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Thoma Deliana
Thoma Deliana (1925–2014) was an Albanian politician of the Communist Albania period, being the longest serving Minister of Education (1963-1976) in overall. Life Deliana was born in 1925 in on Orthodox family of the Kala neighborhood of Elbasan in central Albania. He finished the elementary school in his town, and then enrolled in the Normal School of Elbasan where he was taught by Aleksander Xhuvani. As many other attenders of the school, he joined the ranks of the National Liberation Movement (LANC) during World War II. After distinguishing himself as a youth-member of the resistance, he was elected member of the Central Committee of the Albanian Antifascist Youth - the youth fraction of the LANC, in its first congress held in Helmës of Skrapar region. In September 1944, he was elected Head of the Antifascist Youth of Elbasan District and member of the Antifascist Council of LANC. After World War II, with the rise of the Communists in power, he started working in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanians
The Albanians (; sq, Shqiptarët ) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Balkan Peninsula who share a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language. They primarily live in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia as well as in Croatia, Greece, Italy and Turkey. They also constitute a large diaspora with several communities established across Europe, the Americas and Oceania. Albanians have Paleo-Balkanic origins. Exclusively attributing these origins to the Illyrians, Thracians or other Paleo-Balkan people is still a matter of debate among historians and ethnologists. The first certain reference to Albanians as an ethnic group comes from 11th century chronicler Michael Attaleiates who describes them as living in the theme of Dyrrhachium. The Shkumbin River roughly demarcates the Albanian language between Gheg and Tosk dialects. Christianity in Albania was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome until the 8th century AD. Then, dioceses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanian Language
Albanian ( endonym: or ) is an Indo-European language and an independent branch of that family of languages. It is spoken by the Albanians in the Balkans and by the Albanian diaspora, which is generally concentrated in the Americas, Europe and Oceania. With about 7.5 million speakers, it comprises an independent branch within the Indo-European languages and is not closely related to any other modern Indo-European language. Albanian was first attested in the 15th century and it is a descendant of one of the Paleo-Balkan languages of antiquity. For historical and geographical reasons,: "It is often thought (for obvious geographic reasons) that Albanian descends from ancient Illyrian (see above), but this cannot be ascertained as we know next to nothing about Illyrian itself." the prevailing opinion among modern historians and linguists is that the Albanian language is a descendant of a southern Illyrian dialect spoken in much the same region in classical times. Alternativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enver Hoxha
Enver Halil Hoxha ( , ; 16 October 190811 April 1985) was an Albanian communist politician who was the authoritarian ruler of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985. He was First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania from 1941 until his death in 1985. He was also a member of the Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania, chairman of the Democratic Front of Albania, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces and ruled the country from 1944 until his death in 1985. He was the 22nd Prime Minister of Albania from 1944 to 1954 and at various times was both foreign minister and defence minister of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania. Hoxha was born in Gjirokastër in 1908 and became a grammar school teacher in 1936. Following the Italian invasion of Albania, he joined the Party of Labour of Albania at its creation in 1941 in the Soviet Union. He was elected First Secretary in March 1943 at the age of 34. Less than two years after the liberation of the country ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autocritique
Examination of conscience is a review of one's past thoughts, words, actions, and omissions for the purpose of ascertaining their conformity with, or deviation from, the moral law. Among Christians, this is generally a private review; secular intellectuals have, on occasion, published autocritiques for public consumption. In the Catholic Church, penitents who wish to receive the sacrament of penance are encouraged to examine their conscience using the Ten Commandments as a guide, or the Beatitudes, or the virtues and vices. A similar doctrine is taught in Lutheran churches, where penitents who wish to receive Holy Absolution are also asked to use the Ten Commandments as a guide. The process is very similar to the Islamic practice of Muhasaba, or self-reflection. "The excellence of this practice and its fruitfulness for Christian virtue," preached Pope Pius X, "are clearly established by the teaching of the great masters of the spiritual life." St. Ignatius of Loyola considered the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immorality
Immorality is the violation of moral laws, norms or standards. It refers to an agent doing or thinking something they know or believe to be wrong. Immorality is normally applied to people or actions, or in a broader sense, it can be applied to groups or corporate bodies, and works of art. Aristotle Aristotle saw many vices as excesses or deficits in relation to some virtue, as cowardice and rashness relate to courage. Some attitudes and actionssuch as envy, murder, and thefthe saw as wrong in themselves, with no question of a deficit/excess in relation to the mean. Religion In Islam, Judaism and Christianity, sin is a central concept in understanding immorality. Immorality is often closely linked with both religion and sexuality. Max Weber saw rational articulated religions as engaged in a long-term struggle with more physical forms of religious experience linked to dance, intoxication and sexual activity. Durkheim pointed out how many primitive rites culminated in abandonin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiço Ngjela
