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Thermococci
In taxonomy, the Thermococci are a class of microbes within the Euryarchaeota.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Thermococci Data extracted from the They live in extremely hot environments, such as hydrothermal vents, and they have optimal growth temperatures above 80 °C. '' Thermococcus'' and ''Pyrococcus'' (literally "balls of fire") are both obligately anaerobic organism, anaerobic chemoorganotrophs. ''Thermococcus'' prefers 70-95 °C and ''Pyrococcus'' 70-100 °C. '' Palaeococcus helgesonii'', recently discovered in the Tyrrhenian Sea, is an aerobic chemoheterotrophic that grows at temperatures of 45-85 °C with an optimal temperature of 80 °C. '' Thermococcus gammatolerans'' sp. nov. was recently discovered in the Guaymas Basin, and it grows at temperatures from 55-95 °C with an optimal temperaturearound 88 °C with an optimal pH of 6. It has pronounced radioresistance and can survive gamma radiation at 30 kGy. See also * List of Archae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Archaea Genera
This article lists the genera of the Archaea. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Phylogeny National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy was initially used to decorate the genome tree via tax2tree. The 16S rRNA-based Greengenes taxonomy is used to supplement the taxonomy particularly in regions of the tree with no cultured representatives. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is used as the primary taxonomic authority for establishing naming priorities. Taxonomic ranks are normalised using phylorank and the taxonomy manually curated to remove polyphyletic groups. Cladogram was taken from the GTDB release 07-RS207 (8th April 2022). The position of clades with a "question mark" are based on the additional phylogeny of the 16S rRNA-based LTP_12_2021 by The All-Species Living Tree Project. Phylum " Altarcha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euryarchaeota
Euryarchaeota (from Ancient Greek ''εὐρύς'' eurús, "broad, wide") is a phylum of archaea. Euryarchaeota are highly diverse and include methanogens, which produce methane and are often found in intestines, halobacteria, which survive extreme concentrations of salt, and some extremely thermophilic aerobes and anaerobes, which generally live at temperatures between 41 and 122 °C. They are separated from the other archaeans based mainly on rRNA sequences and their unique DNA polymerase. Description The ''Euryarchaeota'' are diverse in appearance and metabolic properties. The phylum contains organisms of a variety of shapes, including both rods and cocci. ''Euryarchaeota'' may appear either gram-positive or gram-negative depending on whether pseudomurein is present in the cell wall. ''Euryarchaeota'' also demonstrate diverse lifestyles, including methanogens, halophiles, sulfate-reducers, and extreme thermophiles in each. Others live in the ocean, suspended with plankton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermococcales
In taxonomy, the Thermococcales are an order of microbes within the Thermococci. The species within the Thermococcales are used in laboratories as model organisms. All these species are strict anaerobes and can ferment sugars as sources of carbon, but they also need elemental sulfur. See also * List of Archaea genera This article lists the genera of the Archaea. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Phylogeny National Center for ... References Further reading * * * * * External links Archaea taxonomic orders Euryarchaeota {{Euryarchaeota-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermococcus Gammatolerans
''Thermococcus gammatolerans'' is an archaea extremophile and the most radiation-resistant organism known to exist. As reported in 2003 the type strain EJ3T was taken from a submarine hydrothermal vent in the Guaymas Basin off the coast of Baja California at a depth of about 2,600 m by submersible Nautile during the 1991 ''Guaynaut'' cruise. ''Thermococcus gammatolerans'' thrives in temperatures between 55 and 95 °C with an optimum development around 88 °C. Its optimal growth pH is 6, favoring the presence of sulfur (S), which is reduced to hydrogen sulfide (). It is the organism with the strongest known resistance to radiation, supporting a radiation of gamma rays from 30,000 gray (Gy). Along with the genera ''Palaeococcus'' and ''Pyrococcus'', ''Thermococcus'' belongs to the Thermococcaceae family, sole family of the Thermococci (called "Protoarchaea" by Cavalier-Smith), a class in the phylum Euryarchaeota of Archaea. ''Thermococcus'' species live in extre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaea
Archaea ( ; singular archaeon ) is a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this term has fallen out of use. Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains, Bacteria and Eukaryota. Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla. Classification is difficult because most have not been isolated in a laboratory and have been detected only by their gene sequences in environmental samples. Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very different shapes, such as the flat, square cells of ''Haloquadratum walsbyi''. Despite this morphological similarity to bacteria, archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably for the enzymes involved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaea Classes
