sometimes called modern languages to contrast them with dead languages, especially in educational contexts. In the modern period, languages have typically become extinct as a result of the process of cultural assimilation leading to language shift, and the gradual abandonment of a native language in favour of a foreign ''lingua franca'', largely those of European countries. As of the 2000s, a total of roughly 7,000 natively spoken languages existed worldwide. Most of these are minor languages in dang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andaqui Language
Andaqui (or Andaki) is an extinct language from the southern highlands of Colombia. It has been linked to the Paezan languages, Paezan or Barbacoan languages, but no connections have been demonstrated. It was spoken by the Andaqui people of Colombia. Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with Paez language, Paez, Chibcha languages, Chibcha (also proposed by Rivet 1924Rivet, Paul. 1924. La langue AndakÃ. ''Journal de la Société des Américanistes'', 16:99-110.), and Tinigua-Pamigua languages, Tinigua-Pamigua due to contact. Varieties Other unattested varieties possibly related to Andaqui that are listed by ÄŒestmÃr Loukotka, Loukotka (1968): *Timaná - once spoken on the Magdalena River and Guarapas River around the city of Timaná. *Yalcon / Cambi - once spoken between the Magdalena River and RÃo de la Plata, La Plata River. Vocabulary ÄŒestmÃr Loukotka, Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items. : See also *Macro-P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tinigua Language
Tinigua (''Tiniguas'') is an endangered language isolate spoken in Colombia which used to form a small language family with the now extinct Pamigua language. As of 2000, Tinigua had only two remaining speakers, Sixto Muñoz and his brother, Criterio. Criterio died some time around 2005, leaving only one speaker of Tinigua. They lived in Meta Department Meta () is a department of Colombia. It is close to the geographic center of the country, to the east of the Andean mountains. A large portion of the department, which is also crossed by the Meta River, is covered by a grassland plain known a ..., between the Upper Guayabero and Yari rivers. Muñoz also speaks Spanish and is thought to have been born somewhere from 1924-1929. He has five children, but he chose not to teach them Tinigua because they would not have any use for it. References Further reading * * Tiniguan languages Language isolates of South America Endangered language isolates {{indigenousAme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamigua Language
Pamigua (sometimes called Pamiwa) is an extinct language of Colombia, related to Tinigua. It was spoken at the mission of San Concepción de Arauca in Colombia. References Tiniguan languages Extinct languages of South America {{na-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ÄŒestmÃr Loukotka
ÄŒestmÃr Loukotka (12 November 1895 – 13 April 1966) was a Czechoslovak linguist. His daughter was Jarmila Loukotková. Career Loukotka proposed a Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas#Loukotka (1968), classification for the languages of South America based on several previous works. This classification contained a lot of unpublished material and was therefore superior to all previous classifications. He divided the languages of South America and the Caribbean into 77 different families, based upon similarities of vocabulary and available lists. His classification of 1968 is the most influential and was based upon two previous schemes (1935, 1944), which were similar to those proposed by Paul Rivet (whom he was a student of), although the number of families was increased to 94 and 114. References 1895 births 1958 deaths Linguists from the Czech Republic Paleolinguists Linguists of indigenous languages of the Americas 20th-century linguists { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wiktionary
Wiktionary ( , , rhyming with "dictionary") is a multilingual, web-based project to create a free content dictionary of terms (including words, phrases, proverbs, linguistic reconstructions, etc.) in all natural languages and in a number of artificial languages. These entries may contain definitions, images for illustration, pronunciations, etymologies, inflections, usage examples, quotations, related terms, and translations of terms into other languages, among other features. It is collaboratively edited via a wiki. Its name is a portmanteau of the words ''wiki'' and ''dictionary''. It is available in languages and in Simple English. Like its sister project Wikipedia, Wiktionary is run by the Wikimedia Foundation, and is written collaboratively by volunteers, dubbed "Wiktionarians". Its wiki software, MediaWiki, allows almost anyone with access to the website to create and edit entries. Because Wiktionary is not limited by print space considerations, most of Wiktio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiniguan Languages
The Tiniwan languages are two extinct and one moribund language of Colombia that form a small family. Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with Andaqui. Languages The Tiniwan languages are: * Tinigua (Tiniwa) * Pamigua (Pamiwa) †* Majigua †Nothing is known about Majigua (Campbell 2012). It was once spoken on the Ariari River in the Meta region of Colombia. Classification Though data on Pamigua is extremely limited, the relationship seems to be fairly close: Tinigua ''manaxaÃ'' 'walk!', Pamigua ''menáxa'' 'let's go!'. Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Tinigua and Pamigua. References Language families {{na-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