Kiço Ngjela (25 December 1917 – 16 June 2002) was an Albanian politician of the Albanian Party of Labour (PPSh). Ngjela was born in Sheper (Zagori, Albania, Zagori region) of the Gjirokastër District in Albania. In 1945 he became a member of the Constituent Assembly (Alb: ''Asambleja Kushtetuese'') which declared Albania as Republic. After 1950, he was a member of the Parliament of Albania, People's Assembly (Alb: ''Kuvendi Popullor''), representing the Tirana District until 10 October 1975. Later, he was temporarily deputy chairman of the State Planning Commission. On 6 February 1948, Ngjela succeeded Ramadan Çitaku as Ministry of Finance (Albania), Minister of Finances in the government of Prime Minister Enver Hoxha. However, on 28 November 1948 he was succeeded in that position by Abdyl Këllezi. Ngjela succeeded Gogo Nushi as Minister of Trade at a later date. In addition, he was a member of the Central Committee (CC) of the Party from 1956. Prime Minister Mehmet Shehu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdyl Këllezi
Abdyl Këllezi (20 August 1919 – 17 May 1977) was an Albanian politician of the Communist era. He served as Chairman of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania from 10 September 1966 to 13 January 1969. Life and activity Këllezi was born in Tirana on 20 August 1919. He studied business administration in the University of Florence, and later pursued military studies in Rome. Due to his anti-fascist activities he was arrested in 1939 and interned in the famous Ventotene. He stayed there until 1941, but was arrested again soon-after in 1942 and spent some more time in prison. After his release, he joined the LANC for what remained from World War II, while being elected member of the General Council of LANC since 1943. In 1944 Këllezi was member of the military general staff of the new government. From 1945 to 1946 he served as Director of the State Bank. Afterwards he held several positions: Minister of Finance during 1948-1953 and 1954–1958, Chairman of the State Plannin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koço Theodhosi
Koço Theodhosi (21 May 1913 in Korçë – 31 May 1977) was an Albanian politician of the Albanian Party of Labour (PPSh). Biography Theodhosi finished the French Lyceum of Korça, and later studied chemistry at the University of Lyon, and at the University of Liège. During his studies he got into contact with French-speaking anti-fascist student group of the French Communist Party (PCF). Upon his return to Albania, he became involved in the anti-fascist movement. In 1936 he joined the Spanish Civil War as part of the international brigades. In April 1939, he was among the organizers of a student protest in Grenoble against the Italian invasion of Albania. It was an appeal to the French Prime Minister Edouard Daladier and the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain to gain support over the Italians. On 8 November 1941, Theodhosi was one of the 200 founding members of the Communist Party of Albania (Alb: ''Partia Komuniste e Shqipërisë'') which would later become th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fadil Paçrami
Fadil Paçrami (born Shkodër, May 25, 1922 – died Tirana, January 16, 2008) was an Albanian politician, writer and playwright. He served as Chairman of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania from 20 November 1970 to 25 September 1973. - Republika e Shqipërisë KUVEND. Tiranë 2005 He used to be the minister of education and culture, as well as the speaker of the Albanian parliament. In 1975, he was wrongfully accused of anti-communist activity and got a 25-year sentence. He was freed from prison in 1990 by Ramiz Alia, Enver Hoxha's successor. Education and war Fadil was born in a Muslim family, yet nevertheless he attended a catholic college. Later he went to Italy to study medicine in the University of Bologna. In 1942, Fadil Paçrami had abandoned his education, returned to Albania and joined the communist guerrilla forces. He joined the Albanian Communist Party, which was later renamed to Party of Labour of Albania in 1948. He was an active member of the anti-fascist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opportunism
Opportunism is the practice of taking advantage of circumstances – with little regard for principles or with what the consequences are for others. Opportunist actions are expedient actions guided primarily by self-interested motives. The term can be applied to individual humans and living organisms, groups, organizations, styles, behaviors, and trends. Opportunism or "opportunistic behaviour" is an important concept in such fields of study as biology, transaction cost economics, game theory, ethics, psychology, sociology and politics. Definitions Opportunism is the conscious policy and practice of taking selfish advantage of circumstances. Although in many societies opportunism often has a strong negative moral connotation, it may also be defined more neutrally as putting self-interest before other interests when there is an opportunity to do so, or flexibly adapting to changing circumstances to maximize self-interest (though usually in a way that negates some principle prev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sino-Albanian Split
The Sino-Albanian split was the gradual worsening of relations between the People's Socialist Republic of Albania and the People's Republic of China in the period 1972–1978. Both countries had supported each other in the Soviet–Albanian and Sino-Soviet splits, together declaring the necessity of defending Marxism–Leninism against what they regarded as Soviet revisionism within the international communist movement. By the early 1970s, however, Albanian disagreements with certain aspects of Chinese policy deepened as the visit of Nixon to China along with the Chinese announcement of the "Three Worlds Theory" produced strong apprehension in Albania's leadership under Enver Hoxha. Hoxha saw in these events an emerging Chinese alliance with American imperialism and abandonment of proletarian internationalism. In 1978, China broke off its trade relations with Albania, signalling an end to the informal alliance which existed between the two states. Origins In September 1956, En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirana
Tirana ( , ; aln, Tirona) is the capital and largest city of Albania. It is located in the centre of the country, enclosed by mountains and hills with Dajti rising to the east and a slight valley to the northwest overlooking the Adriatic Sea in the distance. Due to its location at the Plain of Tirana and the close proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, the city is particularly influenced by a Mediterranean seasonal climate. It is among the wettest and sunniest cities in Europe, with 2,544 hours of sun per year. Tirana was founded as a city in 1614 by the Ottoman Albanian general Sylejman Pasha Bargjini and flourished by then around the Old Mosque and the ''türbe''. The area that today corresponds to the city's territory has been continuously inhabited since the Iron Age. It was inhabited by Illyrians, and was most likely the core of the Illyrian Kingdom of the Taulantii, which in Classical Antiquity was centred in the hinterland of Epidamnus. Following the Illyrian Wars it wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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