Archaea ( ; singular archaeon ) is a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this term has fallen out of use. Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains, Bacteria and Eukaryota. Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla. Classification is difficult because most have not been isolated in a laboratory and have been detected only by their gene sequences in environmental samples. Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very different shapes, such as the flat, square cells of ''Haloquadratum walsbyi''. Despite this morphological similarity to bacteria, archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably for the enzymes involved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermococcus
In taxonomy, ''Thermococcus'' is a genus of thermophilic Archaea in the family the Thermococcaceae. Members of the genus ''Thermococcus'' are typically irregularly shaped coccoid species, ranging in size from 0.6 to 2.0 μm in diameter. Some species of ''Thermococcus'' are immobile, and some species have motility, using flagella as their main mode of movement. These flagella typically exist at a specific pole of the organism. This movement has been seen at room or at high temperatures, depending on the specific organism. In some species, these microorganisms can aggregate and form white-gray plaques.Tae-Yang Jung, Y.-S. K., Byoung-Ha Oh, and Euijeon Woo (2012). "Identification of a novel ligand binding site in phosphoserine phosphatase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon ''Thermococcus onnurineus''." Wiley Periodicals: 11. Species under ''Thermococcus'' typically thrive at temperatures between 60 and 105 °C, either in the presence of black smokers (hydrothermal vents), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeococcus Helgesonii
''Palaeococcus helgesonii'' is a hyperthermophillic, anaerobic yet microaerobic archaeon from a geothermal well found in Vulcano, Italy. It is characterized as sphere-shaped, has a cell diameter ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 μm, a cell envelope consisting of a cytoplasmic membrane, a periplasmic space, a thin, electron-dense layer, and tufts of polar flagella. It occurs singly or in pairs. It can survive in temperatures ranging from 45 to 80°C, a pH range of 5 to 8, and a salt Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in the form of a natural crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quantitie ... range of 0.5 to 6.0%. In optimal conditions (a temperature of 80°C, a pH around 6.5, and a salt level of 2.8), it has a doubling time of 50 minutes. It also has a G+C of 42.5 mol.%. References Further reading * External linksType strain of ''Palaeococc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrococcus
''Pyrococcus'' is a genus (biology), genus of Thermococcaceaen archaean.See the National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI]webpage on Pyrococcus Data extracted from the Description and significance ''Pyrococcus'' has similar characteristics of other thermoautotrophican archaea such as ''Archaeoglobus'', and ''Methanococcus'' in the respect that they are all thermophile, thermophilic and anaerobic. ''Pyrococcus'' differs, however, because its optimal growth temperature is nearly 100 °C and dwells at a greater sea depth than the other archaea. Studying ''Pyrococcus'' helps give insight to possible mechanisms used to endure extreme environmental conditions like high temperatures and high pressure. Phylogeny Genome structure Three of the ''Pyrococcus'' species have been sequenced. ''Pyrococcus furiosus, P. furiosus'' is the largest containing 1.9Mb followed by ''Pyrococcus abyssi, P. abyssi'' with 1.8Mb and ''Pyrococcus horikoshii, P. horikoshii'' with 1.7Mb. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrococcus Furiosus
''Pyrococcus furiosus'' is a heterotrophic, strictly anaerobic, extremophilic, model species of archaea. It is classified as a hyperthermophile because it thrives best under extremely high temperatures, and is notable for having an optimum growth temperature of 100 °C (a temperature that would destroy most living organisms). ''P. furiosus'' belongs to the '' Pyrococcus'' genus, most commonly found in extreme environmental conditions of hydrothermal vents. It is one of the few prokaryotic organisms that has enzymes containing tungsten, an element rarely found in biological molecules. ''Pyrococcus furiosus'' has many potential industrial applications, owing to its unique thermostable properties. ''P. furiosus'' is used in the process of DNA amplification by way of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because of its proofreading activity. Utilizing ''P. furiosus'' in PCR DNA amplification instead of the traditionally used ''Taq'' DNA polymerase allows for a significantly more accura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order (biology)
Order ( la, wikt:ordo#Latin, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between Family_(biology), family and Class_(biology), class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gamma Radiation
A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol γ or \gamma), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves, typically shorter than those of X-rays. With frequencies above 30 exahertz (), it imparts the highest photon energy. Paul Villard, a French chemist and physicist, discovered gamma radiation in 1900 while studying radiation emitted by radium. In 1903, Ernest Rutherford named this radiation ''gamma rays'' based on their relatively strong penetration of matter; in 1900 he had already named two less penetrating types of decay radiation (discovered by Henri Becquerel) alpha rays and beta rays in ascending order of penetrating power. Gamma rays from radioactive decay are in the energy range from a few kiloelectronvolts (keV) to approximately 8 megaelectronvolts (MeV), corresponding to the typical energy levels in nuclei with reasonably long lifeti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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